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Simple Pendulum Project

This document outlines a project on the simple pendulum, detailing its objective to study the time period and factors affecting it, such as length, mass, and amplitude. The experiment confirms that the time period is directly proportional to the square root of the pendulum's length and independent of the bob's mass. Precautions for accurate measurements and a bibliography of sources are also included.

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manjeetshrwt02
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8 views3 pages

Simple Pendulum Project

This document outlines a project on the simple pendulum, detailing its objective to study the time period and factors affecting it, such as length, mass, and amplitude. The experiment confirms that the time period is directly proportional to the square root of the pendulum's length and independent of the bob's mass. Precautions for accurate measurements and a bibliography of sources are also included.

Uploaded by

manjeetshrwt02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project File: Simple Pendulum – Time Period and

Factors Affecting It

Index

1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. Materials Required
4. Theory
5. Procedure
6. Observations
7. Calculations
8. Result
9. Conclusion
10. Precautions
11. Bibliography

1. Introduction

The simple pendulum is one of the most basic systems that demonstrates periodic motion. It consists of a
small bob suspended from a fixed point by a string or thread, free to swing back and forth. It is used widely
to study oscillatory motion.

2. Objective

To study the time period of a simple pendulum and investigate the effect of: - Length of the pendulum
- Mass of the bob
- Amplitude of swing
on its time period.

3. Materials Required

• Stand with clamp


• String or thread
• Metal bob
• Stopwatch
• Meter scale
• Protractor

1
4. Theory

The time period T of a simple pendulum is the time it takes for one complete oscillation and is given by:

L
T = 2π
g

Where:
T = Time period
L = Length of pendulum
g = Acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²)

This formula is valid only for small angles (less than 15°).

5. Procedure

1. Attach the bob to one end of the string and fix the other end to the stand.
2. Measure the length L from the point of suspension to the center of the bob.
3. Displace the bob slightly (less than 15°) and release it.
4. Start the stopwatch as the bob passes the mean position.
5. Count 20 oscillations and note the total time taken.
6. Repeat the procedure for different lengths.
7. Repeat using different masses and amplitudes to observe effects.

6. Observations

Length (cm) Time for 20 Oscillations (s) Time Period (T) = Time/20 (s) T² (s²)

30 22.0 1.10 1.21

50 28.4 1.42 2.01

70 33.5 1.68 2.82

7. Calculations

Using T = 2π L
g , and comparing with observed values. A graph of T 2 vs L is plotted which gives a
straight line, confirming the theoretical relation.

2
8. Result

• The time period of a simple pendulum is directly proportional to the square root of its length.
• It is independent of the mass of the bob.
• Small amplitudes do not significantly affect the time period.

9. Conclusion

This experiment confirms the theoretical formula for the time period of a simple pendulum. The factors
affecting it were investigated, and the dependency on length was verified.

10. Precautions

• Ensure the string is light and inextensible.


• Oscillation angle must be small (≤15°).
• Avoid air currents.
• Start the stopwatch accurately as the bob crosses the mean position.

11. Bibliography

• NCERT Class 11 Physics Textbook


• Lab Manual – Class 11 Physics
• www.physicsexperimentguide.com

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