ROBBCO

12610 N. FM. 400 – IDALOU, TX. 79329

(806) 749-7475

SECTION 8 ENGINEERING INDEX

TITLE PAGE

FORMULAS 1
CONVERSION TABLES 3
DEFININITIONS AND UNITS 5
LINESHAFT VERTICAL TURBINE-DEFINITIONS 9
STANDARD NOMENCLATURE 14
OPEN LINESHAFT PUMP (PARTS DETAIL) 18
ENCLOSED LINESHAFT PUMP (PARTS DETAIL) 19
MATERIAL TABULATION SUMMARY 20
STANDARD & CUSTOM CONSTRUCTION 21
PERFORMANCE CORRECTION FOR VARIOUS MATERIAL ASSEMBLIES 22
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION FOR PUMPING CARIOUS LIQUIDS 23
DISCHARGE HEAD LOSS TABLE 28
DISCHARGE HEAD LOSS CHART 29
HEAD LOSS CHART TYPE “VC” ASSEMBLIES 30
HEAD LOSS CHART FOR 90* ASSEMBLIES 31
PUMP BARREL SIZE SELECTION 32
COLUMN FRICTION LOSS TABLES 33
COLUMN FRICTION LOSS CHART 34
HEAD LOSS CHART FOR STANDARD PIPE 35
DIAMETERS & WEIGHT STANDARD DISCHARGE COLUMN PIPE 35
PIPE FRICTION LOSS TABLES 36
PIPE FRICTION LOSS TABLES – PLASTIC 43
OIL AND PRODUCT LUBRICATED BOWL ASSEMBLIES DATA 44
PUMP BOWL ASSEMBLY MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PRESSURES 45
MINIMUM SUBMERGENCE REQUIRED FOR VORTEX SUPPRESSION 46
LINESHAFT MECHANICAL FRICTION TABLE 47
LINESHAFT MECHANICAL FRICTION CHART 48
LINESHAFT SELECTION 49
THRUST LOADS & SHAFT ELONGATION 50
THRUST LOADS & SHAFT ELONGATION CHART 51
 Engineering Information
Formulas Page 1 Date: 03-07

A = Area in Square Inches N = Speed in rpm

BBL = Barrel (42 gallons) N = Specific Speed
s
bhp = Brake Horsepower P = Pounds per Square Inch
C = Specific Heat Q = Capacity in gpm
cfs = Cubic Feet per Second S = Suction Specific Speed in rpm
D = Impeller Diameter in Inches SpGr. = Specific Gravity
= Pump efficiency in Decimal = Temperature in Degrees
e t
Fahrenheit
= 32.16 Feet per Sec. per Sec. = Torque in Foot Pounds
g T
(Acceleration of Gravity)
= Gallons per Minute = Temperature Rise in Degrees
gpm t r Fahrenheit
= Total Head in Feet = Peripheral Velocity in Feet per
H U
Sec.
H sv
= Net Positive Suction Head in Feet V = Velocity in Feet per Second

h = Velocity Head in Feet whp = Water Horsepower

v

mgd = Million Gallons per Day whp = QxHxSp .Gr .

3960
= .07 x Boiler HP = QxHxSp .Gr .
gpm bhp
(Boiler Feed make up rate) 3960 xe

gpm = 449 x cfs bhp = QxP

1715 xe

gpm = 0.0292 x BBL/Day T = bhpx5250

N
= 0.7 x BBL/Hour = N
N Q Hx Q
gpm N s =
H 3
4 H
= 4.4 x Cu. Meters/hour = N
N Q Hx Q
gpm S =
h 3
sv 4 h sv

= Lbs. per.Hour = H ( 1e − 1)
gpm
500 xSp.Gr. t r
780 xC
= Px 2.31
H
Sp.Gr
= Qx.321
V
A
= Diameter (inches) xN
U
229
= V
2

h v
2 g
 Engineering Information
Formulas PAGE 2 DATE: 03-07

Water Horsepower = G . P . M . X 8.33 XHead

= G. P.M . xHead
33000 3960

G.P.M. = Gallons Per Minute

8.33 = Pounds of water per gallon
33,000 = Ft. – Lbs. Per Min. in one horsepower
Head = Difference in energy head at the two levels in feet
(usually field head)

Brake Horsepower = G . P . M . xHead

+ shaft loss + thr. brg. loss
3960 xeff .

G.P.M. = Gallons per Minute

Head = Total Pumping head including column loss
Eff. = Laboratory efficiency of pump bowls
Shaft Loss = HP loss due to line shaft friction in bearing journals
Thrust Bearing Loss = HP loss due to unbalanced hydraulic thrust caused by pump

Input Horsepower = B. H . P.
= 4.826 xKxMxR = 1.732746
xExIxPF
Mot . Eff . T

B.H.P. = Brake Horsepower as determined above

Mot.Eff. = Rated Motor Efficiency
K = Power Company Meter Constant
M = Power Company Meter Multiplier, or Ratio of Current and Potential
Transformers connected with meter
R = Revolutions of meter disk
T = Time in Sec. for R
E = Voltage per Leg applied to motor
I = Amperes per Leg applied to motor
PF = Power factor of motor
1.732 = Factor for 3-phase motors. This reduced to 1 for single phase motors.

Pump Field Efficiency = W .H . P.

B.H .P

W.H.P. = Water Horsepower as determined above

Overall Plant Efficiency = W .H . P.

I .H .P.

