LANGUAGE AND  Physical or actual setting, position

COMMUNICATION value, appropriateness of

message conveyed
Language
Factors interplaying
 Intellectual  Physical
Competencies:  Cultural
PurposiveGrammar  Social
Sound  Physiological
Vocabulary TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
 Method of human
ACCORDING TO MODE
Communication English
a. Verbal- Use of words. (Spoken or
written)
b. Non- verbal- Body language,
 CHAPTER 1 Mother facial expression, gestures,
tongue/second language created spaces)
Language contact c. Visual- Uses visuals.
Language change (Signs, symbols, imagery,
 Acquired or learned maps, charts, diagrams,
pictograms, photos, drawings or
illustrations and electronic
COMMUNICATION AND ITS communication)
TYPE
TYPES OF
Communication COMMUNICATION
 “communis”/”communicares ACCORDING TO CONTEXT
(latin)
 “to share and inform a. Intrapersonal
 “the process of transmitting Communication
information and common  “intra”- means within or
understanding from one person to inside
another.” (keyton, 2011)  Talking to oneself, self or
 “a process wherein sender, inner talk, inner
display, transmits or otherwise monologue, inner
direct a set of symbols to a dialogue, self-
receiver to change something.” verbalization, or self-
(Johnston 2008) statement
 “adynamic process which includes  Boast in confidence, self-
the sending and receiving of appraisal, self-
message at a conscious or consolation
unconscious level” (abulencia b. Interpersonal
2001) Communication
 “inter”- means between,
Context
among, and together
 The circumstance or environment  Interactive exchange
in which communication takes takes place
place  Occur in dyads, or small
group
  Establishes or deepens d. Crosswise
relationship  Diagonal
 Less serious and formal  Different units, different
c. Extended Communication departments, various
 Use of electronic media levels.
 Public in nature
 Faster transmission, later
Informal
audience
 Influential, persuasive  It comes from unofficial channels
d. Organizational of message flow
Communication  Grapevine
 (organizational context)  Occurs due to
e. Organization dissatisfaction
 Individuals working for a  Baseless gossip
company  Tracing the origins is almost
 Must have a system of next to impossible.
communication in place
 Must have rules for TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
standards for ACCORDING TO PURPOSE AND
communication protocol STYLE
 Has own culture
(Organizational culture) Focus is on communication setting and
the mode of delivery
Formal Communication
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL
 Employ formal language
STRUCTURE  Well through-out
Formal  Well written
 To inform, to entertain, and
 It allows communication to take persuade
place via designated channels of
message flow between positions Informal Communication
in the organization.  Doesn’t employ formal language
a. Downward  Personal and ordinary
 from upper to lower conversation
position  To socialize and to enhance
 top-down or from a relationship
superior to a subordinate
b. Upward
 Subordinates send
KINDS OF INTERFERENCE
communication to their
superiors/ bosses a. Psychological Barriers
 bottom-up  Thoughts that hamper the
 feedback, views, issues message to be interpreted
related to their job. correctly
c. Horizontal  Past experience
 Lateral, proper b. Physical Barriers
coordinate  Competing stimulus
 Same level/position but  Weather and climate, health
different departments and ignorance of the
 Performance facilitation medium.
 c. Linguistic and Cultural  Consider the recipient
Barriers profession, education,
 The language and its race, ethnicity, hobbies,
cultural environment interest, passion,
 Words may mean another in advocacies, and age
different cultures f. CREATIVITY
d. Mechanical Barriers  The ability to craft an
 Raised by the channels interesting message
employed  Syntax and diction.
 Cell phones, laptops and g. CONCISENESS
other gadgets.  Simplicity and
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE directness
 Avoid using lengthy
COMMUNICATION
expression and words
a. Know your purpose that may confuse the
b. Know your audience recipient
c. Know your topic
d. Adjust your speech/ writing to the
context h. CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
e. Work on the feedback  Emphasis on
empowering diverse,
The Nine Principles of cultures, lifestyle and
Effective Communication races and pursuit for
(OSBORNE 2009) gender equality.
i. CAPTIVATING
a. CLARITY  Must strive to make
 This makes speeches message interesting
understandable
 Fuzzy language ins
absolutely forbidden
UNDERSTANDING 21ST
b. CONCRETENESS
 Message must be
CENTURY
supported by facts COMMUNICATION
 Abstract words are
absolutely be avoided
c. COURTESY
Lesson 1: Communication
 Being polite in terms of
approach and manner processes, principles and
d. CORRECTNESS ethics
 Grammar mistakes can DevelopsCommunication
obscure the message’s
meaning
Processes, Principles and
 The misuse of language Ethics
can damage your
credibility Components of the
e. CONSIDERATION Communication Process
 Message must be geared
 Technically, communication
towards the audience.
happens in a systematic process to
achieve its success.
 PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVE
 Communication process is important
particularly among professionals
COMMUNICATION
because of the following notable
Communication Principles of
reasons according to Bhasin (2021):
Effective Communication
9 communication principles into
 It develops coordination for
operation as suggested by
people to understand the
thoughts, and ideas of one Operation Kapur (2020):
another. [1.] 1. Trustworthiness
[2.] 2. Effective Speaking
 Its function in an organization is Skillsspeaking skills
elementalElemental for the [3.] 3. Active Listeninglistening
smooth and proper [4.] 4. Good Writing Skillswriting
functioning of each member of skills
the organization. [5.] 5. Good Reading Skillsreading
skills
 It contributesContributes to [6.] 6. Objective
effective and efficient decision Judgementjudgement
making among people. [7.] 7. Value Differencedifference
[8.] 8. No Assumptionsassumptions
 It increasesIncrease the [9.] 9. Authenticity
managerial efficiency and
leader potentials in
organizations.
Ethical Considerations inand
 It promotesPromotes the overall Effective Communication are:
organizational peace and
cooperation among all  Respectful of their audiences.
employees who are holding
different places in the hierarchy.  Considerate of the
consequences of their
 It boostsBoost the morale of all communication.
employees and promotes
andpromote a healthy working  Truthful
environment in the organization.
 Efficient in using information

