Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 57

Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables

OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS
5 chairs and 3 tables cost `2,100
5x + 3y = `2100
Thus (c) is correct option.
1. In the given figure, graphs of two linear equations are
shown. The pair of these linear equations is: 3. The 2 digit number which becomes 56 th of itself when
its digits are reversed. The difference in the digits of
the number being 1, then the two digits number is
(a) 45 (b) 54
(c) 36 (d) None of these

Sol : [Board 2022 Term-1 SQP STD]

If the two digits are x and y , then the number is
10x + y .

Now 5 (10x + y) = 10y + x

6
Solving, we get 44x + 55y
(a) consistent with unique solution. x =5
(b) consistent with infinitely many solutions. y 4
(c) inconsistent. Also x - y = 1. Solving them, we get x = 5 and y = 4.
Therefore, number is 54.
(d) inconsistent but can be made consistent by
Thus (b) is correct option.
extending these lines.
4. In a number of two digits, unit’s digit is twice the tens
Sol : [Board 2024 OD Standard]
digit. If 36 be added to the number, the digits are
These two lines are not parallel and will cut on a
reversed. The number is
point. Thus pair of these linear equations is consistent
with unique solution. (a) 36 (b) 63
Thus (a) is correct option. (c) 48 (d) 84

2. 3 chairs and 1 table cost `900; whereas 5 chairs and Sol : [Board 2022 Term-1 SQP Basic]

3 tables cost `2,100. If the cost of 1 chair is `x and Let x be units digit and y be tens digit, then number
the cost of 1 table is `y , then the situation can be will be 10y + x
represented algebraically as Then, x = 2y ...(1)
(a) 3x + y = 900, 3x + 5y = 2100 If 36 be added to the number, the digits are reversed,
(b) x + 3y = 900, 3x + 5y = 2100 i.e number will be 10x + y .
(c) 3x + y = 900, 5x + 3y = 2100 10y + x + 36 = 10x + y
(d) x + 3y = 900, 5x + 3y = 2100 9x - 9y = 36
Sol : [Board 2023 OD Standard] x- y =4 ...(2)
Cost of one chair is x and cost of one table is y . Solving (1) and (2) we have x = 8 and y = 4 .
3 chairs and 1 table cost `900, thus Thus number is 48.
3x + y = `900 Thus (c) is correct option.
Page 58 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

5. If 3x + 4y : x + 2y = 9 : 4, then 3x + 5y : 3x - y is equal (a) 2 (b) 3

to (c) 5 (d) 15
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 1 : 4
Sol : [Board 2022 Term-1 Basic]
(c) 7 : 1 (d) 1 : 7
Let the fraction be x ,
Sol : [Board 2022 Term-1 STD]
y
x + 1 = 4 & x = 4y + 3
3x + 4y ...(1)
= 94 y+1
x + 2y
and x - 1 = 7 & x = 7y - 6 ...(2)
Hence, 12x + 16y = 9x + 18y y- 1
or 3x = 2y Solving (1) and (2), we have x = 15, y = 3,
Thus (d) is correct option.
x = 2y
3
8. For which value(s ) of p , will the lines represented by
Substituting x = 32 y in the required expression we the following pair of linear equations be parallel
have 3x - y - 5 = 0 and 6x - 2y - p = 0
3x 32 y + 5y 7y = 7 =
= 7:1 (a) all real values except 10 (b) 10
3x 23 y - y y 1
(c) 5/2 (d) 1/2
Thus (c) is correct option.
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2012]
6. The pair of equations 3x +y = 81, 81x - y = 3 has We have, 3x - y - 5 = 0
(a) no solution
and 6x - 2y - p = 0
(b) unique solution
Here, a1 = 3, b1 = - 1, c1 = - 5
(c) infinitely many solutions
and a2 = 6, b2 = - 2, c2 = - p
(d) x = 2 1, y = 1 7
8 8 Since given lines are parallel,
Sol : [Board 2022 Term-1 Basic] a1 = b1 C c1
a2 b2 c2
Given, 3x +y = 81
- 1 - 5
3x +y = 34 - 2 C - p
x +y = 4 ...(1) p C 5 × 2 & p C 10
and 81 x- y
=3
9. x and y are 2 different digits. If the sum of the two
34(x - y) = 31 digit numbers formed by using both the digits is a
perfect square, then value of x + y is
4 (x - y ) = 1
(a) 10 (b) 11
x - y = 41 ...(2) (c) 12 (d) 13
Adding equation (1) and (2), we get Sol : [Board 2022 Term-1 STD]
The numbers that can be formed are xy and yx .
2x = 4 + 1 = 17
4 4 Hence, (10x + y) + (10y + x) = 11 (x + y). If this is a
perfect square than x + y = 11.
x = 17 = 2 1
8 8
From equation (1), we get 10. The value of k for which the system of linear equations
x + 2y = 3, 5x + ky + 7 = 0 is inconsistent is
y = 15 = 1 7
8 8 (a) - 14 (b) 2
3 5
Thus (d) is correct option.
(c) 5 (d) 10
7. A fraction becomes 4 when 1 is added to both the Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
numerator and denominator and it becomes 7 We have x + 2y - 3 = 0
when 1 is subtracted from both the numerator and
and 5x + ky + 7 = 0
denominator. The numerator of the given fraction is
If system is inconsistent, then
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 59

a1 = b1 C c1 13. The pair of equations x + 2y + 5 = 0 and

a2 b2 c2 - 3x - 6y + 1 = 0 has
From first two orders, we have (a) a unique solution
1 = 2 * k = 10 (b) exactly two solutions
5 k
Thus (d) is correct option. (c) infinitely many solutions
(d) no solution
11. The value of k for which the system of equations
x + y - 4 = 0 and 2x + ky = 3, has no solution, is Sol : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2012]

(a) - 2 (b) C 2 Given,equations are

(c) 3 (d) 2 x + 2y + 5 = 0
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard] and - 3x - 6y + 1 = 0
We have x+y- 4 = 0 Here, a1 = 1,b1 = 2, c1 = 5
and 2x + ky - 3 = 0 and a2 = - 3, b2 = - 6, c2 = 1
Here, a1 = 1 , b1 = 1 and c1 = - 4 = 4 a 1 = - 1 , b 1 = - 2 = - 1 , c1 = 5
a1 2 b2 k c2 - 3 3 Now
a2 3 b2 6 3 c2 1
Since system has no solution, we have
Now, we observe that
a1 = b1 C c1
a1 b1 C c1
a2 = b2
a2 b2 c2 c2
1 =1 C 4 Hence, the pair of equations has no solution.
2 k 3
Thus (d) is correct option.
k = 2 and k C 3
4
14. If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the
Thus (d) is correct option.
lines will be
12. The pair of linear equations 2kx + 5y = 7 , 6x - 5y = 11 (a) parallel
has a unique solution, if (b) always coincident
(a) k C - 3 (b) k C 2 (c) intersecting or coincident
3
2 (d) always intersecting
(c) k C 5 (d) k C
9
Sol : [Board Term-1 SQP 2012]
Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2013]

Given the pair of linear equations are Condition for a consistent pair of linear equations
2kx + 5y - 7 = 0 a1 C b1
a2 b2
and 6x - 5y - 11 = 0 [intersecting lines having unique solution]
On comparing with a1 = b1 = c1
and [coincident or dependent]
a1 x + b1y + c1 = 0 a2 b2 c2
Thus (c) is correct option.
and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0
we get, a1 = 2k , b1 = 5, c1 = - 7 15. The pair of equations y = 0 and y = - 7 has
(a) one solution
and a 2 = 6, b 2 = - 5, c 2 = - 11
(b) two solutions
For unique solution,
(c) infinitely many solutions
a1 C b1
a2 b2 (d) no solution
2k C 5
6 - 5 Sol : [Board Term-1 SQP 2017]
The pair of both equations are parallel to x -axis and
k =C- 1
3 we know that parallel lines never intersects. So, there
is no solution of these lines.
k C- 3
Thus (d) is correct option.
Thus (a) is correct option.
Page 60 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

16. For what value of k , do the equations 3x - y + 8 = 0 a1 = b1 C c1

...(i)
and 6x - ky = - 16 represent coincident lines ? a2 b2 c2

(a) 1 (b) - 1
Here, a1 = 3,b1 = 2k ,c1 = - 2
2 2
and a2 = 2,b2 = 5,c2 = 1
(c) 2 (d) - 2
From equation (i), we have
Sol : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2016]
3 = 2k C - 2
Given, equations, 2 5 1
3x - y + 8 = 0 3 = 2k 3 - 2
Considering,
2 5 : 2 C 1 in any case D
and 6x - ky + 16 = 0
Condition for coincident lines is k = 15
4
a1 = b1 = c1 ...(1) Thus (c) is correct option.
a2 b2 c2
Here, a1 = 3,b1 = - 1,c1 = 8 19. The value of c for which the pair of equations
cx - y = 2 and 6x - 2y = 3 will have is
and a2 = 6,b2 = - k ,c2 = 16
(a) 3 (b) - 3
From equation (1),
(c) - 12 (d) no value
3 =- 1 = 8
6 - k 16 Sol : [Board Term-1 SQP 2014]

1 =1 3 8 1 The given lines are, cx - y = 2

: since 6 = 16 = 2 D
k 2 and 6x - 2y = 3
k =2
Condition for infinitely many solutions,
Thus (c) is correct option. a1 = b1 = c1 ...(i)
a2 b2 c2
17. The pair of equations x = a and y = b graphically
represents lines which are
Here, a1 = c , b1 = - 1, c1 = - 2
(a) parallel and a2 = 6, b2 = - 2, c2 = - 3
(b) intersecting at (b, a) From equation (i), c = - 1 = - 2
6 - 2 - 3
(c) coincident
Here, c =1
(d) intersecting at (a, b) 6 2
and c =2
Sol : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2011]
6 3
The pair of equations
c =3
x =a
and c =4
and y =b
Since, c has different values.
Graphically represents lines which are intersecting at Hence, for no value of c the pair of equations will have
(a, b). infinitely many solutions.
Thus (d) is correct option. Thus (d) is correct option.
18. If the lines given by 3x + 2ky = 2 and 2x + 5y + 1 = 0
20. One equation of a pair of dependent linear equations
are parallel, then the value of k is
- 5x + 7y = 2 The second equation can be
(a) - 5 (b) 2 (a) 10x + 14y + 4 = 0
4 5
( b ) - 10x - 14y + 4 = 0
(c) 15 (d) 3
4 2 ( c ) - 10x + 14y + 4 = 0
Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2011]
(d) 10x - 14y = - 4
We have 3x + 2ky - 2 = 0
Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2013]
and 2x + 5y + 1 = 0
For dependent linear equation,
Condition for parallel lines is a1 = b1 = c1
a2 b2 c2
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 61

Checking for option (a): x + y = 50 ...(1)

- 5 C 7 Also, x × 1 + y × 2 = 75
10 14
a1 C b1 So, option (a) is rejected. x + 2y = 75 ...(2)
a2 b2 Subtracting equation (1) form equation (2), we get
Checking for option (b): (x + 2y) - (x + y) = 75 - 50
- 5 C 7
- 10 - 14 y = 25
So, option (b) is also rejected. From equation (i), x = 75 - 2x (25)
Checking for option (c): Then, x = 25
- 5 = 7 C - 2
- 10 14 4 Thus (d) is correct option.
So, option (b) is also rejected 23. The father’s age is six times his son’s age. Four years
Checking for option (d): hence, the age of the father will be four times his son’s
- 5 = 7 =- 2 age. The present ages (in year) of the son and the
10 - 14 4 father are, respectively.
Thus (d) is correct option. (a) 4 and 24 (b) 5 and 30
21. If x = a and y = b is the solution of the equations (c) 6 and 36 (d) 3 and 24
x - y = 2 and x + y = 4, then the values of a and b Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2016]
are, respectively
Let the present age of father = x years
(a) 3 and 5 (b) 5 and 3
and the present age of son = y years
(c) 3 and 1 (d) - 1 and - 3
Four years hence, it has relation by given condition
Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2015]
(x + 4) = 4 (y + 4)
Since, x = a and y = b is the solution of the equations
x - y = 2 and x + y = 4, then these values will satisfy x - 4y = 12 ...(1)
that equation As the father’s age is six times his son’s age, so we
have
a- b =2 ...(1)
x = 6y ...(2)
and a +b = 4 ...(2)
Putting the value of x from equation (2) in equation
Adding equations (1) and (2), we get
(1), we get
2a = 6
6x - 4y = 12
a =3
2y = 12
Substituting a = 3 in equation (2),we have
y =6
3+b = 4 & b = 1
From equation (1), x = 6 × 6
Thus a = 3 and b = 1.
Thus (c) is correct option. Then, x = 36
Hence, present age of father is 36 year and age of son
22. Aruna has only < 1 and < 2 coins with her. If the total is 6 year.
number of coins that she has is 50 and the amount of Thus (c) is correct option.
money with her is < 75, then the number of < 1 and
< 2 coins are, respectively 24. Assertion : Pair of linear equations : 9x + 3y + 12 = 0,
(a) 35 and 15 (b) 35 and 20 8x + 6y + 24 = 0 have infinitely many solutions.
(c) 15 and 35 (d) 25 and 25 Reason : Pair of linear equations a1 x + b1y + c1
= 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 have infinitely many solu-
Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2016]
tions, if a1 = b1 = c1
Let number of < 1 coins = x a2 b2 c2
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
and number of < 2 coins = y reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
Now, by given conditions, (A).
Page 62 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but a1 = b1 C c1
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of a2 b2 c2
assertion (A). From first two orders, we have
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. 1 = 2 * k = 10
5 k
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
27. Find the value of k for which the system of equations
Sol :
x + y - 4 = 0 and 2x + ky = 3, has no solution.
From the given equations, we have
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
9 = 3 = 12
18 6 24 We have x +y - 4 = 0
1 = 1 = 1 i.e., a1 = b1 = c1 and 2x + ky - 3 = 0
2 2 2 a2 b2 c2
and c1 = - 4 = 4
Here, a1 = 1 b1 = 1
,
Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason a1 2 b2 k c2 - 3 3
(R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A). Since system has no solution, we have
Thus (a) is correct option. a1 = b1 C c1
a2 b2 c2
25. Assertion : x + y - 4 = 0 and 2x + ky - 3 = 0 has no
solution if k = 2. 1 =1 C 4
2 k 3
Reason : a1 x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 are
consistent if a1 C k1 . k = 2 and k C 3
4
a2 k2
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and PRACTICE
reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(A).  For what value of k , the system of equations
kx + 3y = 1, 12x + ky = 2 has no solution.
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
[Board Term-1 2011]
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Ans : k = - 6
assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. 28. For which value(s ) of p , will the lines represented by
the following pair of linear equations be parallel ?
Sol :
3x - y - 5 = 0, 6x - 2y - p = 0
For assertion, given equation has no solution if
Sol :
1 =1 C - 4 i.e. 4 [Board Term-1 OD 2017]