I.H.P. = Input horsepower as determined above

Velocity Head = V
2

2G

V = Velocity of Water
G = 2
Acceleration due to gravity = 32.2 ft/sec

Kilowatt Input to Motor = .746 x I.H.P. = 1.732 xExIxPF

1000

KW-Hrs. Per 1000 Gallons of Cold Water Pumped = HD .in − ft . x 0.00315

Pumpeff . xMot . Eff .
 Engineering Information
Conversion Tables Page 3 Date: 03-07

UNITS OF PRESSURE & HEAD

UNIT LBS. PER Feet Meters Inches Atmospheres Kilograms

SQUARE Of Of Of Per
INCH Water Water Mercury Sq. C.M.
1 LB PER SQ. INCH 1 2.31 .704 2.04 .0681 .0703
1 FT. OF WATER .433 1 .305 .882 .02947 .0305
1 METER OF WATER 1.421 3.28 1 2.89 .0967 .1
1 INCH OF MERCURY .491 1.134 .3456 1 .0334 .0345
1 ATMOSPHERE (AT SEA LEVEL) 14.70 33.93 10.34 29.92 1 1.033
1 KILOGRAM PER SQ.C.M. 14.22 32.8 10 28.96 .968 1

UNITS OF VOLUME & WEIGHT

UNITS U.S. IMPERIAL CUBIC CUBIC ACRE POUNDS CUBIC LITERS

GALLONS GALLONS INCHES FEET FEET METERS
1 U.S. GALLON 1 .833 231 .1337 .00000307 8.35 .003785 3.785
1 IMPERIAL GALLON 1.201 1 277.4 .1605 .00000369 10.02 .004546 4.546
1 CUBIC INCH .00433 .00360 1 .000579 ----- .0361 ----- .0164
1 CUBIC FOOT 7.48 6.23 1728 1 .0000230 62.4 .02832 28.32
1 ACRE FOOT 325.850 271.335 ----- 43.560 1 ----- 1233.5 -----
1 POUND .120 .0998 27.7 .0160 ----- 1 ----- .454
1 CUBIC METER 264.2 220 61.023 35.314 .000811 2205 1 1000
1 LITER .2642 .220 61.023 .0353 ----- 2.205 ----- 1

UNITS OF AREA

UNITS SQUARE SQUARE SQUARE ACRES SQUARE SQUARE SQUARE HECTARES

INCH FEET YARD MILES CENTIMETER METERS
1 SQUARE INCH 1 .00694 .00077 ----- ----- 6.452 ----- -----
1 SQUARE FOOT 144 1 .111 ----- ----- 929 .0929 -----
1 SQUARE YARD 1296 9 1 .000207 ----- 8361 0.836 -----
1 ACRE ----- 43.560 4840 1 .00156 ----- 4049 0.0405
1 SQUARE MILE ----- 27.9 X 3.097.600 640 1 ----- 2.58 258
10
6
X106
1 SQUARE .155 .001076 ----- ----- ----- 1 .0001 1 X108
CENTIMETER
1 SQUARE METER 1549 10.76 1.196 .000247 ----- 10.000 1 .0001
1 HECTARE ----- 107.639 11.960 2.471 .00386 1X 8 10.000 1
10
 Engineering Information
Conversion Tables Page 4 Date: 03-07

FLOW

UNITS U.S. Gallons Million Cubic ft. per Cubic Meters Liter per
per. min. gallons second per hr. second
per day
1 U.S. GPM 1.0 .001440 .002230 .2270 .0631
1 M.G.D. 694.5 1.0 1.5470 157.73 43.80
1 CU. FT. SEC. 448.8 .646 1.0 101.9 28.32
1 LITER PER SEC. 15.85 .0228 .0353 3.60 1.0

UNITS OF POWER

HORSEPOWER Ft. lbs. Metric B.T.U.

UNITS Watts Kilowatts
per min. H.P. per min.
1 HORSEPOWER 1.0 33.000 746. .746 1.014 42.4
1 fT. LB. PER MINUTE .0000303 1. .0226 .0000226 .0000307 .001285
1 WATT .001340 44.2 1. .001 .001360 .0568
1 KILOWATT 1.341 44.250 1000 1.0 1.360 56.8
1 METRIC H.P. .986 32.550 736. .736 1.0 41.8
(CHEVAL VAPEUR)
1 BTU PER MINUTE .0236 778.4 17.6 .0176 .0239 1.0

Equivalent units are based on density of fresh water from 32 to 62 F.

Equivalent units are based on density of mercury at from 32 to 62 F. – sufficient accuracy.
Each 1000 ft. of ascent decreases pressure about ½ lb / sq. in.
 Definitions and Units Engineering information
Page 5 Date: 03-07

1. VOLUME
Standard Units are the U.S. Gallon, the liter and the cubic meter (= 1000 liters).

2. CAPACITY
Rates of flow are expressed in;
United States gallons per minute, liters per second or cubic meters per second.

3. PRESSURE
Standard units are the pound per square inch, and the bar.
(1 bar = 14.50 p.s.i.).

4. HEAD
Standard units are the foot and the meter. The relation between feet head of liquid and pressure in
pounds per square inch (p.s.i.) is
head in feet = p.s.i. x 144
W where W = specific weight of liquid (lbs per cubic foot)

and between meters and bars is;

10.192
head in meters = bars x specific. gravity .of .liquid

All readings from centrifugal pumps must be converted into head of the liquid pumped.

5. VACUUM
Standard units are inches of mercury, and the bar.
The relation between suction lifts in feet of liquid and in inches of mercury is;
inches .of .mercury . x1.133
lift in feet = specific. gravity

6. SUCTION LIFT
Suction lift exist when the pump centerline is above the free level of the liquid to be pumped. The
effective or total (dynamic) suction lift is the vertical distance from liquid free level to the pump
centerline, plus all friction losses in the suction pipe and fittings, minus the velocity head at pump entry.

This lift as determined on test is the reading of a mercury column or vacuum gauge connected to the
pump suction nozzle, plus the vertical distance between the point of attachment of the mercury column
or vacuum gauge and the pump centerline plus the head of liquid (if any) resting on the mercury column.
 Definitions and Units Engineering Information
Page 6 Date 03-07

7. FLOODED SUCTION
Flooded suction exist when the free level of the liquid to be pumped is above the pump centerline.

8. POSITIVE SUCTION
Positive suction exists when the liquid pressure at the level of the inlet to the pump rotor is above the
external atmospheric pressure.

This requires that the vertical height of the free surface of the liquid to be pumped, above the pump
centerline, plus the head equivalent of any pressure on the liquid free surface, must exceed the sum of
the velocity head at the inlet to the pump and all friction losses in suction pipe and fittings. If, after
deducting the various losses, the suction head is a negative quantity, a condition equivalent to suction lift
applies.

Postive suction, as determined by test, is the reading of a pressure gauge connected to the pump suction
nozzle, minus the vertical distance of the gauge centerline below (or plus its height above) the pump
centerline.

The expression “suction height” or “suction head”, unless expressly stated as positive, should be taken
as denoting suction lift unless the context clearly requires otherwise.

