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10 SQL Interview Questions to Prepare as a Data Analyst

The document outlines ten essential SQL interview questions for data analysts, emphasizing the importance of understanding SQL concepts rather than just memorizing syntax. Key topics include the differences between WHERE and HAVING, INNER JOIN vs LEFT JOIN, and the use of aggregate functions, among others. It encourages candidates to grasp the underlying principles of SQL queries to excel in interviews.

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prajapat123pavan
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2 views13 pages

10 SQL Interview Questions to Prepare as a Data Analyst

The document outlines ten essential SQL interview questions for data analysts, emphasizing the importance of understanding SQL concepts rather than just memorizing syntax. Key topics include the differences between WHERE and HAVING, INNER JOIN vs LEFT JOIN, and the use of aggregate functions, among others. It encourages candidates to grasp the underlying principles of SQL queries to excel in interviews.

Uploaded by

prajapat123pavan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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@dixit-prashant

10
SQL Interview
Questions you
must prepare as a
Data Analyst
@dixit-prashant

When I started learning SQL, I thought


memorizing syntax was enough...

But in interviews, they don’t just ask you


to write queries.

They want to know if you understand the


concepts behind them.

That's when I started breaking SQL


topics into bite-sized answers.

just like this 👇

1
@dixit-prashant

1. What is SQL and why is it


important?

SQL stands for Structured Query


Language.

Used to manage and query relational


databases.

Essential for extracting insights from


large data.

Core skill for data analysts, BI, and


reporting tasks.

1
@dixit-prashant

2. Difference between WHERE and


HAVING?

WHERE filters rows before


aggregation.

HAVING filters after


grouping/aggregates.

Use WHERE with raw data filters.

Use HAVING with conditions on


SUM(), AVG(), etc.

2
@dixit-prashant

3. INNER JOIN vs LEFT JOIN?

INNER JOIN returns only matching


rows.

LEFT JOIN returns all from left,


matched from right.

Use LEFT JOIN to keep unmatched


left rows.

NULL appears where no right table


match exists.

3
@dixit-prashant

4. Primary Key vs Foreign Key?

Primary Key uniquely identifies each


row.

Foreign Key links two tables


together.

Primary Key = unique + not null.

Foreign Key = ensures referential


integrity.

4
@dixit-prashant

5. What are aggregate functions?

Perform operations on multiple rows.

Examples: SUM(), AVG(), COUNT(),


MAX().

Often used with GROUP BY.

Return one result per group or


dataset.

5
@dixit-prashant

6. What is a subquery?

A query inside another query.

Used to calculate intermediate


results.

Can be used in SELECT, FROM, or


WHERE.

Helps break down complex queries.

6
@dixit-prashant

7. DELETE vs TRUNCATE vs DROP?

DELETE: removes specific rows,


reversible.

TRUNCATE: removes all rows,


faster, not reversible.

DROP: removes entire table


structure.

DELETE logs row-by-row;


TRUNCATE doesn’t.

7
@dixit-prashant

8. What is the use of GROUP BY?

Groups data based on one or more


columns.

Works with aggregate functions.

Used to summarize or segment data.

Must include non-aggregated


columns in GROUP BY.

8
@dixit-prashant

9. How do you handle NULLs?

Use IS NULL or IS NOT NULL to


filter.

Use COALESCE() or IFNULL() to


replace.

NULL ≠ 0 or empty string.

Can impact joins, grouping, and


comparisons.

9
@dixit-prashant

10. What are window functions?

Perform calculations across a


window of rows.

Do not collapse rows like


aggregates.

Examples: RANK(),
ROW_NUMBER(), LEAD().

Useful for rankings, trends, and


comparisons.

10
@dixit-prashant

💡 Pro Tip: Understand the why behind


every query.

📩 Want me to break down answers to


these questions in detail?

SHARE SAVE LIKE


YOUR FOR THIS
THOUGHTS LATER POST

11

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