Ethical Communication  Watchfulwatchful on falsified

information.
 The principle governing
communication
 Respectfulrespectful of the
 The moral and immoral dimension
rights of others to
of communication
information.
 The wright and wrong aspects of
communication
Lesson 2: Communication and
Ethical Consideration by
Barrot and Sipacio (2018)
 a. Uphold Integrity  humanThe communication. and
 Be truthful and accurate assimilation among individuals,
b. Respect diversity of ethnicities, races, institutions, and
Perspective and privacy government of various nations
 Show compassion and supported by international trade
consideration  The process of interaction and
c. Observe freedom expression integration among people,
effectively companies, and governments
 Be careful of what and how worldwide
you say your words  Allows exposure to diversity- the
d. Promote access to valuing of the uniqueness or
communication differences.
Gives others an Global Village
opportunityGlobalization
 Different parts of the world form
Globalization one community linked
together by electronic
 Globalization is not only the communication, especially the
mobility and trade of goods across internet
countries, but all that go with it such as
people, services, knowledge, culture, Note:
etc. To effectively communicate in a
 Historically, globalization has global context, a general understanding
opened borders and modernization from of the differences in conducting
one country to another. Thus, the communication from one country to
inevitable globalization is now another helps avoid miscommunication
intertwined not only in economy but
also in human communication.
 As communicators, we need
to recognize and
Cultural Barriers to
understand the features, Effective Communication
dimensions, and impact of
 1. Language
globalizationexpress what
 2. Stereotypes and
they feel and think
prejudicesPrejudices
e. Be open-minded
 3. Behaviors and beliefsbelief
 Accept that others have
 4. Norms and values
different views or opinions
 5. Ethnocentrism
 Learn how to reconcile their
 6. Body language and
opinions with your own
gestures
f. Develop your sense of
Accountability
 Acknowledge responsibility
for all your actions, good or StrategiesHow to become an
bad effective global
COMMUNICATION AND communicator.:
GLOBALIZATION  1. Mindful Presencepresence
 2. Mindful Listeninglistening
Globalization  3. Mindful Speechspeech
  4. Unconditional Cultural Factors in
Friendlinessfriendliness Multicultural Settings (Cotton,
 5. Mindful
2013)
Responsivenessresponsiveness
 Mother tongue and secondary
languages
 Race
 3. Ethnicity
 4. Gender
Lesson 3: LocalStrategies to  5. Local culture
 6. Religion
become and Effective Global  7. Regional attire
Communication (KRIZAN 2014)  8. Ancestry, Parentsparents and
Familiesfamilies
[1.] Communication in Review
 9. Teachers
communication principles
 10. Friends
1. Analyze the message received
 11. Neighborhood
2. Be open too an accepting of other
 12. Education
cultures
 13. Profession
3. Learned about culture and apply
 14. Experience
what is learned
 15. Politics
4. Consider language needs
16. Physical features
17. Media
LOCAL AND GLOBAL
COMMUNICATION
Multicultural Settings
LOCAL AND GLOBAL
Multicultural refers Refers to a
society that contains several
COMMUNICATION IN
cultural or ethnic groups. People MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS
live alongside one another, but
each cultural group does not
Intercultural Communication
necessarily have engaging  People from different
interactions with each other backgrounds often encounter
difficulties in processing meanings
and understanding messages due
Socio- Cultural Aspects of to the difficulties in understanding
Communication (Dapat, et al, certain factors of communication
2016) such as language, context, and
meaning.
 1. Cultural identity
 2. Gender role  Communication problems often
 3. Age identity occur when there is a lack of
 4. Social class understanding about how certain
 5. Religious identity cultures "work."