9. TOTAL (DYNAMIC) HEAD

Total (dynamic) head is the vertical distance between the free level of the supply of liquid to be pumped,
and the point of free discharge or (with submerged outlets) the discharge liquid free surface, plus
velocity head and all friction losses.

This head, as determined on test where suction lift exist, is the reading of a mercury column or vacuum
gauge connected to the pump suction nozzle, plus the reading of a pressure gauge connected to the pump
discharge nozzle plus the vertical distance between the point of connection of the mercury column and
the center of the pressure gauge, plus the excess (if any) of the discharge velocity head over the velocity
head at the suction as measured at the point to which the instruments are connected.

As determined on test where positive suction exist, it is the reading of a pressure gauge connected to the
pump discharge nozzle, minus the reading of a pressure gauge connected to the pump suction nozzle,
plus or minus the vertical distance between the gauge centers (according to weather the suction gauge is
below or above the discharge gauge) plus the excess (if any) of the discharge velocity head over the
velocity head at the suction as measured at the point where the instruments are connected.
 Definitions and Units Engineering Information
Page 7 Date 03-07

10. VELOCITY HEAD

Velocity head is the equivalent of the vertical height through which the liquid would require free fall to
acquire the particular velocity.
2

Velocity head H v
= V2 g where V = velocity through the pipe in feet per second
g = acceleration due to gravity

Acceleration due to gravity is 32.2 feet, per second per second or 9.81 meters per second per second,
according to whether the velocity is in feet or in meters.

11. “LIQUID” HORSEPOWER

“Liquid” horsepower is a measure of the useful work done on or by a liquid in a unit of time.
g . p .m. Xp . s .i . g . p .m. ft .hd . Xs . g .
L.h.p. = 1716 ( approx ) = 3960

The constant 3960 being obtained by dividing the number of foot-pounds per one horsepower (33000)
by the weight of one gallon of water (8.33 lbs.).

l / sXbars l / sXmeters.headXspecific . gravity

liquid kW = 8.33 = 10.192

12. BRAKE HORSEPOWER

Brake horsepower is the power input to the pump shaft.

13. EFFICIENCY
Pump efficiency is the ratio of the energy delivered by the pump to the energy supplied to the pump
shaft, i.e., the ratio of the liquid horsepower to the brake horsepower.
L. h. p . L. h. p .
Eff (fraction) = b .h. p . Eff% = b .h. p . x 100

L. h. p .
Hence b.h.p. = efficiency % x 100

14. SPECIFIC GRAVITY OR RELATIVE DENSITY

Specific gravity or relative density of a substance is the ratio of the actual weight of unit volume of the
substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. Specific gravity of a liquid affects the power to
drive the pump, i.e., b.h.p. = (b.h.p. on water) x (specific gravity). If a head is given in pressure units,
e.g., p.s.i. or bars, the specific gravity must be taken into account when converting to head of liquid in
feet or meters.
 Definitions and Units Engineering Information
Page 8 Date 03-07

15. VISCOSITY
Viscosity is the measure of a liquid’s resistance to internal flow.

As regards its effect on pump performance, the operative factor is the kinematic viscosity, the
corresponding unit being the stoke (= 100 centistokes).

16. VAPOR PRESSURE

Vapor pressure of a liquid at a given temperature is the absolute pressure at which the liquid would
vaporize if heat were added to it.

17. NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD

(N.P.S.H.) is defined as the amount of head required above the liquid’s vapor pressure for a centrifugal
pump to fulfill its duty. It is the gauge reading taken at the pump suction in head of liquid and referred
to the pump centerline, minus the vapor pressure (in head of liquid) corresponding to the liquid
temperature, plus the velocity head at the gauge connection point.
 Line shaft Vertical Turbine-Definitions Engineering Information
Page 9 Date: 03-07

1. PUMP COMPLETE
Consisting of a vertical shaft centrifugal or mixed flow pump with rotating impeller and with discharge
from the pumping element coaxial with the shaft. The pumping element is suspended by the conductor
system, which encloses a system of vertical shafting used to transmit power to the impellers the prime
mover being external to the flow system.

2. BOWL ASSEMBLY
The pump bowl assembly is either a single or multistage, centrifugal or mixed-flow vertical pump with
discharge coaxial with the shaft. It has open, semi-open or enclosed impellers. Assemblies are
constructed for use with either open or enclosed line shafts.

3. COLUMN AND SHAFT ASSEMBLY

The column and shaft assembly consists of the column pipe that suspends the pump bowl assembly from
the head assembly and serves as a conductor for the fluid from the pump bowl assembly to the discharge
head. Contained within the column pipe is the line shaft, which transmits the power from the driver to
the pump shaft. The line shaft in maintained in alignment throughout its length by means of bearings
and may be enclosed in a shaft-enclosing tube and generally lubricated with oil or it may be open and
lubricated with the fluid that is being pumped.

4. HEAD ASSEMBLY
The head assembly consists of the driver, the base from which the column and shaft assembly and the
bowl assembly are suspended, and may include the discharge head, which directs the fluid into the
desired piping system.

5. DRIVERS
The driver is the mechanism mounted on the head assembly, which transmits or furnishes the power to
the top shaft. It may contain the means for impeller adjustments and provides a bearing to carry the
thrust load. It may or may not be a prime mover.

5.1.VERTICAL HOLLOW SHAFT MOTOR DRIVE

The vertical hollow-shaft motor drive is an electric motor having a motor shaft that has been bored
on the center of its axis to receive the top shaft of the pump. Impeller and adjustment is made at the
upper end of the motor, and a means to carry the thrust on a bearing within the motor is provided.

5.2.VERTICAL SOLID SHAFT MOTOR DRIVE

The vertical solid-shaft motor drive is an electric motor having a conventional solid shaft coupled to
the top shaft of the pump. The coupling should provide a means for impeller adjustment. The
mechanical and hydraulic thrust of the pump is carried by a thrust bearing in the motor.
 Line Shaft Vertical Turbine-Definitions Engineering Information
Page 10 Date: 03-07

5.3. VERTICAL HOLLOW SHAFT RIGHT ANGLE GEAR DRIVE

The vertical hollow-shaft-right-angle gear drive is a gear mechanism having a shaft that has been bored on the
center of its axis to receive the top shaft of the pump. The horizontal shaft of a gear drive receives its power
from the prime mover and through a pair of bevel gears, transmits it to the top shaft. Impeller adjustment is
made at the upper end of the gear drive, and means to carry the thrust on a bearing within the gear drive is
provided. A vertical solid shaft right-angle gear drive for use with a coupling is also available.