2 k - 3 3 We have, 3x - y - 5 = 0
1 4
k = 2: 2 C holds D and 6x - 2y - p = 0
3
Assertion is true. Here, a1 = 3, b1 = - 1, c1 = - 5
Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason and a2 = 6, b2 = - 2, c2 = - p
(R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
Since given lines are parallel,
Thus (b) is correct option.
a1 = b1 C c1
a2 b2 c2
ONE MARK QUESTIONS - 1 C - 5
- 2 - p
p C 5 × 2 & p C 10
26. Find the value of k for which the system of linear
equations x + 2y = 3, 5x + ky + 7 = 0 is inconsistent. 29. The 2 digit number which becomes 56 th of itself when
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
its digits are reversed. If the difference in the digits of
the number being 1, what is the two digits number?
We have x + 2y - 3 = 0
and 5x + ky + 7 = 0 Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2011]
If the two digits are x and y , then the number is
If system is inconsistent, then
10x + y .
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 63

5 (10x + y) = 10y + x 33. x and y are 2 different digits. If the sum of the two
Now
6 digit numbers formed by using both the digits is a
Solving, we get 44x + 55y perfect square, then what is the value of x + y ?
x =5 Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2013]
y 4
The numbers that can be formed are xy and yx .
Also x - y = 1. Solving them, we get x = 5 and y = 4.
Hence, (10x + y) + (10y + x) = 11 (x + y). If this is a
Therefore, number is 54.
perfect square than x + y = 11.
30. In a number of two digits, unit’s digit is twice the tens
34. If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the
digit. If 36 be added to the number, the digits are
lines will be intersecting or coincident. Justify.
reversed. What is the number ?
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2016] Sol : [Board 2008]

Let x be units digit and y be tens digit, then number Condition for a consistent pair of linear equations
will be 10y + x a1 C b1
a2 b2
Then, x = 2y ...(1)
[intersecting lines having unique solution]
If 36 be added to the number, the digits are reversed,
a1 = b1 = c1
i.e number will be 10x + y . and
a2 c2
[coincident or dependent]
b2
10y + x + 36 = 10x + y
35. The pair of equations y = 0 and y = - 7 has no
9x - 9y = 36 solution. Justify.
x- y =4 ...(2)
Sol : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2014]
Solving (1) and (2) we have x = 8 and y = 4 . The given pair of equations are
Thus number is 48. y =0 y =- 7
31. If 3x + 4y : x + 2y = 9 : 4, then find the value of The pair of both equations are parallel to x -axis and
3x + 5y : 3x - y . we know that parallel lines never intersects. So, there
is no solution of these lines.
Sol : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2012]

3x + 4y = 9 36. If the equations kx - 2y = 3 and 3x + y = 5 represent

We have
x + 2y 4 two intersecting lines at unique point, then the value
Hence, 12x + 16y = 9x + 18y of k is ........... .

or 3x = 2y Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]

For unique solution
x = 2y a1 C b1
3
a2 b2
Substituting x = 32 y in the required expression we
have Here, a1 = k , b1 = - 2, a2 = 3 and b2 = 1
3x 32 y + 5y k C- 2
7y Now
= = 7 = 7: 1 3 1
3x 23 y - y y 1
or, k C- 6
32. A fraction becomes 4 when 1 is added to both the
numerator and denominator and it becomes 7 37. Find whether the pair of linear equations y = 0 and
when 1 is subtracted from both the numerator and y = - 5 has no solution, unique solution or infinitely
denominator. What is the numerator of the given many solutions.
fraction ?
Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2011]
Sol : [Board Term-1 Foreign 2016]
The given variable y has different values. Therefore
Let the fraction be ,x the pair of equations y = 0 and y = - 5 has no
y
solution.
x + 1 = 4 & x = 4y + 3 ...(1)
y+1
38. If am = bl, then find whether the pair of linear
x - 1 = 7 & x = 7y - 6
and
y- 1
...(2) equations ax + by = c and lx + my = n has no
Solving (1) and (2), we have x = 15, y = 3, solution, unique solution or infinitely many solutions.
Page 64 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2015]

43. Find the value(s) of k so that the pair of equations
Since, am = bl , we have x + 2y = 5 and 3x + ky + 15 = 0 has a unique solution.
a = b C c Sol : [Board 2019 OD]
1 m n
We have x + 2y - 5 = 0 ...(1)
Thus, ax + by = c and lx + my = n has no solution.
and 3x + ky + 15 = 0 ...(2)
39. If ad C bc, then find whether the pair of linear Comparing equation (1) with a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, and
equations ax + by = p and cx + dy = q has no solution, equation (2) with a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0, we get
unique solution or infinitely many solutions. a1 = 1, a2 = 3, b1 = 2, b2 = k , c1 = - 5 and c2 = 15
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2015]
Since, given equations have unique solution, So,
Since ad C bc or a C b a1 b1
c d a2 C b
2
Hence, the pair of given linear equations has unique
i.e. 1 2
solution. 3 C k
40. Two lines are given to be parallel. The equation of one k C 6
of the lines is 4x + 3y = 14, then find the equation of Hence, for all values of k except 6, the given pair of
the second line. equations have unique solution.
Sol : [Board 2007]
The equation of one line is 4x + 3y = 14. We know that PRACTICE
if two lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0  For what value of p does the pair of linear
are parallel, then equations given below has unique solution ?
a1 = b1 C c1 4x + py + 8 = 0 and 2x + 2y + 2 = 0.
a2 b2 c2 [Board Term-1 2012]
4 = 3 C c1 * a2 = 4 = 12 Ans : p C 4
or
a2 b2 c2 b2 3 9
Hence, one of the possible, second parallel line is
12x + 9y = 5. 44. If 2x + y = 23 and 4x - y = 19, find the value of
(5y - 2x) and ( xy - 2).
41. Find whether the lines represented by 2x + y = 3 and
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
4x + 2y = 6 are parallel, coincident or intersecting.
We have 2x + y = 23 ...(1)
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2016]

Here a1 = 2, b1 = 1, c1 = - 3 and a1 = 4,b2 = 2, c2 = - 6 4x - y = 19 ...(2)

a1 = b1 = c1 Adding equation (1) and (2), we have
If
a2 b2 c2 6x = 42 & x = 7
then the lines are parallel. Substituting the value of x in equation (1), we get
Clearly 2 = 1 =3 14 + y = 23
4 2 6
Hence lines are coincident. y = 23 - 14 = 9
Hence, 5y - 2x = 5 × 9 - 2 × 7
42. Given the linear equation 3x + 4y = 9. Write another
linear equation in these two variables such that the = 45 - 14 = 31
geometrical representation of the pair so formed is: y - 2 = 9 - 2 = 9 - 14 = - 5
and
(1) intersecting lines x 7 7 7
(2) coincident lines.
45. Find whether the following pair of linear equation is
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
consistent or inconsistent:
(1) For intersecting lines a1 C b1 3x + 2y = 8, 6x - 4y = 9
a2 b2
So, one of the possible equation 3x - 5y = 10
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
(2) For coincident lines aa1 = b1 = cc1 3 2
b2 We have
6 C - 4
2 2
So, one of the possible equation 6x + 8y = 18
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 65

a1 C b1 48. Solve the following pair of linear equations by

i.e.,
a2 b2 substitution method:
Hence, the pair of linear equation is consistent. 3x + 2y - 7 = 0, 4x + y - 6 = 0

46. Is the system of linear equations 2x + 3y - 9 = 0 and Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]

4x + 6y - 18 = 0 consistent? Justify your answer. We have 3x + 2y - 7 = 0 ...(1)

Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] 4x + y - 6 = 0 ...(2)
For the equation 2x + 3y - 9 = 0 we have From equation (2), y = 6 - 4x ...(3)
a2 = 2, b1 = 3 and c1 = - 9 Putting this value of y in equation (1) we have
and for the equation, 4x + 6y - 18 = 0 we have 3x + 2(6 - 4x ) - 7 = 0
a2 = 4, b2 = 6 and c2 = - 18 3x + 12 - 8x - 7 = 0
Here a1 = 2 = 1 5 - 5x = 0
a2 4 2
5x = 5
b1 = 3 = 1
b2 6 2 Thus x =1

and c1 = - 9 = 1 Substituting this value of x in (2), we obtain,

c2 - 18 2
y =6- 4× 1 =2
Thus c 1
= 1 = c1
b
c2 b2 c2 Hence, values of x and y are 1 and 2 respectively.
Hence, system is consistent and dependent.
PRACTICE
47. For what value of k , the pair of linear equations
 Solve the following system of linear equations by
kx - 4y = 3, 6x - 12y = 9 has an infinite number of
substitution method:
solutions ?
2x - y = 2
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]

We have kx - 4y - 3 = 0 x + 3y = 15

and 6x - 12y - 9 = 0 [Board Term-1 2012]

Ans : x = 3 and y = 4
where, a1 = k,b1 = 4,c1 = - 3
a2 = 6,b2 = - 12,c2 - 9
49. Solve : 99x + 101y = 499, 101x + 99y = 501
Condition for infinite solutions:
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
a1 b1 c1
a 2 = b2 = c 2 We have 99x + 101y = 499 ...(1)
k = - 4 =3 101x + 99y = 501 ...(2)
6 - 12 9
Adding equation (1) and (2), we have
Hence, k =2
200x + 200y = 1000
PRACTICE
x +y = 5 ...(3)
 For what value of k, 2x + 3y = 4 and
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we get
(k + 2) x + 6y = 3k + 2 will have infinitely many
solutions ? - 2x + 2y = - 2
[Board Term-1 2012] x- y =1 ...(4)
Ans : k = 2
Adding equations (3) and (4), we have
 Find the value(s) of k for which the pair of 2x = 6 * x = 3
linear equations kx + y = k2 and x + ky = 1 have Substituting the value of x in equation (3), we get
infinitely many solutions.
3 +y = 5 * y = 2
[Board Term-1 2017]
Ans : k = ! 1
Page 66 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS 52. Solve graphically : 2x - 3y + 13 = 0; 3x - 2y + 12 = 0

Sol : [Board 2020 OD Basic]

50. Solve the following system of linear equations We have 2x - 3y + 13 = 0

algebraically : and 3x - 2y + 12 = 0
2x + 5y = - 4; 4x - 3y = 5 Now 2x - 3y = - 13
Sol : [Board 2024 OD Standard]
y = 2x + 13
3
We have 2x + 5y = - 4 ...(1)
4x - 3y = 5 ...(2) x 0 - 6.5 1
Multiplying equation (1) by 2, we get y 4.3 0 5
4x + 10y = - 8 ...(3)
and 3x - 2y = - 12
Now subtracting (2) from (3), we get
3x + 12
10y + 3y = - 13 y =
2
y =- 1 x 0 - 4 - 2
Submitting the value of y in equation (1), we get y 6 0 3
2x + 5 ( - 1) = - 4
These lines intersect each other at point ( - 2, 3)
2x = 1 Hence, x = - 2 and y = 3.
x =1
2
51. The sum of the digits of a 2-digit number is 14. The
number obtained by interchanging its digits exceeds
the given number by 18. Find the number.
Sol : [Board 2024 OD Standard]
Let the tenth digit be x and ones digit be y . The
number will 10x + y . Since sum of digits of two digit
number is 14, we have
x + y = 14 ...(1)
Number obtained by interchanging its digits exceeds
the given number by 18. Thus
10y + x = 10x + y + 18
9y = 9x + 18
y = x +2 (2)
Substituting the value of y in equation (1), we get
x + (x + 2) = 14
PRACTICE
2x + 2 = 14
 Solve the pair of equations graphically :
2x = 12
4x - y = 4 and 3x + 2y = 14
x =6 [Board Term-1 2014]

Substituting the value of x in equation (2), we get Ans : x = 2 and y = 4.

y = 6 +2 = 8
Required number = 10x + y 53. Solve graphically : 2x + 3y = 2, x - 2y = 8
= 10(6) + 8 Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Basic]

= 68 We have 2x + 3y = 2 ...(1)
and x - 2y = 8 ...(2)
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 67

