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Computer Networksuniversity - Part 6

The document discusses the transport layer of computer networks, highlighting its responsibilities and the two main protocols: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). TCP provides reliable, ordered delivery with congestion and flow control, while UDP offers faster, connectionless communication with minimal overhead. Additionally, it covers congestion control methods used by TCP to manage data flow and prevent network congestion.

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4 views15 pages

Computer Networksuniversity - Part 6

The document discusses the transport layer of computer networks, highlighting its responsibilities and the two main protocols: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). TCP provides reliable, ordered delivery with congestion and flow control, while UDP offers faster, connectionless communication with minimal overhead. Additionally, it covers congestion control methods used by TCP to manage data flow and prevent network congestion.

Uploaded by

jacksafahi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER NETWORKS

– PART 6
University Of Kurdistan
Dept. Of Engineering (Computer Group)
By: Khatereh Ahmadi
Khahmadi.uok@gmail.com
TRANSPORT LAYER
TRANSPORT LAYER
➢ Responsibilities of the transport layer

➢ Transport layer’s main protocols:


▪ Connection-oriented transport: TCP

▪ Connectionless transport: UDP

➢ Congestion Control

1
TRANSPORT LAYER
Provides logical communication between
application processes running on
different hosts .

▪ two transport protocols available to


Internet applications:
▪ TCP, UDP

121
TRANSPORT LAYER VS. NETWORK LAYER
Network layer services work as Host-to-Host protocols and can transfer
a data packet from the source host to the destination host.
While transport layer protocols are Port to Port Protocols and work at a higher
level.

3
TRANSPORT LAYER
TWO PRINCIPAL INTERNET TRANSPORT PROTOCOLS

▪TCP: Transmission Control Protocol


• reliable, in-order delivery
• congestion control
• flow control
• connection setup
▪UDP: User Datagram Protocol
• unreliable, unordered delivery
• Error control

4
TRANSPORT LAYER
PROTOCOLS
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
➢ A connectionless protocol.
➢ UDP is used when reliability and security are of little importance
UDP segment (User Datagram) Format

5
TRANSPORT LAYER
PROTOCOLS
UDP key features
▪ Speed: UDP is faster than TCP because it has minimal error-checking and no
connection establishment.

▪ Low Overhead: UDP has a smaller header size (8 bytes) compared to TCP
(20-60 bytes), making it lightweight.

▪ Broadcast and Multicast: Supports broadcasting and multicasting, making it


efficient for scenarios where data needs to be sent to multiple recipients.

▪ Applications: Commonly used for DNS queries, video streaming, online


gaming, and network monitoring
6
TRANSPORT LAYER
PROTOCOLS
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
➢ TCP is used when reliability and security are more important than
speed
TCP segment format

7
TRANSPORT LAYER
PROTOCOLS
TCP key features
➢Reliability: TCP guarantees the delivery of data packets in the correct order.
If any packets are lost, TCP will retransmit them.
➢ Flow Control: TCP manages the rate of data transmission to prevent
network congestion.
➢ Multiplexing: TCP protocol delivers packets to applications using logical
channels, referred to as "ports".
➢Full duplex: The TCP protocol provides a full duplex service.

8
TRANSPORT LAYER
Congestion Control
A method used by the TCP protocol to manage data flow over a network
and prevent congestion.

Congestion policy in TCP


➢ Slow start phase
➢ Congestion avoidance phase
➢ Congestion detection phase

9
TRANSPORT LAYER

1. Slow Start 2.Congestion avoidance

10
TRANSPORT LAYER
3. Congestion detection: two cases
3.1. Retransmission due to Timeout

3.2. Retransmission due to 3 Ack duplicates

11
TRANSPORT LAYER
Example
Assume a TCP protocol experiencing the behavior of slow start. At the 5th
transmission round with a threshold (ssthresh) value of 32.

➢ At the 10th transmission round, 3 duplicate ACKs are received by the

receiver.

➢Timeout occurs at the 16th transmission round.

11
TRANSPORT LAYER
PROTOCOLS
Example

12

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