5.4. VERTICAL HOLLOW SHAFT BELTED DRIVE

The vertical hollow-shaft belted drive is a flat or V belt-driven mechanism having a shaft that has been bored
on the center of its axis to receive the top shaft of the pump. Impeller adjustment is made at the upper end of
the belted drive, and a means to carry the thrust on a bearing within the belted drive is provided.

5.5. COMBINATION DRIVE

The combination drive includes a means for operating the pump with two or more prime movers.

6. PUMP DATUM
The datum shall be taken as the elevation of that surface from which the weight of the pump is supported. This is
normally the elevation of the underside of the discharge head or head base plate.

7. PUMP SETTING
The setting is the nominal vertical distance in feet (meters) from the datum to the column pipe connection at the
bowl assembly.

8. STATIC WATER LEVEL

The static water level is the vertical distance in feet (meters) from the datum to the level of the atmospheric
surface while no water is being drawn from the pool.

9. PUMPING WATER LEVEL

The pumping water level is the vertical distance in feet (meters) from the datum to the level of the atmospheric
surface while the specified fluid flow is being drawn from the pool

10. DRAWDOWN
Draw down is the difference in feet (meters) between the pumping water level and the static water level.

11. SPECIFIC YIELD

Specific yield, expressed in US gallons per minute per foot of draw down (liters per second per meter of draw
down) is the rate of flow being pumped from the well divided by the total draw down as measured during the
metered flow rate.

12. CAPACITY
The capacity of the pump is the volume rate of flow, Q, expressed in gpm (liters per second) produced by the
pump, calculated for specified conditions.
 Lineshaft Vertical Turbine-Definitions
Engineering Information
Page 11 Date: 03-07

13. SPEED
The pump speed of rotation is the rate of shaft rotation expressed in revolutions per minute (rpm) or revolutions per
second (rps).

14. HEAD BELOW DATUM

Head below datum is the vertical distance in feet (meters) between the datum and the pumping water level.

15. HEAD ABOVE DATUM (also see item 6)

Head above datum is the head measured above the datum, expressed in feet (meters) of liquid, plus the velocity head
at the point of measurement.

16. VELOCITY HEAD

Velocity head is the equivalent of the vertical height through which the liquid would require free fall to acquire the
particular velocity.
2

Velocity head H v
= v2 g where v = velocity through the pipe in feet per second
g = acceleration due to gravity

Acceleration due to gravity is 32.2 feet, per second per second or 9.81 meters, per second per second, according to
whether the velocity is in feet or in meters.

17. SUCTION HEAD

Suction head (closed system) is the algebraic sum of the pressure in feet (meters) of liquid (measured at the pump
suction connection) and the velocity head at that point. Pump suction connection is that point at which the suction
piping is attached to the pump bowl assembly or its enclosing vessel. Note that a negative suction head will add to
the vertical distance from the datum due to the algebraic subtraction of a negative quantity. Also see suction lift, item
6, “Definitions and Units”.

18. PUMP TOTAL HEAD

Pump total head is the bowl assembly head (see 19) minus the column loss (see 20) and discharge head loss (see 21).
This is the head generally called for in pump specifications.

On open-suction installation, pump total head, H, is the sum of the head below datum and the head above datum.

On closed-suction installations, pump total head, H, is the head above datum, H d

, plus the vertical distance in feet
(meters) from the datum to the pump suction connection minus the suction head, H s
.

19. BOWL ASSEMBLY HEAD

Bowl assembly head is the energy imparted to the liquid by the pump bowl assembly, expressed in feet (meters) of
liquid. It is the head developed at the discharge connection of the bowl assembly and is an integral multiple of the
head per stage as shown on the catalog-rating chart, depending on the number of stages in the bowl assembly.
 Lineshaft Vertical Turbine-Definitaions Engineering Information
Page 12 Date: 03-07

20. COLUMN LOSS

The column loss is the value of the head loss, expressed in feet (meters) caused by the flow friction in the
column pipe. see Column Friction Loss Table 3, page 33 or fig. 6 page 34.

21. DISCHARGE HEAD LOSS

Discharge head loss is the value of the head loss, expressed in feet (meters), caused by the flow friction in
the discharge head assembly. see Discharge Head Loss Table 2, page 28 or Fig. 3, page 29.

22. LINESHAFT LOSS

The line shaft is the power, expressed in horsepower, KW, required due to the rotation friction of the line
shaft. See Mechanical Friction Table 5, page 47 or Fig. 8 page 48. This value is added to the bowl
assembly input (see 23) to predict the pump input (see 24).

23. BOWL ASSEMBLY POWER INPUT

Bowl assembly power input is the power delivered to the bowl assembly shaft, expressed in horsepower,
KW.

24. PUMP POWER INPUT

Pump power input is the power delivered to the top shaft by the driver, expressed in horsepower, KW.

25. DRIVER POWER INPUT

Driver power input is the power input to the driver, expressed in horsepower, KW.

26. PUMP POWER OUTPUT

Pump power output which is the total output of all the bowl and impeller assemblies in the pump (two or
QxH
more stages) and is defined as 3960 for water having a specific weight of 62.4 lb. per cubic foot (relative
density of 1.0). It is expressed in horsepower (hp x 0.746 = KW) when Q is in gallons per minute and H is
in feet of water.

27. BOWL POWER OUTPUT

Qx
Bowl power output which is the output of a single bowl and impeller assembly (single stage) and is defined as 3960 H1
for water having a specific weight of 62.4 lb. per cubic foot (relative density of 1.0). It is expressed in horsepower
(hp x 0.746 = KW) when Q is in gallons per minute and h is in feet of water.

28. PUMP EFFICIENCY

Pump efficiency is a ratio of pump power output to pump power input, expressed in per cent.

29. OVERALL EFFICIENCY

Overall efficiency is a ratio of pump power output to prime mover power input, expressed in per cent.
 Lineshaft Vertical Turbine-Definitions Engineering Information
Page 13 Date: 03-07

30. DRIVER EFFICIENCY

Driver efficiency is the ratio of the driver power output to the drive power input, expressed in per cent.