Taking equation (1), y = 2 - 2x and 2x - 10y = 12 or x = 5y + 6

3
x 1 4 - 2 x 6 1 - 4

y 0 - 2 2 y 0 - 1 - 2
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
and x - 2y = 8
them, we get the following graph.
Taking equation (2), y = x- 8 Since the lines are coincident, so the system of linear
2
equations is consistent with infinite many solutions.
x 0 8 4
56. Determine the values of m and n so that the following
y - 4 0 - 2
system of linear equation have infinite number of
Plotting the above points and drawing the lines solutions :
joining them, we get the graph of above equations.
(2m - 1)x + 3y - 5 = 0
Two obtained lines intersect at point P (4, - 2).
3x + (n - 1)y - 2 = 0
Hence, Solution of the given equation is x = 4, y = - 2
Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]
54. A fraction becomes 13 when 2 is subtracted from the We have (2m - 1)x + 3y - 5 = 0 ...(1)
numerator and it becomes 12 when 1 is subtracted
Here a1 = 2m - 1,b1 = 3, c1 = - 5
from the denominator- Find the fraction.
3x + (n - 1)y - 2 = 0 ...(2)
Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]
Here a2 = 3,b2 = (n - 1),c2 = - 2
Let the fraction be x . According to the first condition,
y For a pair of linear equations to have infinite number
x- 2 = 1 of solutions,
y 3
a1 b1 c1
3x - 6 = y a 2 = b2 = c 2
y = 3x - 6 ...(1) 2m - 1 = 3 = 5
3 n- 1 2
According to the second condition,
or 2(2m - 1) = 15 and 5(n - 1) = 6
x =1
y- 1 2 Hence, m = 17,n = 11
4 5
2x = y - 1
y = 2x + 1 ...(2) PRACTICE

From equation (1) and (2), we have  Find the values of a and b for which the following
3x - 6 = 2x + 1 & x = 7 pair of linear equations has infinite number of
solutions : 2x + 3y = 7; 2ax + (a + b)y = 28.
Substitute value of x in equation (1), we get
[Board Term-1 2011]
y = 3 (7 ) - 6 Ans : a = 4, and b = 8
= 21 - 6 = 15
Hence, fraction is 7 . 57. For what value of p will the following system of
15
equations have no solution ?
55. Represent the following pair of linear equations (2p - 1)x + (p - 1)y = 2p + 1; y + 3x - 1 = 0
graphically and hence comment on the condition of
consistency of this pair. Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]

x - 5y = 6 and 2x - 10y = 12.

We have (2p - 1)x + (p - 1)y - (2p + 1) = 0
Here a1 = 2p - 1,b1 = p - 1 and c1 = - (2p + 1)
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]

We have x - 5y = 6 or x = 5y + 6 Also 3x + y - 1 = 0

x 6 1 - 4 Here a2 = 3,b2 = 1 and c2 = - 1

y 0 - 1 - 2 The condition for no solution is

Page 68 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

a1 = b1 C c1 59. Solve the following pair of linear equations :

a2 b2 c2 8x + 5y = 9, 3x + 2y = 4
2p - 1 = p - 1 C 2p + 1
3 1 1 Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
From equation (2), we have
2p - 1 p- 1
From = we have
3x = 4 - 2y
3 1
3p - 3 = 2p - 1
or, x = 4 - 2y ...(3)
3
3p - 2p = 3 - 1
Substituting this value of y in equation (3) in (1), we
p =2 get

From p - 1 C 2p + 1 we have 8b
4 - 2y
+ 5y = 9
1 1 3 l
p - 1 C 2p + 1 or 2p - p C - 1 - 1 32 - 16y + 15y = 27
p C- 2 - y = 27 - 32
Thus y =5
From 2p - 1 C 2p + 1 we have
3 1 Substituting this value of y in equation (3)
2p - 1 C 6p + 3 4 - 2 (5 ) 4 - 10
x = = =- 2
4p C - 4 3 3
p C- 1 Hence, x = - 2 and y = 5.
Hence, system has no solution when p = 2 60. Solve for x and y :
x + 1 + y - 1 = 9; x - 1 + y + 1 = 8.
PRACTICE
2 3 3 2
 Find the value of k for which the following pair of
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2011]
equations has no solution :
x + 2y = 3,(k - 1)x + (k + 1)y = (k + 2). x +1 +y - 1 = 9
We have 2 3
[Board Term-1 2011]
Ans : k = 3 3(x + 1) + 2(y - 1) = 54
3x + 3 + 2y - 2 = 54
3x + 2y = 53 (1)
58. Solve for x and y : x - 1 +y +1 = 8
x + 2y = - 1 and x - y = 3 and 3 2
2 3 3 2(x - 1) + 3(y + 1) = 48
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
2x - 2 + 3y + 3 = 48
x + 2y = - 1
We have
2 3 2x + 3y = 47 (2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 we have
3x + 4y = - 6 ...(1)
9x + 6y = 159 (3)
and x - y =3
1 3 Multiplying equation (2) by 2 we have
3x - y = 9 ...(2) 4x + 6y = 94 (4)
Subtracting equation (4) from (3) we have
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we have
5x = 65
5y = - 15 * y = - 1
or x = 13
Substituting y = - 3 in eq (1), we get Substitute the value of x in equation (2),
3x + 4 ( - 3) = - 6 2(13) + 3y = 47
3x - 12 = - 6 3y = 47 - 26 = 21
3x = 12 - 6 * x = 2
y = 21 = 7
3
Hence x = 2 and y = - 3.
Hence, x = 13 and y = 7
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 69

61. Given the linear equation 2x + 3y - 8 = 0, write 63. Find whether the following pair of linear equations
another linear equation in two variables such that the has a unique solutions. If yes, find the solution :
geometrical representation of the pair so formed is : 7x - 4y = 49,5x - 6y = 57 .
(a) intersecting lines
Sol : [Board Term-1 2017]
(b) parallel lines
We have 7x - 4y = 49 (1)
(c) coincident lines.
5x - 6y = 57 (2)
Sol : [Board Term-1 2014]
Comparing with the equation a1 x + b1 y = c1 ,
Given, linear equation is 2x + 3y - 8 = 0 ...(1)
a b a1 = 7,b1 = - 4,c1 = 49
(a) For intersecting lines, 1 C 1
a2 b2
To get its parallel line one of the possible equation a2 = 5,b2 = - 6, c2 = 57
may be taken as a1 = 7 and b1 = 4
Since,
a2 5 b2 6
5x + 2y - 9 = 0 (2)
a1 C b1
(b) For parallel lines, a1 = b1 C c1 a2 b2
a 2 b2 c2 So, system has a unique solution.
One of the possible line parallel to equation (1) may
Multiply equation (1) by 5 we get
be taken as
6x + 9y + 7 = 0 35x - 20y = 245 (3)

(c) For coincident lines, a1 = b1 = c1 Multiply equation (2) by 7 we get

a2 b2 c2
35x - 42y = 399 (4)
To get its coincident line, one of the possible equation
may be taken as Subtracting (4) by (3) we have
4x + 6y - 16 = 0 22y = - 154

62. Solve for x and y : y =- 7

ax + by = a + b and 3x + 5y = 4 Putting the value of y in equation (2),

2
5x - 6 ( - 7) = 57
Sol : [Board Term-1 2011]
5x = 57 - 42 = 15
We have ax + by = a + b
2
x =3
or 2ax + 2by = a + b ...(1)
Hence x = 3 and y = - 7 .
and 3x + 5y = 4 ...(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 5 we have
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS
10ax + 10by = 5a + 5b ...(3)
Multiplying equation (2) by 2b , we have
64. For what value of k , which the following pair of linear
6bx + 10by = 8b ...(4) equations have infinitely many solutions:
Subtracting (4) from (3) we have 2x + 3y = 7 and (k + 1)x + (2k - 1)y = 4k + 1

(10a - 6b) x = 5a - 3b Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi]

2x + 3y = 7
x = 5a - 3b = 1
We have
or
10a - 6b 2 and (k + 1)x + (2k - 1)y = 4k + 1
Substitute x = 1 in equation (2), we get a1 = 2 , b1 = 3
2 Here
1 a2 k + 1 b2 (2k - 1)
3× + 5y = 4
2
and c1 = - 7 = 7
5y = 4 - 3 = 5 c2 - (4k + 1) (4k + 1)
2 2
For infinite many solutions
y = 5 =1 a1 b1 c
= c1
a2 = b2
2× 5 2
2
1
Hence x = and y = . 1
2 2
Page 70 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

66. Determine graphically the coordinates of the vertices

For a1 = c1 we have
a2 c2 of triangle, the equations of whose sides are given by
2 = 7 2y - x = 8, 5y - x = 14 and y - 2x = 1.
k +1 4k + 1
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
2(4k + 1) = 7(k + 1)
We have 2y - x = 8
8k + 2 = 7k + 7
L1 : x = 2y - 8
k =5
Hence, the value of k is 5, for which the given equation y 0 4 5
have infinitely many solutions. x = 2y - 8 - 8 0 2
PRACTICE 5y - x = 14
 For what value of k , will the following pair of L2 : x = 5y - 14
equations have infinitely many solutions:
2x + 3y = 7 and (k + 2)x - 3(1 - k)y = 5k + 1 y 3 4 2
[Board 2019 OD] x = 5y - 14 1 6 - 4
Ans : k = 4
and y - 2x = 1
65. Find c if the system of equations L3 : y = 1 + 2x
cx + 3y + (3 - c) = 0; 12x + cy - c = 0 has infinitely
many solutions? x 0 1 2
Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi] y = 1 + 2x 1 3 5
We have cx + 3y + (3 - c) = 0 Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
12x + cy - c = 0 them, we get the graphical representation:
Here, a 1 = c , b 1 = 3 , c1 = 3 - c Hence, the coordinates of the vertices of a triangle
a2 12 b2 c c2 - c ABC are A (1, 3), B (2, 5) and C ( - 4, 2).
For infinite many solutions,
67. Determine graphically whether the following pair of
a1 = b1 = c1
a2 b2 c2 linear equations :
3x - y = 7 and 2x + 5y + 1 = 0 has :
For a1 = c1 we have,
a2 c2 (a) unique solution
c =3- c (b) infinitely many solutions or
12 - c
(c) no solution.
- c2 = 36 - 12c
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
- c2 + 12c - 36 = 0 We have 3x - y = 7
c2 - 12c + 36 = 0 or 3x - y - 7 = 0 (1)
c - 6c - 6c + 36 = 0
2
Here a 1 = 3,b 1 = 1,c 1 = - 7
c(c - 6) - 6(c - 6) = 0 2x + 5y + 1 = 0 (2)
(c - 6)(c - 6) = 0 & c = 6 Here a2 = 2, b2 = 5,c2 = 1
a1 = 3 , b1 = - 1
and for b1 = c1 , Now
a2 2 b2
b2 c2 5
3 =3- c Since C3 - 1 , thus a 1 C b1

c - c 2 5 a2 b2
- 3c = 3c - c2 Hence, given pair of linear equations has a unique
solution.
c2 - 6c = 0
Now line (1) y = 3x - 7
c(c - 6) = 0 & c = 6 or c C 0
x 0 2 3
Hence, the value of c is 6, for which the given equations
y - 7 - 1 2
have infinitely many solutions.
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 71

and line (2) or, x - 3y = 6 (2)

2x + 5y + 1 = 0 From equation(1) x - 7y = - 42

or, y = - 1 - 2x x 0 7 14
5
y = x + 42 6 7 8
x 2 - 3 7
y - 1 1 From equation (2) x - 3y = 6
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
them, we get the following graph. x 6 12 18
y = x- 6 0 2 4
3
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
them, we get the following graph.

Two lines obtained intersect each other at (42, 12)

Hence, father’s age = 42 years
and daughter’s age = 12 years
Clearly, the two lines intersect at point (2, - 1).
69. For Uttarakhand flood victims two sections A and B of
Hence x = 2 and y = - 1
class contributed Rs. 1,500. If the contribution of X-A
68. Aftab tells his daughter, ‘7 years ago, I was seven was Rs. 100 less than that of X-B, find graphically the
times as old as you were then. Also, 3 years from now, amounts contributed by both the sections.
I shall be three times as old as you will be.’ Represent
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016]
this situation algebraically and graphically.
Let amount contributed by two sections X-A and X-B
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] be Rs. x and Rs.y .
Let the present age of Aftab be x years and the age of x + y = 1,500 ...(1)
daughter be y years.
y - x = 100 ...(2)
7 years ago father’s(Aftab) age = (x - 7)years
From (1) y = 1500 - x
7 years ago daughter’s age = (y - 7) years
x 0 700 1,500
According to the question,
y 1,500 800 0
(x - 7) = 7(y - 7)
or, (x - 7y) = - 42 (1) From (2) y = 100 + x

After 3 years father’s(Aftab) age = (x + 3) years x 0 700

After 3 years daughter’s age = (y + 3) years y 100 800
According to the condition, Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
them, we get the following graph.
x + 3 = 3(y + 3)
Page 72 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

Clearly, the two lines intersect at point (3, 3).

(a) These lines intersect each other at point (3, 3 ).
Hence x = 3 and y = 3
(b) The vertices of triangular region are (3, 3), ( - 1, 0)
and (7, 0).
(c) Area of T = 21 × 8 × 3 = 12
Hence, Area of obtained T is 12 sq unit.