The interaction with people from

diverse cultures
 that are culturally
acceptable to others.
Forms of Intercultural
Communication (JANDT, 2017)  People should be skillful
and tactful in
[1.] Interracial communication –
communicating in
communicating
multicultural settings.
 Communicating with
people from different
 People should be
races
observant on the
connection among
[2.] Interethnic communication patterns.
communication –
interactingCommunication  People should open their
 Interacting with people, of minds to dissimilar
different ethnic culture because it can
originorigins give them fresh options
to try a new approach in
life.
[3.]
internationalInternational
communication – Lesson 4: Varieties and
communicating Registers of Spoken and
 Communication between
representatives from VARIETIES AND REGISTERS
different nations. OF APOKEN AND WRITTEN
LANGUAGE
[4.] IntraculturalIntercultural
communication – interacting a. Written Language
 Interacting with members
of the same racial or
ethnic group orof co- Varieties of Spoken and
culture Written CarefullyLanguage

Improving Intercultural
 Written language is
Communication Competence carefully organized and
(Dapat, et .al, 2016) explanatory. Word of
choice is deliberate and
follow
 People should be  Deliberate diction
mindful of the other  Follow a particular
communicatorscommunicati structure.
ons who have different b. Spoken language is
culture. spontaneousLanguage
 Spontaneous and
 People should mindfully momentary; it is mostly
choose the suitable  Mostly maintained in the
words and actionsaction form of a dialogue.
 Key Concepts of
EVALUATING MESSAGES
AND/OR IMAGES OF
Characteristics of Written DIFFERENT TYPES OR
English and Spoken TEXTS REFLECTING
English: DIFFERENT CULTURES
CHARACTERISTICS OF A. Media
WRITTEN AND SPOKEN  All electronic or digital
means and print or artistic
LANGUAGE: visuals used to transmit
Characte Written Spoken messages
ristic EnglishLa EnglishLa B. Literacy
nguage nguage  The ability to encode and
Flow of Steady Pauses- decode symbols and
languag utterances synthesize and analyze
e / message
utterance
c. Media Literacy
Organiza Structure Less
 The ability to encode and
tion d particular
with decode the symbols
structure transmitted via media and
register Both Mostly the ability to synthesize,
Register formal informal analyze and produce
and mediated messages.
informal d. Media Education
 The study of media,
including ‘hands-on’
Different
experiences and media
RegistersRegister in production
differentDifferent Forms e. Media Literacy Education
and Functions  The educational field
dedicated to teaching the
 1. Frozen or “static” register
skills associated with media
 2. Formal register
literacy
 3. Consultative register
 4. Casual register KEY CONCEPTS OF MEDIA
 5. Intimate register
LITERACY
 All media message are
Lesson 5: Evaluating “constructed”
 Media have embedded values and
Messages and/or images of points of view
different types of texts  Each person interprets messages
reflecting different cultures differently
 Media have commercial,
ideological or political interest
 Media message are constructed
using a creative language having
its own rules