#1).

What is o/p of 1:3 + rep(seq(from=21,by=10,to=91), each=4)

result <- c(1:3, rep(seq(from = 21, by = 10, to = 91), each = 4))

print(result)

#2). Write R code to implement to generate the sequence 1,2,0,4,5,0,7,8,0,10,11,0,

…….49,50
sequence <- c(seq(1, 50, by = 3), rep(0, 2))
print(sequence)

#3.Write R code for the following problem: Create a 2x3 matrix M using R
programming with following speci€cations. Values of the matrix should be randomly
selected between 10 and 30. Elements of the matrix should be arranged in row order.
# Set seed for reproducibility
set.seed(123)

# (a) Create a 2x3 matrix M with values randomly selected between 10 and 30
M <- matrix(sample(10:30, 2*3, replace = TRUE), nrow = 2, byrow = TRUE)
rownames(M) <- c("row1", "row2")
colnames(M) <- c("col1", "col2", "col3")
print("Matrix M:")
print(M)

V <- c(25, 15, 20)

M <- rbind(M, V)
print("Matrix M with vector V added as the third row:")
print(M)

# (b) Access the elements of the matrix using row names and column names
print("Accessing elements using row and column names:")
print(paste("Element at row1, col2:", M["row1", "col2"]))
print(paste("Element at row2, col3:", M["row2", "col3"]))

# (c) Access the element at 2nd column and 4th row

print(paste("Element at 2nd column and 4th row:", M[4, 2]))

# (d) Access only the 3rd row

print("Accessing only the 3rd row:")
print(M[3, ])

# (e) Access only the 2nd column

print("Accessing only the 2nd column:")
print(M[, "col2"])

#4). convert ”is is a fun sentence” to ”is is a great sentence” using gsub in R.
original_string <- "is is a fun sentence"
modified_string <- gsub("fun", "great", original_string)
print(modified_string)

#5). Find Lagged Differences Between Consecutive Elements

vector <- c(3, 7, 11, 15, 19)
lagged_diff <- diff(vector)
print(lagged_diff)

#6). Find Lagged Differences Between Non Consecutive Elements

vector <- c(3, 7, 11, 15, 19)
lagged_diff <- diff(vector,lag=2)
print(lagged_diff)
#7). Write an R program to and the third largest element in a vector
vector <- c(12, 5, 19, 8, 25, 15)
sorted_vector <- sort(vector, decreasing = TRUE)
third_largest <- sorted_vector[3]
print(third_largest)

#8). Write R Program to concatenate the following strings str1=”All the

bset” ,str2=”for”, str3=”mid exam”.
str1 <- "All the best"
str2 <- "for"
str3 <- "mid exam"
result <- paste(str1, str2, str3)
print(result)

#9). write R program to print factorial of a given number using function

factorial <- function(n) {
if (n == 0 || n == 1) {
return(1)
} else {
return(n * factorial(n - 1))
}
}
number <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter a number to calculate its factorial:
"))

cat("Factorial of", number, "is:", factorial(number))

#10). Write R Program to concatenate the following strings str1=”All the

bset” ,str2=”for”, str3=”mid exam” and replace ”mid” with ”semester”
str1 <- "All the best"
str2 <- "for"
str3 <- "mid exam"

concatenated_string <- paste(str1, str2, str3)

final_string <- gsub("mid", "semester", concatenated_string)
print(final_string)

#11. Write a R Program to print the sum of the series 1+11+111+1111+11111+…..

calculate_series_sum <- function(num_terms) {

sum_series <- 0
current_term <- 1

for (i in 1:num_terms) {
sum_series <- sum_series + current_term
current_term <- current_term * 10 + 1
}
return(sum_series)
}

num_terms <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter the number of terms in the series:

"))

result <- calculate_series_sum(num_terms)

print(result)

#12). Write a R Program to print all the perfect numbers in a given Range using
functions.
is_perfect <- function(num) {
sum_of_divisors <- sum(which(num %% 1:(num-1) == 0))
return(sum_of_divisors == num)
}

find_perfect_numbers <- function(start, end) {

perfect_numbers <- c()
for (i in start:end) {
if (is_perfect(i)) {
perfect_numbers <- c(perfect_numbers, i)
}
}
return(perfect_numbers)
}

start_range <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter the start of the range: "))

end_range <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter the end of the range: "))

perfect_numbers_in_range <- find_perfect_numbers(start_range, end_range)

if (length(perfect_numbers_in_range) > 0) {
cat("Perfect numbers in the range", start_range, "to", end_range, "are:",
perfect_numbers_in_range)
} else {
cat("No perfect numbers found in the range", start_range, "to", end_range)
}

#13. For a given vector x < −c(1, 2, 2, 5, 5, 6) extract duplicate elements.

x <- c(1, 2, 2, 5, 5, 6)
duplicates <- x[duplicated(x)]
print(duplicates)

#14. For a given vector x < −c(1, 2, 2, 5, 5, 6) write R command to drop duplicate
elements.
x <- c(1, 2, 2, 5, 5, 6)
unique_elements <- unique(x)
print(unique_elements)

#15. For a given vector y < −c(1, 2, 3, NA) write R command to and the missing
valuesin Y.
y <- c(1, 2, 3, NA)
missing_values <- y[is.na(y)]
print(missing_values)