71. The cost of 2 kg of apples and 1kg of grapes on a day

was found to be Rs. 160. After a month, the cost of
4kg of apples and 2kg of grapes is Rs. 300. Represent
Clearly, the two lines intersect at point (700, 800) the situations algebraically and geometrically.
Hence X-A contributes 700 Rs and X-B contributes Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]
800 Rs. Let the cost of 1 kg of apples be Rs.x and cost of 1 kg
of grapes be Rs. y .
70. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations :
The given conditions can be represented given by the
3x - 4y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y - 21 = 0
following equations :
Find the co-ordinates of the vertices of the triangular
region formed by these lines and x - axis. Also, 2x + y = 160 ...(1)
calculate the area of this triangle. 4x + 2y = 300 ...(2)
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] From equation (1) y = 160 - 2x
We have 3x - 4y + 3 = 0 x 50 45
or, y = 3x + 3 y 60 70
4
x 3 7 - 1 From equation (2) y = 150 - 2x
y 3 6 0 x 50 40
and 3x + 4y - 21 = 0 y 50 70
or, y = 21 - 3x Plotting these points on graph, we get two parallel
4
line as shown below.
x 3 7 11
y 3 0 - 2
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
them, we get the following graph.
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 73

72. Solve for x and y : Clearly, the two lines intersect at point D(2, 3).
2x - y + 3 and 3x - 5y + 1 = 0 Hence, x = 2 and y = 3 is the solution of the
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015] given pair of equations. The line CD intersects the
We have 2x - y + 3 = 0 ...(1) x -axis at the point E(4, 0) and the line A B intersects
the x -axis at the points F ( - 1,0). Hence, the co-
3x - 5y + 1 = 0 ...(2) ordinates of the vertices of the triangle are D(2, 3),
Multiplying equation (1) by 5,and subtracting (2) E(4, 0) and F ( - 1, 0).
from it we have
74. Solve the following pair of linear equations graphically:
7x = - 14
x + 3y = 12, 2x - 3y = 12
x = - 714 = - 2 Also shade the region bounded by the line 2x - 3y = 2
Substituting the value of x in equation (1) we get and both the co-ordinate axes.
2x - y + 3 = 0 Sol : [Board Term-1 2013, 2012]

2 ( - 2) - y + 3 = 0 We have x + 3y = 6 * y = 6 - x ...(1)
3
- 4 - y +3 = 0
x 3 6 0
- y- 1 =0
y 1 0 2
y =- 1
Hence, x = - 2 and y = - 1. and 2x - 3y = 12 * y = 2x - 12
3
73. Draw the graphs of the equations x - y + 1 = 0 and x 0 6 3
3x + 2y - 12 = 0. Determine the co-ordinates of the y -4 0 -2
vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the
X-axis and shade the triangular region.
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]
them, we get the following graph.
We have x- y+1 = 0 ...(1)
x 0 4 2
y = x +1 1 5 3
and 3x + 2y - 12 = 0 ...(2)
x 0 2 4
y = 12 - 3x 6 3 0
2
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
them, we get the following graph.

The two lines intersect each other at point B(6, 0).

Hence, x = 6 and y = 0
Again DOAB is the region bounded by the line
2x - 3y = 12 and both the co-ordinate axes.
Page 74 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

75. Solve the following pair of linear equations graphically:

x - y = 1, 2x + y = 8
Also find the co-ordinates of the points where the lines
represented by the above equation intersect y - axis.
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2012]

We have x- y =1 * y =x- 1
x 2 3 - 1
y 1 2 - 2
and 2x + y = 8 * y = 8 - 2x
x 2 4 0
y 4 0 8
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
them, we get the following graph. 76. Draw the graph of the following equations:
2x - y = 1, x + 2y = 13
Find the solution of the equations from the graph and
shade the triangular region formed by the lines and
the y -axis.
Sol : [Board Term-1 OD 2012]

We have 2x - y = 1 * y = 2x - 1
x 0 1 3
y - 1 1 5

and x + 2y = 13 * y = 13 - x
2
x 1 3 5
y 6 5 4
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
them, we get the following graph.

The two lines intersect each other at point A (3, 2 ).

Thus solution of given equations is x = 3,y = 2.
Again, x - y = 1 intersects y - axis at (0, - 1)
and 2x + y = 8 y - axis at (0, 8).

PRACTICE

 Draw the graphs of the pair of linear equations :

x + 2y = 5 and 2x - 3y = - 4
Also find the points where the lines meet the x -
axis.
[Board Term-1 2015]
Ans : (5,0) and ( - 2, 0)
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 75

Clearly two obtained lines intersect at point A(3, 5). 78. Solve x + y = 5 and 2x - 3y = 4 by elimination
Hence, x = 3 and y = 5 method and the substitution method.
ABC is the triangular shaded region formed by the Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
obtained lines with the y -axis. By Elimination Method :
We have, x +y = 5 ...(1)
PRACTICE
and 2x - 3y = 4 ...(2)
 Solve the following pair of linear equations
graphically: Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and adding in (2) we
2x + 3y = 12 and x - y = 1 have
Find the area of the region bounded by the two 3(x + y) + (2x - 3y) = 3 × 5 + 4
lines representing the above equations and y -axis.
or, 3x + 3y + 2x - 3y = 15 + 4
[Board Term-1 2012]
Ans : x = 3 and y = 2, 7.5 square unit 5x = 19 * x = 19
5

77. Solve the following pair of equations graphically: Substituting x = 19 in equation (1),
5
2x + 3y = 12, x - y - 1 = 0. 19 + y = 5
Shade the region between the two lines represented by 5
the above equations and the X -axis. y = 5 - 19 = 25 - 19 = 6
5 5 5
Sol : [Board Term-1 2013] Hence, x = 19 and y = 6
2x + 3y = 12 * y = 12 - 2x
5 5
We have By Substituting Method :
3
x 0 6 3 We have, x +y = 5 ...(1)
y 4 0 2 and 2x - 3y = 4 ...(2)
also x- y =1 * y =x- 1 From equation (1), y = 5 - x ...(3)
Substituting the value of y from equation (3) in
x 0 1 3
equation (2),
y - 1 0 2
2x - 3(5 - x ) = 4
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
2x - 15 + 3x = 4
them, we get the following graph.
5x = 19
x = 19
5
Substituting this value of x in equation (3), we get

y = 5 - 19 = 6
5 5
Hence x = 19 and y = 6
5 5
PRACTICE

 Solve 3x - 5y - 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7 by
elimination method and the substitution method.
[Board Term-1 OD 2012]
Ans : x = 9 and y = - 5
13 13

 Solve for x and y :

The two lines intersect each other at point (3, 2), 3x + 4y = 10
Hence, x = 3 and y = 2. 2x - 2y = 2
DABC is the region between the two lines represented [Board Term-1 2015]
by the given equations and the x -axis. Ans : x = 2 and y = 1
Page 76 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

79. For what values of a and b does the following pair For coincident lines,
of linear equations have infinite number of solution ? a1 = b1 = c1
2x + 3y = 7, a(x + y) - b(x - y) = 3a + b - 2 a2 b2 c2
2 =p 3 = 7
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
p +q+1 + 2q + 2 4 (p + q ) + 1
We have 2x + 3y - 7 = 0 3 7
From = we have
Here a1 = 2,b1 = 3, c1 = - 7 p + 2q + 2 4(p + q) + 1
7p + 14q + 14 = 12p + 12q + 3
and a(x + y) - b(x - y) = 3a + b - 2
5p - 2q - 11 = 0 ...(1)
ax + ay - bx + by = 3a + b - 2
(a - b)x + (a + b)y - (3a + b - 2) = 0 From p 2 7
+ q + 1 = 4 (p + q) + 1
we have
Here a2 = a - b,b2 = a + b,c2 = - (3a + b - 2) 8(p + q) + 2 = 7p + 7q + 7
For infinite many solutions 8p + 8q + 2 = 7p + 7q + 7
a1 = b1 = c1
a2 b2 c2 p +q- 5 = 0 ...(2)
2 = 3 = - 7 Multiplying equation (2) by 5 we have
a- b a + b (3a + b - 2)
5p + 5q - 25 = 0 ...(3)
From a 2 b = 3a 7 2 we have
- +b- Subtracting equation (1) from (3) we get
2(3a + b - 2) = 7(a - b) 7q = 14
6a + 2b - 4 = 7a - 7b q =2
a - 9b = - 4 ...(1) Hence, p = 3 and q = 2.

From a 3 b = 3a 7 2 we have
+ +b-
3(3a + b - 2) = 7(a + b) WORD PROBLEMS
9a + 3b - 6 = 7a + 7b
81. In an election contested between A and B, A obtained
2a - 4b = 6
votes equal to twice the no. of persons on the electoral roll
a - 2b = 3 ...(2) who did not cast their votes and this later number was
equal to twice his majority over B. If there were 1,8000
Subtracting equation (1) from (2),
persons on the electoral roll. How many votes for B.
- 7b = - 7
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
b =1 Let x and y be the no. of votes for A and B respectively.
Substituting the value of b in equation (1), The no. of persons who did not vote is 18000 - x - y .
a =5 We have x = 2(18000 - x - y)
Hence, a = 5, b = 1. 3x + 2y = 36000 ...(1)
and (18000 - x - y) = 2(x - y)
80. Find the value of p and q for which the system of
equations represent coincident lines 2x + 3y = 7 , or 3x - y = 18000 ...(2)
(p + q + 1)x + (p + 2q + 2)y = 4(p + q) + 1 Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1),
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2012] 3y = 18000
We have 2x + 3y = 7 y = 6000
(p + q + 1)x + (p + 2q + 2)y = 4(p + q) + 1 Hence vote for B is 6000.
Comparing given equation to ab + by + c = 0 we have
82. Sum of the ages of a father and the son is 40 years. If
a1 = 2, b1 = 3,c1 = - 7
father’s age is three times that of his son, then find
a2 = p + q + 1,b2 = p + 2q + 2, c2 = - 4(p + q) - 1
their respective ages.
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 77

Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]

Thus x = 1000 and y = 100
Let age of father and son be x and y respectively.
Fixed charge and cost of food per day are Rs. 1,000
x + y = 40 ...(1) and Rs. 100.
x = 3y ...(2)
85. The present age of the father is twice the sum of the
Solving equations (1) and (2), we get ages of his 2 children. After 20 years, his age will be
x = 30 and y = 10 equal to the sum of the ages of his children. Find the
age of the father.
Ages are 30 years and 10 years. Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
Let the sum of the ages of the 2 children be x and the
83. Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose
age of the father be y years.
length is 4 m more then its width, is 36 m. Find the
dimensions of garden. Now y = 2x

Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]

2x - y = 0 ...(1)
Let the length of the garden be x m and its width be and 20 + y = x + 40
y m.
x - y = - 20 ...(2)
Perimeter of rectangular garden
Subtracting (2) from (1), we get
p = 2(x + y)
x = 20
Since half perimeter is given as 36 m,
From(1), y = 2x = 2 × 20 = 40
x + y = 36 ...(1)
Hence, the age of the father is 40 years.
Also, x = y +4
86. In the figure, ABCDE is a pentagon with BE CD
or x- y =4 ...(2)
and BC DE . BC is perpendicular to CD. A B = 5 cm,
Now adding eq (1) and (2) we have AE = 5 cm, BE = 7 cm, BC = x - y and CD = x + y.
If the perimeter of ABCDE is 27 cm. Find the value
2x = 40 & x = 40
2
= 20 of x and y , given x , y C 0.
Subtracting eq (2) from (1) we have

2y = 32 & x = 32
2
= 16

Hence, length is 20 m and width is 16 m.

84. A part of monthly hostel charge is fixed and the

remaining depends on the number of days one has
taken food in the mess. When Swati takes food for
20 days, she has to pay Rs. 3,000 as hostel charges
whereas Mansi who takes food for 25 days Rs. 3,500
as hostel charges. Find the fixed charges and the cost
of food per day.
Sol : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
Sol : [Board Term-1 2016, 2015] We have redrawn the given figure as shown below.
Let fixed charge be x and per day food cost be y
x + 20y = 3000 ...(1)
x + 25y = 3500 ...(2)
Subtracting (1) from (2) we have
5y = 500 * y = 100
Substituting this value of y in (1), we get
x + 20(100) = 3000
x = 1000
Page 78 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

We have CD = BE Adding equation (1) and (3) we obtain,

x +y = 7 ...(1) 2x = 44 * x = 44 = 22
2
Also, perimeter of ABCDE is 27 cm, thus
Substituting value of x in equation (1) we have
A B + BC + CD + DE + AE = 27
22 + y = 30
5 + (x - y) + (x + y) + (x - y) + 5 = 27
y = 30 - 22 = 8
3x - y = 17 ...(2)
x = 22 cm and y = 8 cm
Adding equation (1) and (2) we have
4x = 24 & x = 6 PRACTICE
Substituting x = 6 in equation (1) we obtain  In the figure given below, ABCD is a rectangle.
y =7- x =7- 6 =1 Find the values of x and y .

Thus x = 6 and y = 1.

PRACTICE

 In the figure below ABCDE is a pentagon with

BE | | CD and BC | | DE. BC is perpendicular to
DC. If the perimeter of ABCDE is 21 cm, find
the values of x and y .

[Board Term-1 2012]

Ans : x = 19 and y = 3.

88. Seven times a two digit number is equal to four times

the number obtained by reversing the order of its
digits. If the difference of the digits is 3, determine
the number.
Sol : [Board Term-1 2017]
Let the ten’s and unit digit by y and x respectively,
So the number is 10y + x
[Board 2010] The number when digits are reversed becomes 10x + y
Ans : x = 5 and y = 0.
Thus 7(10y + x ) = 4(10x + y)
70y + 7x = 40x + 4y
87. In Figure, ABCD is a rectangle. Find the values of 70y - 4y = 40x - 7x
x and y .
2y = x ...(1)
or x- y =3 ...(2)
From (1) and (2) we get
y = 3 and x = 6
Hence the number is 36.