31. BOWL ASSEMBLY EFFICIENCY

Bowl assembly efficiency is a ratio of the bowl assembly output tothe bowl assembly input, expressed in
per cent. This is the efficiency that is shown on the VALLEY PUMP GROUP lineshaft turbine pump
performance curves.

LINESHAFT VERTICAL TURBINE-SYMBOLS

H = Pump Total Head

Hb = Head Below Datum (14)

H d
= Head Above Datum (15)

H v
= Velocity Head (16)

H s
= Suction Head (17)

H l
= Bowl Assembly Head (19)

H c
= Column Loss (20)

H e
= Discharge Head Loss (21)

H L
= Line Shaft Loss (22)

E p
= Pump Efficiency (28)
E = Overall Efficiency (29)
Eg = Driver Efficiency (30)

E l
= Bowl Assembly Efficiency (31)
 Standard Nomenciature Engineering Information
Page 14 Date: 03-07

TABLE 1 (see figures 1 and 2)

PART TYPICAL ASTM

NAME OF PART FUNCTION OF PART
NO. MATERIAL DESIGNATION
Means of adjusting impellers
B145 ALY836
1 Top shaft adjusting nut Bronze Steel vertically by raising or lowering
A108 GR B1113
shaft.
A108 Gr 1018 Locks adjusting nut in place so that
Adjusting nut lock
2 Steel Gr B1113 adjustment cannot change while
screw
Gr 1213 pump is in operation.
3 Top drive coupling Part of motor ----- Couples top shaft with motor rotor.
Key for top drive Keys tops shaft to top drive
4 Steel A108
coupling coupling
5 Motor ----- ----- Drive pump.
Keeps packing box leakage from
6 Water slinger Steel Rubber A108 Gr B1113 shooting directly into hollow shaft
of motor or driver unit.
Cast Iron Supports driver and pump column;
7 Surface discharge head A48 Class 30
Steel discharge water from pump column.
Stuffing box studs & Corrosion Fastened in stuffing box to adjust
8 -----
hexagonal nuts resistant steel stuffing box gland.
Compresses & holds packing in
9 Stuffing box gland Bronze B145 ALY836
place
Stuffing box Conduct grease to packing &
10 Steel Copper -----
lubrication fittings journal bearing
Rubber Placed under seat of packing
11 Stuffing box gasket -----
Vellumoid containers to prevent leakage.
Conduct water to keep water-
Commercial
12 Prelubrication fittings ----- lubricated bearings wet during
item
starting cycle.
A276 Type 304 Sleeve operating within packed area
Top shaft Sleeve
13 Stnls. Stl. Type 410 in top shaft on open lineshaft
(available option)
Type 416 pumps.
Plate or casting that supports
Cast Iron A48 Class 30 discharge head & may become
14 Head base plate
Steel A36 permanent part of foundation after
initial installation.

*Reprinted in large part from ANSI/AWWA E101-77, American National Standard for Vertical Turbine Pumps –Line Shaft and Submersible Types, by permission.
Copyright 1977, the American Water Works Association.
 Standard Nomenclature Engineering Information
Page 15 Date 03-07

PART TYPICAL ASTM

NAME OF PART FUNCTION OF PART
NO. MATERIAL DESIGNATION
Flexible material that can be
Graphite
compressed by stuffing box to
15 Packing impregnated -----
prevent leakage of fluid being
asbestos
pumped.
Stabilizes drive shaft & reduces
16 Stuffing box bushing Bronze B145, B144
leakage to the packing.
17 Stuffing box Cast Iron A48 Class 30 Guides shaft & holds packing.
Top column flange Rubber
18 ----- Seals joint between flange faces.
gasket Vellumoid
Cast Iron A48 Class 30
19 Top column flange Couples column to discharge head.
Steel A36
Cast Iron A38 Class 30
20 Top column lock ring Locks top column pipe.
Steel A36
Oil lubricated
A108 Gr 1045
Stnls. stl. Coupled to lineshaft; connects latter
21 Top shaft Water lubric.
Steel to driver.
A276 Type 410
Type 416
A53 Gr A First section of column pipe below
22 Top column pipe Steel
A120 discharge
Used to join all sections of
23 Lineshaft coupling Steel A108 Gr 1045
lineshafting throughout unit
Those sections of lineshafting
24 Line shaft Steel A108 Gr 1045
between top shaft & pump shaft.
25 Column pipe coupling Steel A108 Gr 1020 Couples sections of column pipe.
Used to support line shaft bearing;
Open lineshaft bearing B145 ALY836
26 Bronze generally located at end of each
retainer ALY844
section of column pipe.
Bearing held in bearing retainer to
27 Open lineshaft bearing Rubber -----
guide line shafting of pump.
Column pipe between top column
A53 Gr A
28 Column pipe Steel & bottom column pipe; usually
A120
made of standard steel pipe.
A276 Type 302
Open lineshaft sleeve
Type 304 Sleeve operating as journal for
29 (chrome journals- Stnls. Stl.
Type 410 bearings.
optional)
Type 416
 Standard Nomenclature Engineering Information
Page 16 Date: 03-07

PART TYPICAL ASTM

NAME OF PART FUNCTION OF PART
NO. MATERIAL DESIGNATION
First section of column immediately
30 Bottom column pipe Steel A53 Gr A above discharge case or discharge
bowl.
Bowl assembly shaft A108 Gr 1144 Connects bottom shaft to bowl
31 Steel
coupling Gr 1213 assembly shaft.
A276 Type 410 supports impellers; coupled to
32 Bowl assembly shaft Stnls. Stl.
Type 416 lineshaft.
Receives flow from top bowl &
33 Discharge case Cast Iron A48 Class 30
guides it to pump column.
Supports pump shaft existing
34 Discharge case cap Bronze B145, B144
discharge case.
Supports portion of bowl assembly
35 Discharge case bearing Bronze B145, B144
shaft.
Intermediate bowl Supports portion of bowl assembly
36 Rubber Bronze B145, B144
bearing shaft.
Guides flow received from impeller
37 Intermediate bowl Cast Iron A48 Class 30
to next impeller above.
Pumping element; receives water &
Cast Iron A48 Class 30
38 Impeller impels it centrifugally to bowl
Bronze B145
passage.
A108 Gr B1113
39 Impeller lock collet Steel Gr 1020 Locks impeller to shaft
Gr 1213
Receives water from suction pipe;
40 Suction Case Cast Iron A48 Class 30
guides to first impeller.
Prevents sand from entering
41 Sand collar Bronze B145, B144
bearings.
Supports bottom portion of pump
42 Suction case bearing Bronze B145, B144
shaft.
Keeps large foreign material out of
43 Strainer Steel-galv. -----
pumps.
Supports driver & pump column.
Cast Iron
44 Motor mounting base A48 Class 30 Houses tension box & tension
Steel
bearing.
Used to connect suitable lubricant
45 Lubrication inlet ----- -----
dispenser to feed oil to shaft.
Adjust tension on shaft enclosing
46 Tension bearing Bronze B145, B144
tube & acts as upper shaft bearing.
 Standard Nomenclature Engineering Information
Page 17 Date: 03-07

