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DPS, SECUNDERABAD
(Under the aegis of the Delhi Public School Society, New Delhi) c

PRACTICE WORKSHEET – 2025-26

Name : Roll. No :
Class/Sec : X Date :
Subject : Science

CHAPTER 9: LIGHT-REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

I. Choose the most appropriate answer.

1. A ray of light that strikes a plane mirror PQ at an angle of incidence of 30o, is
reflected from the plane mirror and then strikes a second plane mirror QR placed
at right angles to the first mirror. The angle of reflection at the second mirror is:
(a) 30o (b) 45o (c) 60o (d) 90o

2. An object is placed at 100 mm in front of a concave mirror which produces its

upright image. The radius of curvature of the mirror is:
(a) Less than 100 mm
(b) Between 100 mm and 200 mm
(c) Exactly 200 mm
(d) More than 200 mm
3. Two big mirrors A and B are fitted side by side on a wall. A man is standing at
such a distance from the wall that he can see the erect image of his face in both
the mirrors. When the man starts walking towards the mirrors, he finds that the
size of his face in mirror A goes on increasing but that in mirror B remains the
same:
(a) Mirror A is concave and mirror B is convex
(b) Mirror A is plane and mirror B is concave
(c) Mirror A is concave and mirror B is plane
(d) Mirror A is convex and mirror B is concave

4. A ray of light passes from a medium X to another medium Y. No refraction of

light occurs if the ray of light hits the boundary of medium Y at an angle of:
(a) 120o (b) 90o (c) 45o (d) 0o
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5. A light ray enters from medium A to medium B as shown in figure. The refractive
index of medium B relative to A will be
(a) greater than unity (b) less than unity
(c) equal to unity (d) zero

6. Which of the following statements is true?

(a) A convex lens has 4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m
(b) A convex lens has -4 dioptre power having a focal length -0.25 cm
(c) A concave lens has 4 dioptre power having a focal length 0.25 m
(d) A concave lens has -4 dioptre power having a focal length -0.25 cm.

7. A student used a device (X) to focus the image of a

well-illuminated distant building on a screen (S) as
shown in the diagram. Select the correct statement
about the device (X).

(a) This device is a concave lens of a focal length 8 cm.

(b) This device is a convex mirror of a focal length 8 cm.
(c) This device is a convex lens of a focal length 4 cm.
(d) This device is a convex lens of focal length 8 cm.

8. The power of a concave lens of focal length 4cm is:

(a) +.25D (b) 25D (c) – 25 D (d) - .25D

9. What is the speed of light in water if the refractive index of water is 1.33?
(a) 3 x 108 m/s (b) 2.25 x 108 m/s
(c) 2 x 108 m/s (d) 2.5 x 108 m/s

10. An object of size 2 cm is placed at 25 cm in front of a concave mirror. If the

magnification produced by the mirror is 4, what is the size of the image?
(a) – 8 cm (b) 12.5 cm
(c) –5 cm (d) 8 cm
II. Answer the following questions

1. Analyse the following observation table showing the variation of image distance
(v) with object distance (u) in the case of a concave mirror. Answer the following
questions based on your analysis only without doing any calculations.
S. No Object Distance (cm) Image Distance (cm)
1 -10 -20
2 -30 -60
3 -40 -40
4 -50 -33.3
5 -60 -30
6. -80 +27
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(a) What is the nature of the image formed for serial number 2.
(b) What is the size of the image formed for serial number 4.
(c) What is the focal length of this concave mirror? Give reason in support of
your answer.
(d) Write the serial number of the observation table which is not correct. Give
reason to support your answer.
Ans: (a) Real and inverted
(b) Diminished
(c) f= +20cm
When object distance is equal to the image distance the image
formed is at the centre of curvature.
2F=+40cm, F=+20 cm
(d) S.No. 1 Reason: Here the object is between pole and principal
focus of the mirror hence image is formed behind the mirror.
Hence image distance must be +20cm.
2. (a) How is the refractive index of a medium related to the speed of light?
(b) Obtain an expression for the refractive index of a medium with respect to
another in terms of the speed of light in these two media.
(c) The refractive index of diamond with respect to glass is 1.6 and the absolute
refractive index of glass is 1.5. Find out the absolute refractive index of a
diamond.
Ans: (a) Refractive index of a medium is defined as the ratio of the speed
of light in air and the speed of light in that medium.
Refractive index, n = c/ v
c is the velocity of light in air and
v is the velocity of light in the medium.
(b) n21= v1/v2
n21= refractive index of medium 2 wrt medium 1
v1 - velocity of light in medium 1
v2 - velocity of light in medium 2
(c) ndg= nd/ng
ndg= 1.6 ng = 1.5
nd = ndg x ng = 1.6 x 1.5 = 2.4