89. 4 chairs and 3 tables cost Rs 2100 and 5 chairs and

Sol : [Board 2018] 2 tables cost Rs 1750. Find the cost of one chair and
Since ABCD is a rectangle, we have one table separately.
A B = CD and BC = AD Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]

Now x + y = 30 ...(1) Let cost of 1 chair be Rs x and cost of 1 table be Rs

y According to the question,
x - y = 14 ...(2)
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 79

4x + 3y = 2100 ...(1) 5 = 9 - 1 =1
x 12 2 4
5x + 2y = 1750 ...(2)
x = 20
Multiplying equation (1) by 2 and equation (2) by 3,
Substituting the value of x in equation (1), we have
8x + 6y = 4200 ...(3) 1 +1 = 1
20 y 12
15x + 6y = 5250 ...(iv)
1 = 1 - 1 = 5- 3
Subtracting equation (3) from (4) we have y 12 20 60
7x = 1050 1 = 2 = 1 * y = 30
y 60 30
x = 150
Hence, time taken to fill the pool by the larger
Substituting the value of x in (1), y = 500 and smaller diameter pipe are 20 hrs and 30 hrs
Thus cost of chair and table is Rs 150, Rs 500 respectively.
respectively.
92. A man can row a boat downstream 20 km in 2 hours
90. A chemist has one solution which is 50 ~ acid and a and upstream 4 km in 2 hours. Find his speed of
second which is 25 ~ acid. How much of each should rowing in still water. Also find the speed of the stream.
be mixed to make 10 litre of 40 ~ acid solution.
Sol : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
Let x be the speed of the boat in still water and y be
Let 50 ~ acids in the solution be x and 25 ~ of other the speed of the stream.
solution be y .
Relative Speed of boat in upstream will be (x - y) and
Total volume in the mixture relative speed of boat in downstream will be (x + y).
x + y = 10 ...(1) 1 According to question, we have
and 50 x + 25 y = 40 × 10 20 = 2
100 100 100 x +y
2x + y = 16 ...(2) 1 x + y = 10 ...(1)
Subtracting equation (1) from (2) we have 4 =2
and
x =6 x- y
x- y =2 ...(2)
Substituting this value of x in equation (1) we get
Adding equation (1) and (2), we have
6 + y = 10 2x = 12 * x = 6 km/hr
y =4 Substituting the value of x is equation (1) we have,
Hence, x = 6 and y = 4. 6 + y = 10 * y = 10 - 6 = 4 km/hr
Thus speed of a boat in still water is 6 km/hr and
91. It can take 12 hours to fill a swimming pool using two
speed of the stream 4 km/hr.
pipes. If the pipe of larger diameter is used for four
hours and the pipe of smaller diameter for 9 hours, 93. A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed.
only half of the pool can be filled. How long would it If the train would have been 10 km/hr scheduled time.
take for each pipe to fill the pool separately? And, if the train were slower by 10 km/hr, it would
Sol : [Board 2020 OD Standard]
have taken 3 hr more than the scheduled time. Find
Let x be time taken to fill the pool by the larger the distance covered by the train.
diameter pipe and y be the time taken to fill the pool Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2012]

by the smaller diameter pipe. Let the actual speed of the train be s and actual time
According to question, taken t .
1 +1 = 1 Distance = Speed × Time
...(1)
x y 12 = st km
and 4 +9 = 1 ...(2) According to the given condition, we have
x y 2
Multiplying equation (1) by 9 and subtracting from st = (s + 10)(t - 2)
equation (2), we get st = st - 2s + 10t - 20
Page 80 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

2s - 10t + 20 = 0 Same Direction :

s - 5t = - 10 (1) Distance covered by car I
and st = (s - 10)(t + 3) = 150 +(distance covered by car II)
15x = 150 + 15y
st = st + 3s - 10t - 30
15x - 15y = 150
3s - 10t = 30 ...(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and subtracting x - y = 10 ...(1)
equation (2) from equation (1), Opposite Direction :
3 × ( s - 5t) - (3s - 10t) = - 3 × 10 - 30 Distance covered by car I + distance covered by car II
- 5t = - 60
= 150 km
t = 12
x + y = 150 ...(2)
Substituting value of t equation (1),
Adding equation (1) and (2), we have x = 80.
s - 5 × 12 = - 10
Substituting x = 80 in equation (1), we have y = 70.
s = - 10 + 60 = 50
Speed of the car I from A = 80 km/hr and speed of
Hence, the distance covered by the train the car II from B = 70 km/hr.
= 50 × 12 = 600 km. 96. If 2 is subtracted from the numerator and 1 is added
to the denominator, a fraction becomes 1 2, but when
94. The ratio of incomes of two persons is 11:7 and the
4 is added to the numerator and 3 is subtracted from
ratio of their expenditures is 9:5. If each of them
the denominator, it becomes 32 . Find the fraction.
manages to save Rs 400 per month, find their monthly
incomes. Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]

Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] Let the fraction be x then we have

y
Let the incomes of two persons be 11x and 7x . x- 2 = 1
Also the expenditures of two persons be 9y and 5y . y+1 2
2x - 4 = y + 1
11x - 9y = 400 ...(1)
2x - y = 5 ...(1)1
and 7x - 5y = 400 ...(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 5 and equation (2) by 9 Also, x +4 = 3
y- 3 2
we have
2x + 8 = 3y - 9]
55x - 45y = 2000 ...(3)
2x - 3y = - 17 ...(2) 1
and 63x - 45y = 3600 ...(4)
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1),
Subtracting, above equation we have
- 8x = - 1600 2y = 22 * y = 11

x = - 1,600 = 200
Substituting this value of y in equation (1) we have,
or,
- 8 2x - 11 = 5
Hence Their monthly incomes are 11 × 200 = Rs
2200 and 7 × 200 = Rs 1400. x =8

95. A and B are two points 150 km apart on a highway. Hence, Fraction = 8
11
Two cars start A and B at the same time. If they
PRACTICE
move in the same direction they meet in 15 hours. But
if they move in the opposite direction, they meet in 1  A fraction become 119 if 2 is added to both
hours. Find their speeds. numerator and denominator. If 3 is added to both
numerator and denominator it becomes 56. Find
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
the fraction.
Let the speed of the car I from A be x and speed of
[Board Term-1 2012]
the car II from B be y . 7
Ans : 9
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 81

97. If a bag containing red and white balls, half the number Substituting this value of x in equation (1),
of white balls is equal to one-third the number of red
3(17) - 5y = 6
balls. Thrice the total number of balls exceeds seven
times the number of white balls by 6. How many balls 5y = 51 - 6
of each colour does the bag contain ? y =9
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] Hence, perimeter = 2(x + y) = 2(17 + 9) = 52 units.
Let the number of red balls be x and white balls be y .
According to the question, 99. The students of a class are made to stand in rows. If
y = 1 x or 2x - 3y = 0 3 students are extra in a row, there would be 1 row
...(1)
2 3 less. If 3 students are less in a row, there would be 2
rows more. Find the number of students in the class.
and 3(x + y) - 7y = 6
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
or 3x - 4y = 6 ...(2)
Let the number of students in a row be x and the
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by we
number of rows be y . Thus total will be xy .
have
Now (x + 3)(y - 1) = xy
6x - 9y = 0 ...(3)
xy + 3y - x - 3 = xy
6x - 8y = 12 ...(4)
- x + 3y - 3 = 0 ...(1)
Subtracting equation (3) from (4) we have
and (x - 3)(y + 2) = xy
y = 12
xy - 3y + 2x - 6 = xy
Substituting y = 12 in equation (1),
2x - 3y - 6 = 0 ...(2)
2x - 36 = 0 Multiply equation (1) 2 we have
x = 18 - 2x + 6y - 6 = 0 ...(3)
Hence, number of red balls = 18 Adding equation (2) and (3) we have
and number of white balls = 12 3y - 12 = 0
y =4
98. The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units,
if its length is reduced by 5 units and the breadth Substitute y = 4 in equation (1)
is increased by 3 units. The area is increased by 67 - x + 12 - 3 = 0
square units if length is increased by 3 units and
breadth is increased by 2 units. Find the perimeter of x =9
the rectangle. Total students xy = 9 × 4 = 36
Sol : [Board Term-1 Delhi 2012] Total students in the class is 36.
Let length of given rectangle be x and breadth be y ,
then area of rectangle will be xy . 100. The ages of two friends ani and Biju differ by 3 years.
According to the first condition we have Ani’s father Dharam is twice as old as ani and Biju
is twice as old as his sister Cathy. The ages of Cathy
(x - 5)(y + 3) = xy - 9 and Dharam differ by 30 year. Find the ages of Ani
or, 3x - 5y = 6 ...(1) and Biju.
According to the second condition, we have Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]

(x + 3)(y + 2) = xy - 67 Let the ages of Ani and Biju be x and y , respectively.

or, 2x + 5y = 61 ...(2) According to the given condition,
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by 5 x- y = ! 3 ...(1)
and then adding, Also, age of Ani’s father Dharam = 2x years
9x - 15y = 18
And age of Biju’s sister = y years
10x + 15y = 305 2
According to the given condition,
x = 323 = 17
19
Page 82 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

or, 2y = 340
2x - y = 30
2
y = 170
4x - y = 60 ...(2)
Hence, the amount of their respective capitals are 40
Case I : When x - y = 3 ...(3) and 170.
Subtracting equation (3) from equation (2), 102. At a certain time in a deer, the number of heads and
3x = 57 the number of legs of deer and human visitors were
x = 19 years counted and it was found that there were 39 heads
and 132 legs.
Putting x = 19 in equation (3), Find the number of deer and human visitors in the
19 - y = 3 park.
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
y = 16 years
Let the no. of deer be x and no. of human be y .
Case II : When x - y = - 3 ...(4) According to the question,
Subtracting equation (iv) from equation (2), x + y = 39 ...(1)
3x = 60 + 3 and 4x + 2y = 132 ...(2)
3x = 63 Multiply equation (1) from by 2,
x = 21 years 2x + 2y = 78 ...(3)
Subtracting equation (4), we get Subtract equation (3) from (2),
21 - y = - 3 2x = 54
y = 24 years x = 27
Hence, Ani’s age = 19 years or 21 years Biju age = 16
Substituting this value of x in equation (1)
years or 24 years.
27 + y = 39
101. One says, “Give me a hundred, friend! I shall then y = 12
become twice as rich as you.” The other replies, “If
So, No. of deer = 27 and No. of human = 12
you give me ten, I shall be six times as rich as you.”
Tell me what is the amount of their (respective) 103. The length of the sides of a triangle are
capital. 2x + y2 , 5x3 + y + 12 and 32 x + 2y + 25 . If the triangle is
Sol : [Board Term-1 2012] equilateral , find its perimeter.
Let the amount of their respective capitals be x and Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]
y. For an equilateral T ,
According to the given condition,
2x + y = 5x + y + 1 = 1 x + 2y + 5
x + 100 = 2(y - 100) 2 3 2 2 2
x - 2y = - 300 ...(1) 4x + y = 10x + 6y + 3
Now
2 6
and 6(x - 10) = y + 10
12x + 3y = 10x + 6y + 3
6x - y = 70 ...(2)
2x - 3y = 3 ...(1)
Multiplying equation (2) by 2 we have
Again, 2x + y = 2 x + 2y + 5
12x - 2y = 140 ...(3) 2 3 2
Subtracting (1) from equation (3) we have 4x + y = 4x + 12y + 15
2 6
11x = 440
12x + 3y = 4x + 12y + 15
x = 40
8x - 9y = 15 ...(2)
Substituting x = 40 in equation (1),
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 we have
40 - 2y = - 300
6x - 9y = 9 ...(1)
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 83

Subtracting it from (2) we get Sol : [Board Term-1 2013]

Let x be the distance of the place where breakdown
2x = 6 * x = 3
occurred and y be the original speed,
Substituting this value of x into (1), we get
x + 30 - x = 5
2 × 3 - 3y = 3 y y
2
x + 60 - 2x = 5
or, 3y = 3 * y = 1 or
y y
Now substituting these value of x and y x + 60 - 2x = 5y
2x + y = 2 × 3 + 1 = 6.5 x + 5y = 60 ...(1)
2 2
x + 10 30 - (x + 10)
The perimeter of equilateral triangle = side × 3 and + y =4
y 2
= 6.5 × 3 = 19.5 cm x + 10 60 - 2 (x + 10 )
+ =4
Hence, the perimeter of T = 19.5 m y y
x + 10 + 60 - 2x - 20 = 4y
104. When 6 boys were admitted and 6 girls left, the - x + 50 = 4y
percentage of boys increased from 60% to 75%. Find
the original no. of boys and girls in the class. x + 4y = 50 (2)
Subtract equation (2) from (1), y = 10 km/hr.
Sol : [Board Term-1 2015]
Let the no. of boys be x and no. of girls be y . Now from (2), x + 40 = 50 & x = 10 km
No. of students = x + y Break down occurred at 10 km and original speed was
x 10 km/hr.
Now = 60 ...(1)
x +y 100
106. The population of a village is 5000. If in a year, the
x +6 75
and = 100 ...(2) number of males were to increase by 5% and that of a
(x + 6) + (y - 6)
female by 3% annually, the population would grow to
From (1), we have
5202 at the end of the year. Find the number of males
100x = 60x + 60y and females in the village.
40x - 60y = 0 Sol : [Board Term-1 2012]

2x - 3y = 0 Let the number of males be x and females be y

2x = 3y (3) Now x +y = 5,000 ...(1)