PART TYPICAL ASTM

NAME OF PART FUNCTION OF PART
NO. MATERIAL DESIGNATION
A108 Gr 1018
Used to lock tension bearing in
Tension bearing lock Gr B1113
47 Steel place after tension adjustment is
screw Gr 1213
complete.
Houses tension bearing & provides
48 Tension box Cast Iron A48 Class 30
seal for shaft enclosing tube.
Holds tension box to motor
49 Tension box cap screws Steel -----
mounting base.
Synthetic Seals tension box to shaft enclosure
50 ‘O’ ring seal -----
rubber tube.
Changes flow from vertical to
Below base discharge Cast Iron A48 Class 30
51 horizontal when discharge is below
tee Steel A120
surface & forms part of column.
A53 Gr A
52 Shaft enclosing tube Steel Encloses lineshaft.
A120
Supports lineshaft in shaft
53 Lineshaft bearing Bronze B145, B144
enclosing tube.
Adapts shaft enclosing tube to
54 Adaptor bearing Bronze B145, B144
pump discharge head.
Seals off lower end of adaptor
Synthetic
55 Seal ----- bearing to prevent lubricant from
rubber
entering pump.
Enclosing tube Rubber
56 ----- Stabilizes shaft enclosing tube.
stabilizer Synthetic
 Materials Tabulation Summary Engineering Information
Page 20 Date: 03-07

A - Designates an All Bronze Pump

B- Designates a Bronze Fitted Pump
C – Designates an All Iron Pump

SUMMARY OF MATERIAL SELECTIONS AND

NATIONAL SOCIETY STANDARDS DESIGNATIONS

CORRESPONDIN REMARKS
MATERIAL
NATIONAL SOCIETY
SELECTION
STANDARDS DESIGNATION
NO.
ASTM ACI AISI

1 A48, Classes 20,25,30,35,40 and 50 --- --- Gray Iron – Six Grades
2 B 143, 1B and 2A --- --- Tin Bronze – Six Grades (including
two grades not covered by ASTM
Specifications as explained above
under Selection no.2)
3 A216, WCB --- 1030 Carbon Steel
4 A216, CS --- 501 5% Chromium Steel
5 A296, CA15 CA15 410 13% Chromium Steel
6 A296, CB30 CB30 --- 20% Chromium Steel
7 A296, CC50 CC50 446 28% Chromium Steel
8 A296, CF-8 CF-8 304 18-8 Austenitic Steel
9 A296, CF-8M CF-8M 316 18-8 Molydenum Austenitic Steel
10 --- CN-7M --- A series of highly alloyed steels
normally used where the corrosive
conditions are severe
11 --- --- --- A series of nickel base alloys
12 --- --- --- High silicone cast iron
13 --- --- --- Austenitic cast iron
14 --- --- --- Monel Metal
15 --- --- --- Nickel
 Standard and Custom Construction Engineering Information
Bowl Assemblies Page 21 Date: 03-07

Construction Bowl Impeller Shaft Collet Wear Ring Bearing Fastener Allowable
Pressure
Multiplier
Standard* Cast Iron Bronze St. Steel Carbon Bronze Bronze Carbon 1.00
CL30 SAE 40 416 Steel SAE 660 SAE 660 Steel
All Iron* Cast Iron Cast Iron St. Steel Carbon Cast Iron Carbon Carbon 1.00
CL30 CL.30 416 Steel CL30 or Steel
Epoxy
NI – Resist Ni-Resist Ni-Resist St. Steel ST. Steel Bronze Bronze St. Steel 1.00
Type 1 Type 1 18-8 316 SAE 64 SAE 64 18-8
Standard Bronze Bronze St. Steel St. Steel Bronze Bronze St. Steel 0.85
Bronze SAE 40 SAE 40 416 416 SAE 40 SAE 660 18-8
Zincless Bronze Bronze St. Steel St. Steel Bronze Bronze St. Steel 0.85
Bronze SAE 63 SAE 63 18-8 316 SAE 64 SAE 64 18-8
Aluminum Bronze Bronze St. Steel St. Steel Bronze Bronze St. Steel 2.00
Bronze B-148 B-148 18-8 316 SAE 64 SAE 64 18-8
Carbon Steel Steel Steel St. Steel Carbon St. Steel Carbon Carbon 2.00
A27 A27 416 Steel 416 or Steel
Epoxy
Stainless steel St. Steel St. Steel St. Steel St. Steel St. Steel Carbon St. Steel 2.50
400 Series CA-15 CA-15 416 416 416 or 4116
Epoxy
Stainless Steel St. Steel St. Steel St. Steel St. Steel St. Steel Carbon St. Steel 2.00
Type 316 CF-8M CF-8M 316 316 316 or 316
Epoxy

*Standard finish for Cast Iron Bowls:

Electrostatically applied epoxy coat, color black applied internally and externally.
 Special Material De-Rate Engineering Information
Page 22 Date: 03-07

Vertical Turbine Pumps

Engineering Data
Effective January 1, 2001

Performance Correction Factors

*Use the multipliers listed below to de-rate head, capacity, and efficiency for special materials bowls and impellers.
Apply both multipliers listed if both bowl and impeller are for special construction. *

Bowl Multiplier Impeller Multiplier

C.I. CL 30 D.I. and Other C.I. CL 30 D.I. and other
Bowl Size Without Materials AL-BRZ Materials
& Model Enamel Without Enamel