3. (a) A concave lens of focal length 10 cm and convex lens of focal length 25 cm
and placed in closed contact with each other. Calculate the power of the
combination.
(b) A convex lens of focal length 20 cm can produce a magnified virtual as well
as magnified real image. Where the object shall be placed in each case for
obtaining these images?
Ans: (a) f1 = 25cm= 0.25 m
Power of convex lens, P1 = 1/f1 = 1/0.25 = +4D
f2 = -10cm= - 0.1m
Power of concave lens, P2 = 1/f2 =1/-0.1m = -10D
Power of combination, P = P1 + P2 = 4D –10D = -6D
(b) Virtual Image- If the object is placed within 20 cm from the lens
Real Image- Between 20 cm and 40 cm.
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4. The absolute refractive index of some material media is given in the table below:
Material medium Refractive index
Air 1.0003
Rock salt 1.54
Water 1.33
Diamond 2.42
Kerosene 1.44
Using the information given in the table, answer the following questions.
(a) The refractive index of rock salt is 1.54. What is the meaning of this statement?
(b) In which medium will the speed of light be maximum and in which medium it is
minimum?
(c) Define the relative refractive index of a medium. Calculate the relative refractive
index for light going from water to kerosene.
(d) Define the absolute refractive index of a medium. Calculate the speed of light in
water if the speed of light in air is 3x108 m/s.
Ans: (a) Ratio of the speed of light in air and the speed of light in rock salt is
1.54.
(b) Maximum – Air Minimum- Diamond
(c) Refractive index of one transparent medium with respect to another
medium is called its relative refractive index.
nwk = nw/nk = 0.92
(d) Refractive index of any medium with respect to air/vacuum is
called the absolute refractive index of that medium.
Vw = c/nw = 3x108/ 1.33 = 2.25 x108 m/s

CHAPTER 1: CHEMICAL REACTIONS & EQUATIONS

I. Choose the most appropriate answer.

1. Gautam has to courier a sample of silver bromide powder to a laboratory for
analysis. Which of the following containers can he use to pack the sample?
P. Transparent glass bottle Q. Opaque plastic bottle R. Black paper packet
(a) Only P (b) Only P and Q
(c) Only Q and R (d) Any of P, Q and R

2. Which of the following reactions will not take place?

A) Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
B) 2KBr + Cl2 → KCl + Br2
C) Zn + MgSO4 → ZnSO4 + Mg
D) Mg + FeSO4 → MgSO4 + Fe
(a) Only B and C (b) Only B
(c) Only C (d) Only B and D
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3. In a double displacement reaction such as the reaction between sodium

sulphate solution and barium chloride solution:
A. Exchange of atoms takes place
B. Exchange of ions takes place
C. A precipitate is produced
D. An insoluble salt is produced
(a) (B) & (D) (b) (A) & (C) (c) only B (d) (B), (C) & (D)
4. Electrolysis of water is a decomposition reaction. The mole ratio of hydrogen
and oxygen gases liberated during the electrolysis of water is
(a) 1:1 (b) 2:1 (c) 4:1 (d) 1:2
5. One of the following does not happen during a chemical reaction. This is:
(a) Breaking of old chemical bonds and formation of new chemical bonds
(b) Formation of new substances with entirely different properties
(c) Atoms of one element change into those of another element to form
new products
(d) A rearrangement of atoms takes place to form new products.
6. Which of the following does not involve a chemical reaction?
(a) Digestion of food in our body (b) Process of respiration
(c) Burning of candle was when heated (d) Melting of butter on heating
7. Which of the following is an exothermic reaction?
(a) Respiration (b) Electrolysis of water
(c)Decomposition of calcium carbonate (d) Photosynthesis
8. The chemical equations are balanced to satisfy one of the following laws in
chemical reactions.
(a) Law of conservation of mass (b) Law of definite proportions
(c) Law of multiple proportions (d) Law of conservation of motion

In the following Question, the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) have been put
forward. Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct
alternative from the following:
(a) Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct
explanation of the Assertion.
(b) The Assertion and the Reason are correct but the Reason is not the correct
explanation of the Assertion.
(c) The Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) The statement of the Assertion is false but the Reason is true.
9. Assertion: A lead nitrate on thermal decomposition gives lead oxide, brown-
coloured nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gas.
Reason: Lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide to form a yellow precipitate
of lead iodide and the reaction is double displacement as well as precipitation
reaction.
Ans: (B)
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10. Assertion: MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O is redox reaction.