From (2) we have and x + 5 x + y + 3y = 5202

100 100
100x + 600 = 75x + 75y 5x + 3y + 5000 = 5202
100
25x - 75y = - 600
5x + 3y = (5202 - 5000) × 100
x - 3y = - 24 ...(4)
5x + 3y = 20200 (2)
Substituting the value of 3y from (3) in to (4) we
Multiply (1) by 3 we have
have,
3x + 3y = 15,000 ...(3)
x - 2x = - 24 * x = 24
Subtracting (2) from (3) we have
3y = 24 × 2
2x = 5200 * x = 2600
y = 16
Substituting value of x in (1) we have
Hence, no. of boys is 24 and no. of girls is 16.
2600 - y = 5000 & y = 2400
105. A cyclist, after riding a certain distance, stopped Thus no. of males is 2600 and no. of females is 2400.
for half an hour to repair his bicycle, after which he
completes the whole journey of 30 km at half speed in 107. A father’s age is three times the sum of the ages of
5 hours. If the breakdown had occurred 10 km farther his two children. After 5 years his age will be two
off, he would have done the whole journey in 4 hours. times the sum of their ages. Find the present age of
Find where the breakdown occurred and his original the father.
speed.
Page 84 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

Sol : [Board 2019 Delhi] COMPETENCEY BASED QUESTIONS

Let x be the age of father and y be the sum of the
ages of his children. 109. A coaching institute of Mathematics conducts classes
After 5 years, in two batches I and II and fees for rich and poor
Father’s age = (x + 5) years children are different. In batch I, there are 20 poor
and 5 rich children, whereas in batch II, there are
Sum of ages of his children = (y + 10) years 5 poor and 25 rich children. The total monthly
According to the given condition, collection of fees from batch I is `9000 and from batch
x = 3y ...(1) II is `26,000. Assume that each poor child pays `x
per month and each rich child pays `y per month.
and x + 5 = 2(y + 10)
or, x - 2y = 15 ...(2)
Solving equation (1) and (2), we have
3y - 2y = 15 & y = 15
Substituting value of y in equation (1), we get
x = 3 × 15 = 45
Hence, father’s present age is 45,

108. Sumit is 3 times as old as his son. Five years later he

shall be two and a half times as old as his son. How
old is Sumit at present?
Based on the above information, answer the following
Sol : [Board 2019 OD]
questions:
Let x be Sumit’s present age and y be his son’s
present age. (i) Represent the information given above in terms of
x and y.
According to given condition,
(ii) Find the monthly fee paid by a poor child.
x = 3y
(iii) Find the difference in the monthly fee paid by a
After five years, ...(1) poor child and a rich child.
Sumit’s age = x + 5 (iv) If there are 10 poor and 20 rich children in batch
and His son’s age = y + 5 II, what is the total monthly collection of fees
from batch II?
Now, again according to given condition,
Sol : [Board 2023 OD Standard]

x + 5 = 2 1 (y + 5) (i) Representation in Equation

2
Monthly fees paid by each poor children = ` x
x + 5 = 5 (y + 5) Monthly fees paid by each rich children = `y
2
2 (x + 5) = 5 (y + 5) In batch I, there are 20 poor and 5 rich children. Fees
paid by batch I
2x + 10 = 5y + 25
20x + 5y = 9000 ...(1)
2x = 5y + 15 In batch II, there are 5 poor and 25 rich children. Fees
2 (3y) = 5y + 15 [from eq (1)] paid by batch II

6y = 5y + 15 5x + 25y = 26000 ...(2)

(ii) Monthly fee paid by a poor child
y = 15
Multiply equation (1) by 5 we get
Again, from eq (1)
100x + 25y = 45000 ...(3)
x = 3y
Subtracting (2) from (3) we have
= 3 × 15 = 45 95x = 19000
Hence, Sumit’s present age is 45 years.
x = 19000 = 200
95
Thus, monthly fee paid by poor child is `200.
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 85

(iii) Difference in the monthly fee paid by a poor child (i) Fixed cost = 4000
and a rich child, Variable cost for each service = 75
Substitute value of x in equation (1) we have Total cost for x service,
20 × 200 + 5y = 9000 y = 75x + 4000
5y = 9000 - 4000 Charge for per visit = 115
y = 5000 = 1000 Total revenue for x service,
5
Monthly fee paid by Rich child is `1000. y = 115x
Difference in monthly fee paid by poor child and a At breakeven revenue must be equal to cost.
rich child = 1000 - 200 = `800 Thus, 115x = 75x + 4000
(iv) Total monthly collection of fees from batch II, 40x = 4000
Poor children = 10
x = 100
Rich children = 20 Thus, 100 lawns/month are required for breakeven.
Total monthly collection of fees from batch II (ii) Revenue required to break even,
= 10 × 200 + 200 × 800 y = 115 × 100
= 2000 + 16000 = 11500 Rs per month
= `18000 (iii) Revenue for 90 services,
y = 115x
110. Lawn Service : Nitin and his sons run a lawn service,
which includes mowing, edging, trimming, and = 115 × 90 = 1015 Rs
aerating a lawn. His fixed cost includes insurance,
111. Production of Frying Pan : Due to high market
his salary, and monthly payments on equipment, and
demand, a manufacturer decides to introduce a new
amounts to Rs 4000 per month. The variable costs
line of frying pan. By using existing factory space and
include gas, oil, hourly wages for his employees, and
retraining some employees, fixed costs are estimated
miscellaneous expenses, which run about Rs 75 per
at Rs 84000/mo. The components to assemble and
lawn. The average charge for full service lawn care is
test each frying pan are expected to run Rs 450 per
Rs 115 per visit.
unit. If market research shows consumers are willing
(i) How many lawns Nitin must service each month
to pay at least Rs 690 for this product, find
to break even ?
(i) How many units must be made and sold each
(ii) What is the revenue required to break even ? month to break even ?
(iii)What is the revenue if they get 90 services ?
(ii) What is the revenue required to break even ?

Sol : Sol :
Let x represent the number of service. Break even Let x represent the number of units made. Break
point occur when cost is equal to revenue. Let y even point occur when cost is equal to revenue. Let y
represent both cost and revenue at break even since represent both cost and revenue at break even since
they are equal. they are equal.
Page 86 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

(i) Fixed cost = 84000 Rs If 3800 tickets in all were sold,

Variable cost for each unit = 450 Rs a + c = 3800 (3)
Total cost, for making in x unit, Multiply the equation (2) by 13 we have
y = 450x + 84000 13a + 13c = 49400 (4)
Projected Revenue, y = 690x Subtracting (4) from (2) we have
At breakeven revenue must be equal to cost. Thus 5a = 11590
450x + 84000 = 690x
a = 11590
5 = 2318
45x + 8400 = 69x
Substituting a = 2318 in (3) we have
8400 = 24x & x = 350
2318 + c = 3800
Thus, 350 units/month are required for breakeven.
(ii) Revenue required to break even, a = 3800 - 2318 = 1482
y = 690 × 350 Thus 2318 adult tickets and 1482 child tickets were
sold.
= 241500 Rs per month
113. Alumni Contributions : Alumni can help college sustain
112. Theatre Productions : A play is a work of drama, through their donations and voluntary help. Alumni
usually consisting mostly of dialogue between can also be helpful in providing valuable financial,
characters and intended for theatrical performance intellectual and human resource. If a big chunk of
rather than just reading. Comedies are plays which money that institutes require comes from alumni, it
are designed to be humorous. Comedies are often will help those institutes remain competitive.
filled with witty remarks, unusual characters, and
strange circumstances. Certain comedies are geared
toward different age groups.

At a recent production of a comedy drama, the

Ravindra Rangmanch Theater brought in a total of
Rs 304950 in revenue. If adult tickets were Rs 90 and
children’s tickets were Rs 65, how many tickets of
each type were sold if 3800 tickets in all were sold?
Sol : Alumni association of NIT Kuruskhstra donated Rs
Let a represent the number of adult tickets sold and c 100,000 to his alma mater. The college used the funds
represent the number of child tickets sold. to make a loan to a science student at 7% interest and
Since adult tickets were Rs 90 and children’s tickets a loan to a engineering student at 6% interest. That
were Rs 65, revenue is Rs 304950, thus year the college earned Rs 6350 in interest.
90a + 65c = 304950 (1) (i) How much was loaned to engineering student?
(ii) How much was loaned to science student?
18a + 13c = 60990 (2)
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 87

Sol : (i) What is my (Jenish’s) normal walking speed?

Let s represent the loan made to the science student (ii) What was the speed of the walkway in feet per
and n represent the loan made to the engineering second?
student. College earned total Rs 6350 interest, 7%
interest from science student and 6% interest from Sol :
engineering student and. Thus Let w represent the speed of the walkway and j
7
s + 100
6
n = 6350 represent Jenish’s walking speed.
100
(i) In the direction of walkway,
0.07s + 0.06n = 6350 (1)
32 (j + w) = 256
Since total amount was Rs 100,000, we have
j+w = 8 (1)
s + n = 100000 (2)
Opposite direction of walkway,
Substituting s = 100000 - n from (2) in (1) we have
320 (j - w) = 256
0.07 (100000 - n) + 0.06n = 6350
7000 - 0.07n + 0.06n = 6350 10j - 10w = 8 (2)
Multiplying eq (1) with 10 we have
- 0.01n = 6350 - 7000
10j + 10w = 80 (3)
- 0.01n = - 650
Adding eq (2) and (3) we have
n = --0.01
650 = 65000
20j = 88 & j = 20 88 = 4.4 ft/sec
Now substituting n = 65000 in (ii) we have
(ii) Substituting above value of j in (1) we have
s = 100000 - 65000 = 35000
4.4 + w = 8
(i) Rs 65000 was loaned to the engineering student.
(ii) Rs 35000 was loaned to the science student. w = 8 - 4.4 = 3.6 ft/sec

114. Airport Walkways : A moving walkway, also known as 115. Nutrition : Shalvi wants to use milk and orange juice
an autowalk, is a slow-moving conveyor mechanism that to increase the amount of calcium and vitamin A in
transports people across a horizontal or inclined plane her daily diet. An ounce of milk contains 38 milligrams
over a short to medium distance. Moving walkways of calcium and 56 micrograms of vitamin A. An ounce
can be used by standing or walking on them. They are of orange juice contains 5 milligrams of calcium and
often installed in pairs, one for each direction. 60 micrograms of vitamin A. How many ounces of
milk and orange juice should she drink each day to
provide exactly 550 milligrams of calcium and 1,200
micrograms of vitamin A?

As part of an algebra field trip, Jenish takes his

class to the airport to use their moving walkways
for a demonstration. The class measures the longest
walkway, which turns out to be 256 ft long. Using a
stop watch, Jenish shows it takes him just 32 sec to
complete the walk going in the same direction as the
walkway. Walking in a direction opposite the walkway,
it takes him 320 sec (10 times as long!). The next day
in class, Jenish hands out a two question quiz:
Page 88 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

Sol : Sol :
Let x represent the number of ounces of milk and y Let x represent the amount of 50% solution and y
represent number of ounces of orange juice. represent amount of 80% solution.
Next we summarize the given information in table. Since 100 millilitres are required, so
x + y = 100 (1)
Milk Orange Juice Total Needed
Since 68% of the 100 millilitres must be acid, so
Calcium 38x 5y 550
0.50x + 0.80y = 0.68 (100)
Vitamin A 56x 60y 1,200
0.50x + 0.80y = 68 (2)
For calcium, 38x + 5y = 550 (1) Multiplying eq (2) by 2 we have
For Vitamin A, 56x + 60y = 1200 (2) x + 1.60y = 136 (3)
Multiplying eq (1) by 12 we have
Subtracting eq (1) from (iii) we have
456x + 60y = 6600 (3)
0.60y = 36 & y = 0.6036 = 60 millilitres
Subtracting eq (2) from (iii) we have
400x = 5400 Substituting y = 60 in (i) we get x = 40 millilitres
Thus chemist must use 40 ml of 50% solution and
x = 400 = 13.5
5400
60 ml of 80% solution.
Substituting x = 13.5 in eq (1) we have
117. Nutrition : Pathmeda village near Sanchore has Gopal
38 × 13.5 + 5y = 550
Govardhan Gaushala, the largest Gaushala in India,
513 + 5y = 550 spread over 200 acres. The gaushala takes care of
5y = 550 - 513 = 37 more than 18,000 cattle.

y = 5 = 7.2
37
Thus Shalvi should drink 13.5 ounce of milk and 7.2
ounce of orange juices

116. CHEMISTRY : When you mix two or more substances

with different levels of concentration, the final solution
does not simply equate to the combined concentration
levels of the original ingredients. It depends on the
concentration of each solution.

Cows of Pathmeda gaushala in an experiment are to

be kept on a strict diet. Each cow is to receive, among
other things, 20 grams of protein and 6 grams of fat.

Rahman works as a chemist in Biolab Pvt Ltd at The laboratory technician is able to purchase two
Jaipur. He has two solutions of hydrochloric acid in food mixes of the following compositions:
stock: a 50% solution and an 80% solution. He want Mix A has 10% protein and 6% fat,
to make 100 milliliters of a 68% solution? How much Mix B has 20% protein and 2% fat.
of each should be used to obtain 100 milliliters of a
How many grams of each mix should be used to obtain
68% solution?
the right diet for a single cow ?
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 89

Sol : Since purity of gold must be 14 carat, so

Let x represent number of grams of Mix A and y
12 x + 18 y = 14 × 10
represent number of grams of Mix B . Now we prepare 24 24 24
the following table. 12x + 18y = 140 (2)

Mix A Mix B Total Nutrition Multiplying eq (1) by 18 and subtracting (ii) from it
we have
Protein 0.10x 0.20y 20
6x = 40 & x = 40 = 6 2
Fat 0.06x 0.02y 6 6 3
Now substituting x = 6 3 in eq (1) we have
2
For protein requirement,
6 32 + y = 10
0.1x + 0.2y = 20
y = 10 - 6 23 = 3 13
x + 2y = 200 (1)
Thus 6 23 grams of 12 carat gold and 3 13 grams of 18
For fat requirement,
carat gold is required to make 10 gram of 14 carat
0.06x + 0.02y = 6 gold.
6x + 2y = 600 (2)
119. BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS : It costs a small recording
Subtracting eq (1) from (2) we have
company Rs 176, 800 to prepare a compact disc. This
5x = 400 & x = 80 is a one-time fixed cost that covers recording, package
Substituting x = 80 in eq (1) we have design, and so on. Variable costs, including such
80 + 2y = 200 things as manufacturing, marketing, and royalties, are
Rs 46 per CD.
2y = 200 - 80 = 120 (i) If the CD is sold to music shops for Rs 80 each,
y = 2 = 60
120 how many must be sold for the company to break
even?
Thus 80 grams Mix A and 60 grams Mix B should (ii) What is the break even revenue ?
be used.