4L 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97

5L, 5H 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98
6L, 6H 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.98
7C, 7T 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.97
8D 0.98 0.97 0.99 0.97
8J 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.97
9A, 9C 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.97
9T, 10D 0.99 0.98 0.99 0.98
10J 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.98
10A 0.98 0.97 0.99 0.98
11A, 11C 0.99 0.98 0.99 0.98
12C, 12D 0.99 0.98 0.99 0.98
12A, 12J 0.99 0.98 0.99 0.98
13H 0.98 0.97 0.99 0.97
14D, 14F, 14H, 14J 0.99 0.98 0.99 0.98
15H 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.97

Example

Customers rating is 900 GPM at 61 ft. head With a Referring to the bowl [performance curve, the
316 SS bowl and impeller construction. An 11CHE efficiency at the corrected rating is 84% minus the
at 1770 rpm was selected. From the table both bowl 3-point de-rate for one stage which equals 81%. The
and impeller correction is 0.98. To determine pump efficiency must now be de-rated:
efficiency, the rating must be corrected.
The pump efficiency = 81% x 0.98 x 0.98 – 77.8%
900 GPM
Corrected capacity = 0.98 x 0.98 = 937 GPM
Therefore, the pump performance is 900 GPM at 61
61 ft ft. and 77.8% efficiency.
Corrected head = 0.98 x 0.98 = 64 FT.
900 GPMx 61 ft .
BHP = 3960 x 0.778 = 17.83 HP
 Discharge Head Loss Table Engineering Information
Page 28 Date: 03-07

DISCHARGE HEAD LOSS

The discharge head loss table 2 should be used to determine the hydraulic losses in the discharge head. Losses
in discharge heads vary with the size of the head, the design of the head, and the size of the tubing or shaft,
column, and discharge pipe used. Table 2 represents estimated average losses. When extreme accuracy is
imperative, actual loss measurements in the discharge head – with the correct tubing or shaft, column and
discharge pipe – should be specified on the bid request by the purchaser.

CAST DISCHARGE HEAD FRICTION LOSS

DISCHARGE CAPACITY IN GALLONS PER MINUTE
SIZE 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 1000 1200 1400
6” .016 .062 .140 .248 .388 .558 .760 .992 1.55
8” .078 .125 .176 .226 .312 .488 .703 .958
CAPACITY IN GALLONS PER MINUTE
10” 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
12” .048 .192 .433 .769 1.202 1.731
14” .091 .204 .363 .566 .861 1.110 1.1450
.201 .314 .452 .615 .803 1.017 1.255

VALLEY “L” FAB DISCHARGE HEAD FRICTION LOSS

DISCHARGE CAPACITY IN GALLONS PER MINUTE
SIZE 40 80 100 140 180 200 300 400 500 600 700
2” .312 1.248 1.950
.253 .395 .774 1.280 1.580
3”
.407 .503 1.131 2.010
4”
.214 .380 .595 .856 1.165
6”
CAPACITY IN GALLONS PER MINUTE
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2500 3000 4000 5000
.490 .765 1.102 1.50 1.959
8”
.329 .474 .645 .842 1.066 1.316 2.056
10”
.294 .385 .487 .601 .939 1.352
12”
.390 .481 .752 .877 1.558
14”
.334 .481 .856 1.337
16”

VALLEY “T” FAB DISCHARGE HEAD FRICTION LOSS

DISCHARGE CAPACITY IN GALLONS PER MINUTE
SIZE 40 80 100 140 180 200 300 400 500 600 700
2” .517 2.069 3.233
3” .419 .655 1.283 2.122 2.620
4” .534 .675 .834 1.875 3.333
6” .220 .355 .630 .987 1.419 1.932
CAPACITY IN GALLONS PER MINUTE
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2500 3000 4000 5000
8” .812 1.216 1.827 2.487 3.248
10” .545 .786 1.069 1.396 1.767 2.182 3.409
12” .488 .638 .807 .996 1.557 2.245
14” .523 .646 1.009 1.453 2.584
16” .554 .798 1.419 2.217

Entrance losses (for NPSH calculations) can be determined by subtracting fabricated “L” head loss from fabricated “T” head loss.
 Pump Barrel Size Selection Engineering Information
Page 32 Date: 03-07

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CAPACITY IN GPM

BOWL BARREL SIZE

SIZE MAX. 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 36 42 48 54
DIAM.
6 6-1/8 260 550
7 6-5/8 160 450 780
8 7-1/2 360 690 925 1350
10 9-3/8 460 690 1120 1600
10 9-3/4 360 640 1070 1550
12 11-3/8 390 820 1300 1850
12 11-3/4 325 750 1235 1780
13 12-1/4 660 1150 1690 2950
14 13-1/2 425 910 1450 2720 5050
16 14-3/4 1180 2450 4790
16 15-1/2 1030 2300 4630

All data is based on a minimum velocity of 3 feet/sec. past bowl assembly. If flanged column is used, the diameter of the
column flange must not be larger than the bowl diameter. Suction cases or turned down suction bells are used in all
instances.

Capacities larger than those listed above can be used but velocities and losses will be increased. The limits listed above
should be used on any pump that has a low available NPSH. If ample NPSH is available and high efficiency is not pf
prime importance, it is permissible to double all capacity values listed above. Consult factory for sizing of barrels if the
barrel has a heavy wall or the bowl assembly is equipped with a reinforcing tube.

If the pump barrel is equipped with a suction connection, which is located below the bottom of the suction bell, disregard
the selection table above and use a barrel that is one nominal size larger than the nominal bowl size. For example, an 18”
bowl assembly could be used in a 20” barrel
 Lineshaft Mechanical Friction Table Engineering Information
Page 47 Date: 03-07

MECHANICAL FRICTION
The mechanical-friction table 5 should be used to determine the added horsepower due to mechanical friction in rotating the line shaft.
The table was complied from test data from several turbine pump manufactures. Variations in designs used by individual
manufacturers may affect the figure slightly.

Explanation of Table 5
The table shows values for enclosed shaft with oil or water lubrication and drip feed, or for open shaft with water lubrication. For
enclosed shaft with flooded tube, read two times the value of friction shown on the table. (Table reprinted by permission of hydraulic
institute, inc.).