#16. for a given vector z < −c(15, 20, 32, 45, 59) write R command to recode the
values less than 32 in Z with 99 and the value 32 with NA.
z <- c(15, 20, 32, 45, 59)
z[z < 32] <- 99
z[z == 32] <- NA
print(z)

#17. Write an R program to create a 4 by 4 integer matrix and print the elements in
a matrix that are divisible by 3.
matrix <- matrix(c(1:16), nrow = 4, byrow = TRUE)

cat("Original Matrix:\n")
print(matrix)

# Print the elements divisible by 3

cat("\nElements divisible by 3:\n")
for (i in 1:nrow(matrix)) {
for (j in 1:ncol(matrix)) {
if (matrix[i, j] %% 3 == 0) {
cat(matrix[i, j], "\t")
} else {
cat(" ")
}
}
}

#18. Write R program to solve system of linear equations x + 2y + 3z = 20, 2x + 2y

+ 3z = 100 and 3x + 2y + 8z = 200
m1<-rbind(c(1,2,3),c(2,2,3,),c(3,2,8))
d<-c(20,100,200)
solve(m1,d)

#19. Write R program to add zeros at starting and ending of a numeric vector
num <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
paste0(0,num,0)

#20. Write R program to generate 40 random variables, uniformly distributed between

-1 and 1.
random_variables <- runif(40, min = -1, max = 1)
print(random_variables)

#21. write R program to remove white spaces in a character vector

char <- c("apple ", " banana", " orange ", " grape ")
print(char)

no_space<- gsub("\\s+", "", char)

print(no_space)

#22. Write R program to count number of words in string.

input_string <- readline(prompt = "Enter a string: ")
words <- strsplit(input_string, "\\s+")[[1]]
num_words <- length(words)
print(num_words)

#23. Write R program to print todays system date.

print(Sys.Date())

#24. write R code for the given problem Assuming students having roll numbers in a
particular class from 1 to 60.The roll numbers of students who are absent for a
particular class on wednesday are
1,2,8,9,11,13,14,17,20,22,24,25,26,29,32,36,45,47,49,50,53,54,58. print the roll
numbers who are present
absent_roll_numbers <- c(1, 2, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 29, 32,
36, 45, 47, 49, 50, 53, 54, 58)
all_roll_numbers <- 1:60
present_roll_numbers <- all_roll_numbers[!all_roll_numbers %in%
absent_roll_numbers]
print(present_roll_numbers)

#25. generate the sequence of fractions

limit <- 21
fractions <- numeric()
for (i in seq(1, limit, by = 2)) {
fractions <- c(fractions, 1, 1/i)
}
print(fractions)+

#26. Write R program to generate first 30 prime numbers.

is_prime <- function(n) {
if (n <= 1) {
return(FALSE)
}
for (i in 2:sqrt(n)) {
if (n %% i == 0) {
return(FALSE)
}
}
return(TRUE)
}

prime_numbers <- numeric(30)

count <- 0
i <- 2
while (count < 30) {
if (is_prime(i)) {
count <- count + 1
prime_numbers[count] <- i
}
i <- i + 1
}

print(prime_numbers)

#27. consider the following Data x < −c(2, 2, 6, 7, 8, 6) write R commands for the
following.
x <- c(2, 2, 6, 7, 8, 6)

# (a) Find the indexes of duplicate elements

indexes_of_duplicates <- which(duplicated(x))
print(indexes_of_duplicates)

# (b) Extract duplicate elements in x

duplicate_elements <- x[duplicated(x)]
print(duplicate_elements)

# (c) Extract unique elements in x

unique_elements <- unique(x)
print(unique_elements)

#28. write R code snippets for the following

#(a) Generate sequence of 1 to 10 and append 100 afer 5th item
seq <- 1:10
seq1 <- append(seq, 100, after = 4)
print(seq1)

#(b) create a vector with 10 values and sort them in ascending and descending
order.
vector <- c(5, 2, 9, 3, 7, 1, 8, 4, 10, 6)
ascend <- sort(vector)
descend <- sort(vector, decreasing = TRUE)
print("Sorted in ascending order:")
print(ascend)
print("Sorted in descending order:")
print(descend)

# (c) Add number 7 to a v < −c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

v <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
v1 <- c(v, 7)
print(v1)

#29. consider the following vector x < −c(10, 11, 12, NA, 14, 15, 16, NA, 18, NA,
19) Write R commands for the following
# Given vector
x <- c(10, 11, 12, NA, 14, 15, 16, NA, 18, NA, 19)

# (a) Find the size of a vector and find whether it is a vector or not
vector_size <- length(x)
is_vector <- is.vector(x)

print(paste("Size of the vector:", vector_size))

print(paste("Is it a vector?", is_vector))

# (b) Count the number of 'NA' values

num_na_values <- sum(is.na(x))

print(paste("Number of 'NA' values:", num_na_values))

# (c) Replace all the missing values with Mean of remaining values and print the
updated vector
x_no_na <- x[!is.na(x)] # Extract non-NA values
mean_value <- mean(x_no_na, na.rm = TRUE)
x_updated <- ifelse(is.na(x), mean_value, x)

print("Updated vector:")
print(x_updated)