118. Gold Mixing : A jeweller has two bars of gold alloy in

stock, one of 12 carats and the other of 18 carats (24
carat gold is pure gold, 12 carat is 1224 pure, 18 carat
gold is 1824 pure, and so on). How many grams of each
alloy must be mixed to obtain 10 grams of 14 carat
gold?

Sol :
Let x represent the number of CD made. Break even
point occur when cost is equal to revenue. Let y
represent both cost and revenue at break even since
they are equal.
Fixed cost = 176800 Rs
Sol : Variable cost for each CD = 46 Rs
Let x represent the grams of 12 carat pure gold and y Total cost, for making in x CD,
represent the grams of 18 carat pure gold. y = 46x + 176800
Since 10 gram of gold is required, so Projected Revenue, y = 80x
x + y = 10 (1) At breakeven revenue must be equal to cost. Thus
Page 90 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

46x + 176800 = 80x Since we require 4000 keyboard, thus

176800 = 34x 40x + 20y = 4000

x = 176800 = 5,200 2x + y = 200 (1)

34
Since we require 4000 screens, thus
Now substituting x = 5200 in y = 80x we have
32x + 32y = 4000
y = 80 × 5200 = 416000 Rs
x + y = 125 (2)
(i) 5200 CDs must be sold for the company to break
even. Subtracting eq (2) from (1) we have
(ii) Break even revenue is Rs 416000. x = 75 hours
Substituting above value of x in (ii) we have
120. Production : Ridhima Electronics Pvt . Ltd is main
supplier for CASIO for electronics component. They 75 + y = 125
manufactures keyboards and screens for graphing y = 125 - 75 = 50 hours
calculators at plants in Bangalore and Bhiwadi. The
hourly production rates at each plant are given in the Thus Bangalore plant should be operated for 75 hours
table. How many hours should each plant be operated and Bhiwadi plant should be operated for 50 hours.
to fill an order for exactly 4,000 keyboards and exactly
121. NUTRITION : Orange trees thrive in warm,
4,000 screens?
Mediterranean climates where there is no threat
Plant Keyboards Screens of frost. This full-sun plant produces the best fruit
when provided with optimal moisture, light and
Bangalore 40 32
nutrition, in the form of fertilization. Orange trees
Bhiwadi 20 32 require fertilization three times per year. You need
to increase fertilizer amounts as the tree ages and
becomes established. Complete nutrition is essential
for a healthy tree.

A fruit grower can use two types of fertilizer in an

orange grove, brand A and brand B. Each bag of
brand A contains 8 pounds of nitrogen and 4 pounds
Sol : of phosphoric acid. Each bag of brand B contains 7
Let x represent number of hours Bangalore plant is pounds of nitrogen and 7 pounds of phosphoric acid.
operated and y represent number of hours Bhiwadi Tests indicate that the grove needs 720 pounds of
plant is operated. nitrogen and 500 pounds of phosphoric acid.
We summarized production in following table. (i) How many bags of brand A should be used to
provide the required amounts of nitrogen and
Bangalore Bhiwadi Requirement
phosphoric acid?
Keyboards 40x 20y 4000 (ii) How many bags of brand B should be used to
Screens 32x 32y 4000 provide the required amounts of nitrogen and
phosphoric acid?
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 91

Sol : Sol :
Let a represent requirement of bag of brand A and b Let x and y be the number of commercial and non-
represent requirement of bag of brand B. commercial orbital launches.
Each bag of brand A contains 8 pounds of nitrogen In 2013 there was a total of 81 commercial and
and 4 pounds of phosphoric acid. Each bag of brand noncommercial orbital launches worldwide. Thus
B contains 7 pounds of nitrogen and 7 pounds of
x + y = 81 ...(1)
phosphoric acid.
The number of noncommercial orbital launches was
We summarized production in following table.
twelve more than twice the number of commercial
Brand A Brand B Requirement orbital launches. Thus

Nitrogen 8a 7b 720 y - 2x = 12 ...(2)

Subtracting eq (2) from eq (1), we get
Phosphoric acid 4a 7b 500
x + y - y + 2x = 81 - 12
(i) Since grove needs 720 pounds of nitrogen, we have
3x = 69 & x = 23
8a + 7b = 720 (1)
Substituting x = 23 in eq (1), we get
Since grove needs 500 pounds of phosphoric acid, we
have y = 81 - x = 81 - 23 = 58
4a + 7b = 500 (2) So, the number of commercial and non-commercial
orbital launches are 23 and 58 respectively.
Subtracting eq (2) from eq (1) we have
4a = 220 123. EARTH SCIENCE : An earthquake emits a primary
wave and a secondary wave. Near the surface of the
a = 55 Earth the primary wave travels at about 5 miles per
Thus 55 bags of brand A is required. second and the secondary wave at about 3 miles per
(ii) Multiplying eq (2) by 2 we have second. From the time lag between the two waves
8a + 14b = 1000 (3) arriving at a given receiving station, it is possible to
estimate the distance to the quake. (The epicenter can
Subtracting eq (1) from eq (iii) we have
be located by obtaining distance bearings at three or
7b = 280 & b = 280 7
= 40 more stations.) Suppose a station measured a time
difference of 16 seconds between the arrival of the two
Thus 40 bags of brand B is required.
waves.
122. Orbital Launches : In 2013 there was a total of 81 (i) How long did each wave travel ?
commercial and noncommercial orbital launches (ii) How far was the earthquake from the station ?
worldwide. In addition, the number of noncommercial
orbital launches was twelve more than twice the
number of commercial orbital launches. Determine
the number of commercial and noncommercial orbital
launches in 2013.

Sol :
Let p represent time of primary wave and s represent
time for secondary wave
Since time difference is 16 second
s - p = 16 (1)
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 93

Substituting these values in the given equation, we Jyoti travelled 90 km every day to reach her home
have town in Harbin. One day, when she started, after
132 = a + b(2)2 riding a certain distance, she stopped for some time
to repair his bicycle. After which she completes the
132 = a + 4b (2) whole journey of 90 km at half speed in 12 hours. If
Subtracting eq (1) from (2) we have the breakdown had occurred 10 km farther off, she
- 48 = 3b & b = - 16 would have done the whole journey in 11 hours.
(i) Find where the breakdown occurred.
Now substituting above value of b in (i) we have
(ii) Find her original speed.
180 = a - 16 & a = 196
Sol :
Thus a = 196 and b = - 16 Let x be the distance of the place where breakdown
(ii) The height of the building is represented by s , the occurred and y be the original speed.
distance of the object above the ground, when t = 0, x + 90 - x = 12
Now y
Since from part (i),we now know y 2

s = 196 - 16t 2 or x + 180 - 2x = 12

y y
From above equation, when t = 0, s = 196 feet is the x + 180 - 2x = 12y
height of the building. x + 12y = 180 ...(1)
(iii) The object falls until s , its distance above the x + 10 90 - (x + 10)
ground, is zero. Since and + y = 11
y 2
s = 196 - 16t 2 x + 10 + 180 - 2 (x + 10 ) = 11
y y
Substituting s = 0 we have
x + 10 + 180 - 2x - 20 = 11y
0 = 196 - 16t 2
- x + 170 = 11y
16t 2 = 196
x + 11y = 170 (2)
t 2 = 196 & t = 14 = 3.5 sec
16 4 Subtract equation (2) from (1), y = 10 km/hr.

126. Jyoti Kumari is an Indian student from Sirhulli in Now from (2), x + 11 × 10 = 170 & x = 60 km
the rural Darbhanga district of Bihar. She came to (i) Break down occurred at 60 km.
notice after she bicycled some 1,200 km with her (ii) Her original speed was 10 km/hr.
injured father to reach their home village during
127. At some point, it’s time to kick, or gently ease, kids off
COVID-19 lockdowns in India. This act of bravery
the parental gravy train. The circle graph shows the
was praised by the Senior Advisor to the President of
percentage of parents who think significant financial
the United States, Ivanka Trump, and Prime Minister
support should end at various milestones.
Narendra Modi. She was given a national award, and
a Bollywood film was proposed to record her story.
Page 94 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

The difference in the percentage who would end this Sol :

support after completing college and after completing Let x and y be the number of pairs of shoes of both
high school is 6 %. style sold.
Since total of 320 pairs of cross-training shoes were
(i) Find the percentage of parents who would end
sold, we have
financial support after a child completes college.
(ii) Find the percentage of parents who would end x + y = 320 ...(1)
financial support after a child completes high One style sold for Rs 1139 and the other sold for Rs
school. 1459. The total receipts were Rs 420,480. Thus
Sol : 1459x + 1139y = 420480 ...(2)
According to the question, we have Substitution the value of y = 320 - x from (1) in (2),
x + y + 30 + 6 + 14 = 100 we get

x + y + 50 = 100 1139x + 1459(320 - x) = 420480

or x + y = 50 ...(1) 1139x + 466880 - 1459x = 420480
The difference in the percentage who would end this - 320x = - 46400 & x = 145
support after completing college and after completing Substitution x = 145 in eq (1), we get
high school is 6 %. Thus
y = 320 - x
x- y =6 ...(2)
= 320 - 145 = 175
Adding eq (1) and (2), we get
So, 145 and 175 pairs of shoes of style one and two
2x = 56 & x = 28 were sold.
Substituting x = 28 in eq (1), we get
129. Hostel Life : Banasthali Vidyapith, is a fully residential
y = 50 - x women’s university offering courses from primary
= 50 - 28 = 22 to Ph.D. level. It offers a number of UG, PG, and
(i) 28 % parents would end financial support after a Doctoral level Programs under various Departments.
child completes college. Admission to the same is done on the basis of merit
scored in qualifying examination, however, for some
(ii) 22 % parents would end financial support after a
courses, an aptitude test is also conducted at the
child completes high school.
university level.
128. Cash Register Malfunction : You are the manager of
a shoe store. On Sunday morning you are going over
the receipts for the previous week’s sales. A total of
320 pairs of cross-training shoes were sold. One style
sold for Rs 1135 and the other sold for Rs 1495. The
total receipts were Rs 420,480. The cash register that
was supposed to keep track of the number of each
type of shoe sold malfunctioned. Can you recover the
information? If so, how many of each type were sold?

Swati is doing MSc. in biotechnology from Banastli

Vidyapith and lives in university hostel. A part of
monthly hostel charge is fixed and the remaining
depends on the number of days one has taken food
in the mess. When Swati takes food for 18 days, she
has to pay Rs. 5160 as hostel charges whereas Taniya
who takes food for 23 days Rs. 5760 as hostel charges.
(i) Find the fixed charges of hostel.
(ii) Find the cost of food per day.
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 95

Sol : they rowed back downstream to the drop in point in

Let fixed charge be x and per day food cost be y . just 30 min. Use this information to find
x + 18y = 5160 ...(1) (i) Find the speed of the current.
x + 23y = 5760 ...(2) (ii) Find the speed Mohinder and Aslam would be
rowing in still water.
Subtracting (1) from (2) we have
5y = 600 * y = 120
Substituting this value of y in (1), we get
x + 18 × 120 = 5160
x = 5160 - 2160 = 3000
Thus x = 3000 and y = 120
(i) Fixed charges of hostel is Rs 3000.
(ii) Cost of food per day is Rs 120.

130. Uniform motion with current : Sol :

(R + C) t = d With the current Let c represent the speed of the current and s
(R - C) t = d Against the current represent the speed of the boat in still water.
The formula shown can be used to solve uniform To the drop point :
motion problems involving a current, where d (s - c) 2 = 4
represents distance travelled, R is the rate of the
s- c =2 (1)
object with no current, C is the speed of the current,
and t is the time. Vibhur rows 9 km up river (against Return to the drop point :
the current) in 3 hr. It only took him 1 hr to row 5 km (s + c) 1 = 4
downstream (with the current). 2
s +c = 8 (2)
(i) How fast was the current?
(ii) How fast can he row in still water? Adding eq (1) and (2) we have
2s = 10 & s = 5
Sol :
Substituting s = 5 in (ii) we get c = 3
We have (R + C) t = d With the current
(i) Speed of current is 3 mph
(R - C) t = d Against the current
(ii) Speed of boat in still water is 5 mph
Vibhur rows 9 km up river (against the current) in 3
hr. 132. Luxury Cruise : As India’s first domestic cruise liner,
Angriya has made many voyages on the Mumbai-Goa
Thus (R - C) 3 = 9
sea route, along the pristine Konkan Coast. It has
R - C=3 (1) given India and Indians a sense of pride and happiness,
It took him 1 hr to row 5 km downstream (with the while introducing the travelers to coral diversity and
current). royal sea forts along the way.
Thus (R + C) 1 = 5
R +C = 5 (2)
Adding eq (1) and (2) we have
2R = 8 & R = 4
Substituting R = 4 in (ii) we get C = 1
The current was 1 km/h. He can row 4 km/h in still
water.