LINESHAFT SELECTION AND H.P. LOSS DUE TO MECHANICAL FRICTION

60 CYCLE SPEEDS

SHAFT WT. PER MAXIMUM Maximum Horsepower Ratings at RPM Shown

DIAMETER FT. (LBS.) THRUST 3500 2900 1760 1450 1170 875
114.0 96.0 58.0 48.0 38.4
1 2.67 3800
1.08 0.89 0.55 0.45 0.36
219.0 181.0 110.0 91.0 73.0
1-1/4 4.17 6000
1.63 1.39 0.84 0.70 0.54
370.0 340.0 186.0 168.0 137.0
1-1/2 6.01 8800
2.32 1.93 1.19 0.97 0.77
567.0 498.0 280.0 245.0 197.0
1-11/16 7.61 11500
2.83 2.42 1.42 1.21 0.95
440 383.0 309.0 219.0
1-15/16 10.03 15500
1.88 1.59 1.22 0.92
650.0 559.0 463.0 347.0
2-3/16 12.78 20000
2.30 2.00 1.53 1.14
792.0 648.0 529.0 394.0
2-7/16 15.87 25000
2.90 2.43 1.92 1.42
1035.0 892.0 691.0 514.0
2-11/16 19.29 30000
3.35 2.90 2.26 1.67
916.0 683.0
2-15/16 23.04 36500
2.67 2.00

TABLE 5
The upper figures are horsepower ratings. The lower figures are horsepower losses in 100 feet of oil or product lubricated shafting.
All ratings and losses in these tables conform to ANSI/AWWA E101-77.

For engine-driven pumps using engines with less than 4 cylinders or with engine speeds less than 500 RPM, multiply horsepower and
thrust ratings by .75. Since horsepower ratings are dependent upon the pump thrust, the following rules may be applied.

1. If pump thrust exceeds that listed by 50%, multiply horsepower by .958.

2. If pump thrust is only 50% of that listed, multiply horsepower by 1.025.
Interpolations between these thrust ratings are permissible

To adjust horsepower ratings in table 5 for shaft material selection use following multipliers:

HORSEPOWER MULTIPLIERS

SHAFT SIZES 316SS 304SS 416SS 416SS-HT 17-4PH SS MONEL K-MONEL NITRONIC
¾ - 2-3/16 0.75 0.75 1.10 1.75 1.75 1.00 1.70 50SS
1.60
 Lineshaft Selection Engineering Information
Page 49 Date: 03-07

For C1045 Lineshaft

PUMP THRUST (IN POUNDS)
Shaft
Shaft Shaft Elongation
1000 2000 3000 5000 7500 10000 15000 20000 30000 wt.
Size RPM in Inches
per ft.
3500 39.7 38.8 37.4 32.4
2900 33.0 32.1 31.0 26.9
1760 20.0 19.5 18.8 16.3
¾” 1450 16.5 16.1 15.5 13.4 .09371 1.5
1160 13.2 12.9 12.4 10.7
860 9.8 9.5 9.2 8.0

3500 94.5 93.8 93.0 89.5 82.5

2900 78.3 77.8 77.0 74.2 68.4
1760 47.5 47.2 46.7 45.0 41.5
1” .05268 2.7
1450 39.1 38.9 38.5 37.1 34.2
1160 31.3 31.1 30.8 29.7 27.3
860 23.2 23.1 22.9 22.0 20.3
3500 167.0 166.0 163.0 157.0 149.0
2900 138.4 137.6 135.1 130.2 123.6
1790 84.0 83.5 82.0 79.0 75.0
1-3/16” .03736 3.8
1450 69.3 68.8 67.6 65.1 61.8
1160 55.4 55.0 54.1 52.1 49.4
860 41.0 40.7 40.0 38.6 36.6
3500 192.9 191.9 190.9 188.9 184.9 179.0
2900 159.8 159.0 158.2 156.5 153.2 148.3
1760 97.0 96.5 96.0 95.0 93.0 90.0
1-1/4” .03376 4.2
1450 79.9 79.5 79.1 78.3 76.6 74.1
1160 63.9 63.6 63.3 62.6 61.3 59.3
860 47.4 47.2 46.9 46.4 45.4 44.0
3500 296.0 294.0 289.0 283.0 264.0
2900 245.4 242.1 239.2 234.3 218.9
1760 149.0 146.0 145.0 142.0 133.0
1-7/16” .02505 5.5
1450 122.8 121.2 119.8 117.3 109.6
1160 98.3 97.6 96.0 94.0 87.6
860 72.7 72.3 71.0 69.5 64.8
3500 336.0 334.0 330.0 324.0 306.0
2900 278.5 276.8 273.5 268.6 253.6
1760 169.0 168.0 166.0 163.0 154.0
1-1/2” .02341 6.0
1450 139.1 138.4 136.7 132.2 126.9
1160 111.2 110.7 109.2 107.2 101.4
860 82.6 82.1 81.1 79.6 75.2
1760 252.0 251.0 248.0 246.0 239.0 227.0
1450 207.6 206.6 204.7 202.6 196.6 187.3
1-11/16’ .01850 7.6
1160 166.0 165.0 164.0 162.0 157.0 150.0
860 123.0 122.0 121.0 120.0 117.0 111.0
1760 393.0 392.0 390.0 382.0 373.0 345.0
1450 323.8 322.8 321.4 314.9 307.4 284.6
1-15/16” .01400 10.0
1160 259.0 258.0 257.0 252.0 246.0 228.0
860 192.0 192.0 191.0 187.0 182.0 169.0
1760 578.0 577.0 576.0 570.0 562.0 538.0
1450 476.9 475.9 475.3 469.8 463.4 443.5
2-3/16” .01100 12.8
1160 382.0 381.0 380.0 376.0 371.0 355.0
860 283.0 282.0 281.0 279.0 275.0 263.0
1760 816.0 815.0 810.0 802.0 781.0
1450 671.8 671.4 669.4 661.0 643.6
2-7/16” .00887 15.9
1160 537.0 537.0 533.0 529.0 515.0
860 398.0 398.0 395.0 392.0 381.0
1070.0 1062.0 1055.0 1035.0
880.2 875.0 869.6 852.6
2-11/16” .00729 19.3
703.0 700.0 696.0 682.0
520. 518.0 515.0 505.0
1500.0 1490.0 1475.0
1235.8 1227.6 1215.2
2-15/16” .00610 23.1
988.6 982.0 972.2
733.0 728.1 720.7