Reason: MnO2 oxidizes HCl to Cl2 and gets reduced to MnCl2.
Ans: (A)
II. Answer the following questions:
1. A reddish-brown coloured metal, used in electrical wires, when powdered and heated
strongly in an open china dish, its colour turns black. When hydrogen gas is
passed over this black substance, it regains its original colour. Based on the
above information answer the following questions.
(a) Name the metal and the black-coloured substance formed.
(b) Write balanced chemical equations for both reactions.
Ans:
(i) The reddish-brown coloured metal used in electric wires is Copper.
When copper is heated strongly in air, it combines with oxygen to
form Copper (II) oxide, a black oxide.
(ii) 2Cu+O2 ------------> 2CuO (II)
Heat Copper oxide (black)
CuO+H2-------------> H2O+Cu
Copper (Reddish brown)
2. On heating blue-coloured copper (II) nitrate in a boiling tube, copper oxide
(black), oxygen gas, and a brown gas ‘X’ is formed.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.
(b) Identify the brown gas ‘X’ involved.
(c) Identify the type of reaction and define it.

Ans: (a) 2Cu(NO3)2(s)------------> 2CuO(s) + 4NO2(g) +O2(g)

Copper nitrate(blue) heat Copper (II) oxide(Black) (X)
(b) Brown gas (X) is nitrogen dioxide.
(c) It is an example of a decomposition reaction. A decomposition
reaction is a chemical reaction where a single compound breaks down
into two or more simpler substances.

3. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.

(a) Sodium carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid in equal molar
concentrations gives sodium chloride and sodium hydrogen carbonate.
(b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate in reaction with hydrochloric acid gives
sodium chloride, and water liberates carbon dioxide.
(c) Copper sulphate on treatment with potassium iodine precipitates cuprous
iodine (𝑪𝒖𝟐𝑰𝟐), liberates iodine gas and also forms potassium sulphate.
Ans:
(a) 𝑁𝑎2𝐶𝑂3 (𝑠)+𝐻𝐶𝑙 (𝑎𝑞) ⟶ 𝐻𝐶𝑙(𝑎𝑞) ⟶ 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 (𝑎𝑞)+𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3
(b) 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3+𝐻C𝑙 (𝑎𝑞)⟶ 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙+𝐻2𝑂+𝐶𝑂2
(c) 2𝐶𝑢𝑆𝑂4 +4𝐾𝐼 ⟶𝐶𝑢2𝐼2+𝐼2+2𝐾2𝑆𝑂4
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4. What happens when a piece of

(a) Zinc metal is added to copper sulphate solution
(b) Aluminium metal is added to dilute hydrochloric acid
(c) Silver metal is added to copper sulphate solution?
Also, write the balanced chemical equation, if reaction occurs.
Ans:
(a) Blue colour of 𝐶𝑢𝑆𝑂4 solution disappears. Since, zinc reacts with copper
sulphate to form colourless zinc sulphate solution and solid copper in
deposited from as 𝑍𝑛 is more reactive than 𝐶𝑢. So, displaces 𝐶𝑢 from
𝐶𝑢𝑆𝑂4 solution
Z𝑛 (𝑠) +𝐶𝑢𝑆𝑂4 (𝑎𝑞) ⟶ 𝑍𝑛𝑆𝑂4 (𝑎𝑞)+𝐶𝑢 (𝑠)
(b) Hydrogen gas is evolved Since, aluminium reacts with dilute
hydrochloric acid to form aluminium chloride and hydrogen gas.
2 𝐴𝑙 (𝑠) +6𝐻𝐶𝑙 (𝑎𝑞) ⟶ 2𝐴𝑙𝐶𝑙3 (𝑎𝑞)+3𝐻2 (𝑔)
(c) No reaction occurs Answer: i) Since silver metal is less reactive than
copper, therefore, it cannot displace copper from copper sulphate
solution.
𝐴𝑔 (𝑠) +𝐶𝑢𝑆𝑂4 (𝑎𝑞) ⟶ 𝑁𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
CHAPTER 5: LIFE PROCESS (NUTRITION AND RESPIRATION)

1. A student sets up an experiment to study

the role of enzymes in the digestion of food.
In which test tube, the digestion of protein
will occur?
(a) Test tube A as pepsin will breakdown
into simple molecules.
(b) Test tube B as HCl will breakdown into complex molecules.
(c) Test tube A as pepsin wills breakdown protein into simple molecules.
(d) Test tube B as HCl provides optimum pH to activate the pepsin for breakdown
of protein into simple molecules.
2. Which one of the following cell organelles contains the light- absorbing green
pigment chlorophyll?
(a) Mitochondria (b) Ribosomes (c) Chloroplast (d) Nucleolus

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions:

While preparing for an upcoming football match, Roni suffered
from muscle cramps during one of his training sessions. To
help him deal with this issue, his coach, Mr. Bose, suggested a
routine of aerobic exercises. Roni followed his coach’s guidance,
and as a result, he didn’t experience any more muscle cramps
during his match.
3. Which life process is depicted by the above passage?
(a) Respiration (b) Digestion (c) Nutrition (d) Excretion
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4. Lack of oxygen in muscles often leads to cramps due to