131. Canoeing on a stream : On a recent camping trip, it

took Mohinder and Aslam 2 hr to row 4 mi upstream Last year we enjoyed our summer vacation at Angariya
from the drop in point to the camp site. After a cruise. From Mumbai to the Goa, with the current
leisurely weekend of camping, fishing, and relaxation, the trip took 70 hr. After a few days of fun in the sun,
Page 96 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

the ship leaves for Mumbai, against the current with t 1 = 1.5t 2
the return trip taking 82 hr. Since there is enough fuel for total fly of 20 hours,
(i) Find the speed of the current.
t 1 + t 2 = 20
(ii) Find the cruising speed of the ship.
1.5t2 + t 2 = 20
Sol :
2.5t2 = 20 & t2 = 2.5 = 8 hours
20
Let c represent the speed of the current and s
represent the cruising speed of the ship.
Distance travelled in 8 hour in return fly
Trip to the Goa,
= (150 + 30) × 8
(s + c) 70 = 1435
= 1,440 miles
2s + 2c = 41 (1)
Return to Mumbai, 134. Computing a Refund : The grocery store we use does
not mark prices on its goods. My wife went to this
(s - c) 82 = 1435
store, purchased three 1-kg packages of almond and
2s - 2c = 35 (2) two 500-gram packages cashew, and paid a total of Rs
Adding eq (1) and (2) we have 1345. Not knowing that she went to the store, I also
went to the same store, purchased two 1-kg packages
4s = 76 & s = 19 kmph
of almond and three 500-gram packages cashew, and
Subtracting eq (2) from (1) we have paid a total of Rs 1145. Now we want to return two
4c = 6 & s = 1.5 kmph 1-kg packages of almond and two 500-gram packages
cashew. How much will be refunded?
133. Point of No Return : The point during a flight at
which an aircraft is no longer capable of returning
to the airfield from which it took off due to fuel
considerations. Beyond this point the aircraft must
proceed to some other destination.

Sol :
Let x and y be the price of 1-kg package of almond
A plane carries enough fuel for 20 hours of flight at and one 500-gram packages cashew.
an airspeed of 150 miles per hour. How far can it fly Since my wife purchased three 1-kg packages of
into a 30 mph headwind and still have enough fuel to almond and two 500-gram packages cashew, and paid
return to its starting point? a total of Rs 1345, we have
Sol : 3x + 2y = 1345 ...(1)
Let t1 represent the time taken in fly. Distance Since I purchased two 1-kg packages of almond and
travelled in fly is (150 - 30) t1. three 500-gram packages cashew, and paid a total of
Let t2 represent time taken in return. Distance Rs 1145, thus
travelled in return fly is (150 + 30) t 2.
2x + 3y = 1145 ...(2)
Since these both distance is equal,
Multiplying eq (1) by 3 and eq (2) by 2, we get
(150 - 30) t 1 = (150 + 30) t 2
9x + 6y = 4035 ...(3)
120t1 = 180t 2
4x + 6y = 2290 ...(4)
2t1 = 3t 2
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 97

Subtracting eq (4) from eq (3), we get 10 x + 5 y = 120

100 100
5x = 1745 & x = 349
2x + y = 2400 ...(2)
Substituting x = 34.9 in eq (2), we get
Subtracting eq (1) from (2) we have
3 × 349 + 2y = 1345
x = 900
2y = 298 & y = 149 Substituting x = 900 in eq (1), we get
Thus price of one 1-kg packages of almond is Rs 349 y = 1500 - 900 = 600
and price of one 500-gram packages cashew is Rs 149.
So, amount invested in AA bond and fixed deposit are
Since we want to return two 1-kg packages of almond
Rs 900 thousand and Rs 600 thousand respectively.
and two 500-gram packages cashew, refunded amount,
(ii) Now the couple requires Rs 140,000 or Rs 140
2x + 2y = 2 × 349 + 2 × 149 = 996 Rs thousand year in income, thus
135. Financial Planning : Planning for retirement starts 10 x + 5 y = 140
100 100
with thinking about your retirement goals and how
long you have to meet them. Then you need to look 2x + y = 2800 ...(3)
at the types of retirement accounts that can help you and rewriting x + y = 1500 ...(1)
raise the money to fund your future. As you save that Subtracting eq (3) from (4) we have
money, you have to invest it to enable it to grow.
x = 1300
Substituting x = 1300 in eq (3), we get
y = 1500 - 1300 = 200
So, amount invested in AA bond and fixed deposit are
Rs 1300 thousand and Rs 200 thousand respectively.

136. Actual Number of Calories : University of Arkansas

researchers discovered that we underestimate the
number of calories in restaurant meals. The next time
you eat out, take the number of calories you think you
ate and double it.

A recently retired couple needs Rs 120,000 per year

to supplement their Social Security. They have Rs
1,500,000 to invest to obtain this income. They have
decided on two investment options: AA bonds yielding
10% per annum and a fixed deposit yielding 5%.
(i) How much should be invested in each to realize The researchers concluded that this number should
exactly Rs 120,000? be a more accurate estimate. The actual number of
(ii) If, after 2 years, the couple requires Rs 140,000 calories in one portion of hamburger and fries and
per year in income, how should they reallocate two portions of pizza is 4240. The actual number of
their investment to achieve the new amount? calories in two portions of hamburger and fries and
one portion of pizza is 3980.
Sol :
(i) Find the actual number of calories in one portions
Let x and y be the amount invested in AA bonds and
of hamburger and fries.
fixed deposit respectively.
(ii) Find the actual number of calories in one portions
Since they have Rs 1,500,000 or 1500 thousand to
of pizza.
invest, we have
x + y = 1500 ...(1) Sol :
Let number of calories in one portion of hamburger
(i) AA bonds yielding 10% per annum and a fixed
and fries be x and in one portion of pizza be y .
deposit yielding 5% giving Rs 120,000 or Rs 120
thousand exactly, thus The actual number of calories in one portion of
hamburger and fries and two portions of pizza is 4240.
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 99

The cost of type A mask is Rs. 15 and of type B mask Alternative :

is Rs. 20. In the month of April, 2020, the store sold Since extra profit is Rs 5 on per mask and total mask
100 masks for total sales of Rs. 1650. sold are 310, thus extra profit = 310 × 5 = 1550 .
(i) How many masks of each type were sold in the
month of April? 139. Wilt Chamberlain : Wilton Norman “Wilt”
Chamberlain was an American basketball player, and
(ii) If the store had sold 50 masks of each type, what
played in the NBA during the 1960s. At 7 feet 1 inch,
would be its sales in the month of April?
he was the tallest and heaviest player in the league
(iii) Due to great demand and short supply, the store
for most of his career, and he was one of the most
has increased the price of each type by Rs. 5 from
famous people in the game for many years. He is the
May 1, 2020. In the month of May, 2020, the store
first and only basketball player to score 100 points in
sold 310 masks for total sales of Rs. 6875. How
an NBA game.
many masks of each type were sold in the month
of May?
(iv) What percent of masks of each type sale was
increased in the month of May, compared with
the sale of month April?
(v) What extra profit did store earn by increasing
price in May month.
Sol :
(i) Let x be the mask of type A sold and y be the
type of mask B sold in April.
Now x + y = 100 ...(1)
and 15x + 20y = 1650 ...(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 15 and subtracting from
(2) we obtain,
5y = 150 & y = 30
x = 100 - 30 = 70
Hence 70 masks of type A , and 30 masks of type B
were sold.
(ii) Total Sales = 50 × 15 + 50 × 20 = 1750 In the 1961–1962 NBA basketball season, Wilt
(iii) Let x be the mask of type A sold and y be the Chamberlain of the Philadelphia Warriors made 30
type of mask B sold in April. baskets. Some of the baskets were free throws (worth
Now, x + y = 310 ...(1) 1 point each) and some were field goals (worth 2
points each). The number of field goals was 10 more
and 20x + 25y = 6875 ...(ii) than the number of free throws.
Multiplying equation (1) by 20 and subtracting it (i) How many field goals did he make ?
from equation (2), we obtain
(ii) How many free throws did he make?
5y = 675 & y = 135 (iii)What was the total number of points scored?
x = 310 - 135 = 175 (iv) If Wilt Chamberlain played 5 games during this
season, what was the average number of points
(iv) Increase in type A = 175 - 70 × 100 = 150 % per game?
70
Increase in type B = 105 - 30 × 100 = 350 % (v) If Wilt Chamberlain played 10 games during this
30 season, what was the average number of points
(v) Total sale value in May at old price per game?
= 175 × 15 + 135 × 20 = 5325 Sol :
Total sale value in May at new price = 6875 (i) Let x be the free throw and y be the fixed goal.
Extra Profit = 6875 - 5325 = 1550 As per question
Chap 3 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Page 101

(iv) How much amount collected if 300 children and (iii) What is the exact cost of the notebook?
350 adults visited the park? (iv) What is the exact cost of the pen?
(v) One day total visited children and adults together (v) What is the total cost if they purchase the same
is 750 and the total amount collected is Rs 212500. type of 15 notebooks and 12 pens.
What are the number of children and adults
visited the park ? Sol :
Sol : (i) Consider the prices mentioned by Ramesh.
(i) Since 480 people visited, we obtain x + y = 480 . If the price of one notebook is Rs. 25 and the price of
one pen is Rs. 2.50 then,
Collected amount is Rs 134500 thus
The cost of 4 notebooks would be : 4 × 25 = 100 Rs
150x + 400y = 134500 & 3x + 8y = 2690
And the cost for 3 pens would be : 3 × 2.5 = 7.5 Rs
(ii) Solving the equations x + y = 480 and
Aditya should have paid 100 + 7.5 = 107.5 Rs.
3x + 8y = 2690 we get x = 230 and y = 250
Number of children attended = 230 But he paid Rs. 110, thus Ramesh’s estimation is
wrong.
Number of adults attended = 250
Now, consider the prices mentioned by Amar.
(iii) Number of adults visited the park = 250
The cost of 4 notebooks, if one is for Rs.16, would be
(iv) Amount = 150 × 300 + 400 × 350 = 185000 Rs
: 4 × 16 = 64 Rs
(v) Solving the equations x + y = 750 and
And the cost for 3 pens, if one is for Rs. 16, would be
150x + 400y = 212500 & 3x + 8y = 4250 we have
: 3 × 16 = 64 Rs
x = 350 and y = 400
Aditya should have paid 64 + 48 = 112 Rs but this is
i.e Number of children = 350
more than the price he paid.
Number of adults = 400.
Therefore, Amar’s estimation is also wrong.
142. Dipesh bought 3 notebooks and 2 pens for Rs. 80. His (ii) According to the statement, we have
friend Ramesh said that price of each notebook could 3x + 2y = 80 and 4x + 3y = 110
be Rs. 25. Then three notebooks would cost Rs.75,
(iii) Solving 3x + 2y = 80 and 4x + 3y = 110 we get
the two pens would cost Rs. 5 and each pen could be
for Rs. 2.50. Another friend Amar felt that Rs. 2.50 x = 20 and y = 10
for one pen was too little. It should be at least Rs. 16. Thus cost of 1 notebook is 20 Rs and cost of 1 pen is
Then the price of each notebook would also be Rs.16. 10 Rs
(iv) Cost of 1 pen = Rs. 10
(v) Total cost 15 × 20 + 12 × 10 = 420 Rs

143. Jodhpur is the second-largest city in the Indian state

of Rajasthan and officially the second metropolitan
city of the state. Jodhpur was historically the capital
of the Kingdom of Marwar, which is now part of
Rajasthan. Jodhpur is a popular tourist destination,
featuring many palaces, forts, and temples, set in the
stark landscape of the Thar Desert. It is popularly
known as the “Blue City” among people of Rajasthan
and all over India. The old city circles the Mehrangarh
Fort and is bounded by a wall with several gates. The
city has expanded greatly outside the wall, though,
over the past several decades. Jodhpur is also known
Aditya also bought the same types of notebooks and for the rare breed of horses known as Marwari or
pens as Dipesh. He paid 110 for 4 notebooks and 3 Malani, which are only found here.
pens.
(i) Whether the estimation of Ramesh and Amar is
applicable for Aditya?
(ii) Let the cost of one notebook be x and that of
pen be y . Which of the following set describe the
given problem ?
Page 102 Pair of Linear Equation in Two Variables Chap 3

Last year we visited Jodhpur in a group of 25 friends.

When we went Mehrangarh fort we found following
fare for ride :

Ride Normal Hours Fare Peak Hours Fare

Horse Rs 50 3 Times
Elephant Rs 100 2 Times
Some people choose to ride on horse and rest choose
to ride on elephant.
(i) First day we rode in normal hours and we paid
Rs 1950 for ride. Let x be the number of horses
hired and y be the number elephants hired.
Which of the following is the correct system of
equation that model the problem ?
(ii) How many horses were hired ?
(iii) How many elephant were hired ?
(iv) Next day we rode in peak hours, then how much
total fare was paid by our group?
(v) What was the increase in total fare because of
peak hours ride ?
Sol :
(i) Let x be the number of horses hired and y be the
number of elephant hired, then we have x + y = 25
and 50x + 100y = 1950 & x + 2y = 39
(ii) Solving equations x + y = 25 and x + 2y = 39 we
get x = 11 and y = 14 .
Number of horses hired = 11
(iii) Number of elephant hired = 14.
(iv) For horse riding fare = 3 × 50 × 11 = 1650 Rs.
For elephant ride fare = 2 × 100 × 14 = 2800 Rs
Total fare = 1650 + 2800 = 4450 Rs
(v) Total fare in normal hour = 1950
Total fare in peak hour = 4450
Extra fare = 4450 - 1950 = 2500

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