1

1 Deduce the electronic structure of sulfur.

Use the Periodic Table to help you.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

2 A list of symbols and formulae is shown.

CaO
CH4
C2H4
C2H6
-
Cl
2+
Cu
H2
He
+
K
N2
+
Na
SO2

State which symbol or formula represents an ion formed when an atom gains an electron.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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3 Choose the two correct statements about nitrogen and hydrogen in a mixture.

Tick (✓) two boxes.

The nitrogen and hydrogen mixture can be separated by physical means.

The nitrogen and hydrogen mixture is liquid at room temperature.

The atoms of nitrogen and hydrogen in the mixture are chemically combined.

Air is mainly a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen.

The bonding in both nitrogen and hydrogen molecules is covalent.

[2]

[Total: 2]

4 Sodium reacts with chlorine to produce sodium chloride.

(a) State the colour of chlorine gas.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Chlorine is a diatomic molecule.

State the meaning of the term diatomic.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Complete the chemical equation for the reaction of sodium with chlorine.

2 Na + ...............→ ...............NaCl [2]

(d) Sodium chloride is an ionic compound.

Describe two physical properties of ionic compounds.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 6]
3
5 The table shows the masses of some ions in a 1000 cm sample of toothpaste.
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3
mass of ion in 1000 cm
name of ion formula of ion
of toothpaste / g
+
ammonium NH4 0.5
2+
calcium Ca 3.6
2−
carbonate CO3 2.5
−
chloride Cl 0.9
−
fluoride F 1.2
2+
Mg 0.2
3−
phosphate PO4 28.0
+
sodium Na 32.0
2−
SO4 10.4
2+
tin(II) Sn 0.3

Answer these questions using only the information in the table.

3
(a) State which positive ion has the lowest mass in 1000 cm of toothpaste.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
2+ 2−
(b) Name the compound that contains Mg and SO4 ions.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
3
(c) Calculate the mass of sodium ions in 200 cm of toothpaste.

mass = ......................... g [1]

[Total: 3]
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6 Choose the two correct statements about carbon dioxide.

Tick (✓) two boxes.

Carbon dioxide is a mixture of two elements.

Carbon dioxide is an acidic gas.

Carbon dioxide has ionic bonding.

Carbon dioxide has a giant covalent structure.

There are three atoms in a molecule of carbon dioxide.

[2]

[Total: 2]

7 This question is about nitrogen.

Nitrogen molecules have the formula N2.

Some properties of nitrogen are shown:

• melting point of −210 °C

• boiling point of −196 °C
• non-conductor of electricity when solid
• insoluble in water.

(a) Name the type of bonding between the atoms in an N2 molecule.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain, in terms of attractive forces between particles, why nitrogen has a low melting point.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Explain why nitrogen does not conduct electricity.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

8 Two isotopes of sulfur are shown.

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32
16S

33
16S

Use your knowledge of protons, neutrons and electrons to answer the following questions.

(a) Describe how these isotopes of sulfur are the same and how they are different.

same .................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

different .............................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) Explain why each of these isotopes have an overall charge of zero.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Explain why both isotopes have the same chemical properties.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

9 Hydrazine, N2H4, is a compound that contains nitrogen and hydrogen.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of hydrazine.

Show outer electrons only.

H H

N N

H H

[2]

[Total: 2]
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10 Some properties of sodium chloride are shown:

• melting point of 801 °C

• non-conductor of electricity when solid
• conductor of electricity when molten
• soluble in water.

(a) Name the type of bonding in sodium chloride.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain why sodium chloride conducts electricity when molten.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

11 Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons.

Complete the table.

particle relative charge relative mass

electron

neutron

proton +1

[2]

[Total: 2]
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12 A student adds excess large pieces of magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, to dilute hydrochloric acid,
HCl, and measures the volume of carbon dioxide gas, CO2, given off.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement of the ions in magnesium
chloride.

The inner shells have been drawn.

Give the charges on the ions.

....... .......

Mg Cl

.......

Cl

[3]

[Total: 3]

13 Graphite is a form of carbon. Graphite has a giant structure with covalent bonds.

State the meaning of the term covalent bond.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

14 The electronic structures of five atoms, A, B, C, D and E, are shown.

A B C D E
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Answer the following questions about these electronic structures.

Each electronic structure may be used once, more than once or not at all.

State which electronic structure, A, B, C, D or E, represents:

(a) an atom of an element in Group VI of the Periodic Table

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) an atom of a reactive metal

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) an atom with a proton number of 17

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) an atom that forms a stable ion with a charge of 2−

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) an atom of oxygen.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

15 Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of chlorine.
Show the outer shell electrons only.

[2]

[Total: 2]