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Azure 3

The document outlines troubleshooting steps for system performance issues, WSUS update problems, and Active Directory management. It explains key concepts such as Group Policy, backup and restore processes for Active Directory, and the importance of FSMO roles. Additionally, it covers DNS management, DHCP functionality, patch management, VPNs, and user profile migration.

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Mariusz Brzoza
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7 views4 pages

Azure 3

The document outlines troubleshooting steps for system performance issues, WSUS update problems, and Active Directory management. It explains key concepts such as Group Policy, backup and restore processes for Active Directory, and the importance of FSMO roles. Additionally, it covers DNS management, DHCP functionality, patch management, VPNs, and user profile migration.

Uploaded by

Mariusz Brzoza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q: A user reports that their system is running slowly after a recent update.

What steps
would you take to diagnose and resolve this issue?**
Answer:
- **Check Task Manager** to identify any processes consuming high CPU, memory, or disk
usage.
- **Review update history** to see if any updates were recently installed that could be
causing the issue.
- **Run the Performance Troubleshooter** in Windows.
- **Update drivers** for hardware components, as outdated drivers can cause
performance issues after an update.
- **Clean up disk space** by removing temporary files and unnecessary applications.
- **Check Event Viewer** for any errors or warnings related to the system performance.

Q:A user's computer is not receiving updates from WSUS. How would you troubleshoot this
issue?**
Answer:
- **Verify the WSUS server address** is correctly configured on the client machine:
```shell
reg query
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate"
```
- **Ensure the client machine is in the correct OU** in Active Directory and receiving the
appropriate Group Policy.
- **Run the Windows Update Troubleshooter**.
- **Check the Windows Update log** for errors:
```shell
Get-WindowsUpdateLog
```
- **Reset Windows Update components** as previously described.
- **Force a policy update and check for updates** again:
```shell
gpupdate /force
wuauclt /detectnow /reportnow

1. **Explain Active Directory (AD) and its main components.**


The main components of AD
- **Domain Controllers:** Servers that host AD services and store directory data.
- **Organizational Units (OUs):** Containers within a domain that can hold users,
groups, and computers, helping to organize resources and apply policies.
- **Groups:** Collections of users, computers, or other groups, primarily used for
assigning permissions.
- **Forest:** The top-level container in an AD infrastructure that contains one or
more domains.
- **Schema:** Defines objects and their attributes within AD.
- **Global Catalog:** A distributed data repository that contains a searchable,
partial representation of every object in every domain in a multi-domain AD
environment.

### 2. **What is the purpose of Group Policy in Windows Server?**


**Answer:** Group Policy is used to control the working environment of user
accounts and computer accounts. It provides centralized management and
configuration of operating systems, applications, and users' settings. Group Policy is
primarily used to enhance security and manage various settings across a network
efficiently.

### 3. **How do you backup and restore Active Directory?**


**Answer:** To backup Active Directory, you typically use Windows Server Backup.
You can perform a system state backup which includes AD database, SYSVOL,
registry, and other critical system components. To restore AD, you can use the
backup taken and perform a restore operation using Windows Server Backup. In
case of a significant failure, you may need to perform an authoritative or non-
authoritative restore.

### 4. **Explain the difference between authoritative and non-authoritative


restore.**
**Answer:**
- **Authoritative Restore:** Used when you need to restore specific AD objects
(such as users, groups, or entire OUs) to a previous state and ensure that these
restored objects are replicated to all other domain controllers. This is done using
the `ntdsutil` tool.
- **Non-Authoritative Restore:** Used to restore the AD database to the state it was
in when the last backup was taken. After a non-authoritative restore, the domain
controller will receive updates from other domain controllers to bring it up-to-date.

### 5. **What are FSMO roles and why are they important?**
**Answer:** FSMO (Flexible Single Master Operations) roles are specialized domain
controller tasks in an AD environment. They are:
- **Schema Master:** Controls all updates and modifications to the schema.
- **Domain Naming Master:** Responsible for changes to the forest-wide domain
name space.
- **RID Master:** Allocates pools of RIDs (Relative Identifiers) to domain controllers
for creating objects.
- **PDC Emulator:** Acts as a primary domain controller, managing password
changes and time synchronization.
- **Infrastructure Master:Maintains references to objects in other domain
->Continue
2.
### 6. **How do you manage and troubleshoot DNS issues in a Windows
environment?**
**Answer:** Managing DNS involves ensuring that DNS records are correctly
configured and maintained. Tools such as `nslookup`, `ipconfig /flushdns`, and
`dnscmd` are often used for troubleshooting. Common issues include
misconfigured DNS servers, stale DNS records, or network connectivity problems.
Reviewing event logs, checking for DNS replication issues, and verifying the integrity
of DNS zones are typical steps in troubleshooting.

### 7. **What is DHCP and how does it work?**


**Answer:** Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network
management protocol used to automate the process of configuring devices on IP
networks. It assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters
dynamically to each device on a network, so they can communicate efficiently.
DHCP works through a four-step process:
- **Discover:** The client broadcasts a DHCP discovery message to find available
servers.
Offer:DHCP servers respond with an offer message containing an IP address.
Request:The client responds to the offer it prefers with a request message.
Acknowledge:The selected DHCP server sends an acknowledgment, finalizing the
lease and configuration.
8.How do you handle patch management in a Windows environment?
**Answer:** Patch management involves deploying updates and patches to
systems to ensure security and stability. Tools like Windows Server Update Services
(WSUS) or System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) are commonly used. The
process includes:
Identifying required patches:Regularly scanning systems to detect missing patches.
Testing patches:Applying patches in a controlled environment to ensure they do not
cause issues.
Deploying patches:Rolling out tested patches to production systems.
Monitoring and reporting:Ensuring patches are applied successfully and monitoring
systems for any issues post-deployment.
9.What is a VPN and how does it work?Answer:A Virtual Private Network (VPN)
extends a private network across a public network, allowing users to send and
receive data as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private
network. VPNs provide secure, encrypted connections over the internet. VPN
protocols include PPTP, L2TP/IPsec, and SSL/TLS.
10.Describe the process of migrating a user profile to a new computer.**
Answer:Migrating a user profile involves transferring the user's data, settings, and
preferences to a new computer. Tools like Windows Easy Transfer (for older
versions) or User State Migration Tool (USMT) are used. The process includes:
Backing up the user profile:Using USMT, capture the user state and store it in a safe
location.
Transferring the profile:Set up the new computer and use USMT to restore the user
state.
Verifying the migration:Ensure all data, settings, and applications have been
correctly transferred and are functional on the new machine

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