(a) Conversion of pyruvate to ethanol (b) Conversion of glucose to pyruvate
(c) Conversion of pyruvate to glucose (d) Conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid
5. Why there is an increase in lactic acid concentration in the blood at the
beginning of the exercise?
(a) Lack of oxygen (b) Excess of oxygen
(c) Lack of carbon dioxide (d) Excess of carbon dioxide
6. What else can be done for quick relief from muscular cramps?
(a) Massage (b) by applying heating pad or an ice pack
(c) Painkillers (d) all of these
Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
7. Assertion (A) : The inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger-
like projections called villi.
Reason (R) : The villi increase the surface area for absorption.
8. Assertion (A) : Photosynthesis takes place in green parts of the plants.
Reason (R) : Photosynthesis always takes place in leaves.
9. Assertion (A) : Lipase helps in emulsification of fats.
Reason (R) : Lipase hydrolyses fats and oils.

Observe the set up alongside in which an aquatic plant

Hydrilla is kept in a beaker and an inverted funnel is kept on it.

10. Assertion (A): The released gas is identified as oxygen.

Reason (R) : The aim of the set up alongside is to prove
that oxygen is essential for photosynthesis.

III. Answer the following questions:

1. Name the intermediate and the end products of glucose breakdown in
aerobic respiration.
Ans: Intermediate product- Pyruvate, end products- CO2 and H2O

2. Write the mechanism of opening and closing of stomata takes place.

Ans: Opening of Stomata:
 During the day, especially in the presence of light, the guard cells take
in water by a process called osmosis.
 This happens because potassium ions (K⁺) actively move into the guard
cells, lowering their water potential.
 Water follows, and the guard cells swell and become turgid and the
stomatal pore open.
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Closing of Stomata:
 At night, or when the plant is losing too much water, potassium ions
move out of the guard cells. Water also moves out, and the guard cells
become flaccid.This causes the stomata to close, conserving water.
3. Why do fishes die when taken out of water?
Ans: Fishes respire with the help of gills. Gills are richly supplied with blood
capillaries and can readily absorb oxygen dissolved in water. Since fishes
cannot absorb gaseous oxygen from the atmosphere they die soon after
they are taken out of water.
4. What are the adaptations of leaf for photosynthesis?
Ans: (i) Leaves provide large surface area for maximum light absorption.
(ii) Leaves are arranged at right angles to the light source in a way that
causes overlapping.
(iii) The extensive network of veins enables quick transport of substances
to and from the mesophyll cells.
(iv) Presence of numerous stomata for gaseous exchange.
(v) The chloroplasts are more in number on the upper surface of leaves to
absorb more light energy.

5. Explain the importance of soil for plant growth.

Ans: Materials required for plant growth are obtained from soil, e.g. Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, other minerals and water. They have to be transported to
long distances depending upon the size of the plants. Xylem moves
water and minerals from soil to aerial parts. Soil also helps in anchoring
plant, availability of oxygen for respiration of root cells and symbiotic
association with microbes.
6. Name the biochemical processes that are (a) exothermic (b) endothermic
Also, mention the reason and write their biochemical reactions.

Ans: (a) Exothermic Processes

These release energy, usually in the form of heat or ATP.

Process Reason
Cellular respiration
Glucose is broken down to CO₂ and H₂O, releasing
(especially aerobic
energy stored in chemical bonds
respiration)

It involves the breaking down of complex food

Digestion molecules into simpler ones. This process releases
energy.
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(b) Endothermic Processes

Light energy is absorbed to convert CO₂ and H₂O into

Photosynthesis
glucose and O₂.

It requires energy input. This means energy is

Formation of
absorbed by the system during the process of creating
ATP from ADP
ATP.

7. Explain mechanical digestion in human being.

Ans: Mechanical digestion in humans is the physical breakdown of food into

smaller pieces, primarily through chewing in the mouth and mixing in the
stomach.
Mastication (Chewing): Teeth, including incisors for cutting and molars for
grinding, are used to break down food into smaller pieces in the mouth. This
process, known as mastication, increases the surface area of the food,
preparing it for chemical digestion.

Swallowing and Peristalsis: The bolus (chewed food mixed with saliva) is then
swallowed and propelled through the esophagus by peristaltic waves, which
are rhythmic contractions of the smooth muscle lining the digestive tract.

Stomach Churning and Mixing: In the stomach, powerful muscular

contractions, also involving peristalsis, mix the food with gastric juices,
further breaking down the food into a semi-fluid mixture called chyme.

Small Intestine: The small intestine continues the mechanical process

through segmentation contractions, which mix the chyme with digestive
juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine.

8. Mention the purpose of Mechanical Digestion.

Ans: This physical breakdown of food enhances chemical digestion by

increasing the surface area available for enzymes to act upon. This efficient
breakdown is crucial for the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

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