Faecal Sludge and

Septage Co-Treatment
Design Guidebook
Volume II: Operationalization and Management

Recommendations for co-treatment

of faecal sludge and septage with sewage
at Kargi Chowk STP in Dehradun

MARCH 2021

National Institute of Urban Affairs

 Faecal Sludge and
Septage Co-Treatment
Design Guidebook
Volume II: Operationalization and Management

Recommendations for co-treatment

of faecal sludge and septage with sewage
at Kargi Chowk STP in Dehradun

MARCH 2021

National Institute of Urban Affairs

TITLE
Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Volume II: Operationalization and Management
Recommendations for co-treatment of faecal sludge and septage with sewage at Kargi Chowk STP in Dehradun

RESEARCH PROJECT
Sanitation Capacity Building Platform (SCBP), National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), New Delhi

Copyright © NIUA (2021)

Year of Publishing 2021

CONTENT
Content for the report is developed by National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), New Delhi

SENIOR DOMAIN EXPERT AND TEAM LEAD

Depinder Kapur

PREPARED BY
Parth Kamath, Shantanu Padhi and Rahul Mankotia NIUA, New Delhi

DISCLAIMER
This is a draft report on the co-treatment project at the Kargi Chowk STP in Dehradun. It is prepared under the
NIUA-UDD, Govt. of Uttarakhand engagement to support the state in mainstreaming decentralised solutions. This
report provides sample documents that will be useful for the operating and maintenace team of the co-treatment
facility. The findings of the study ‘Co-Treatment of Septage at STPs of Ganga Towns in Uttarakhand’ done by IIT
Roorkee has also been referred during preparation of this document.

While every effort has been made to ensure the correctness of data/information used in this report, NIUA does
not accept any legal liability for the accuracy or inferences drawn from the material contained therein or for
any consequences arising from the use of this material. No part of this report may be reproduced in any form
(electronic or print) without prior permission from or intimation to NIUA.

THE FULL REPORT SHOULD BE REFERENCED AS FOLLOWS

NIUA (2021), Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Volume II: Operationalization and
Management Recommendations for co-treatment of faecal sludge and septage with sewage at Kargi Chowk STP
in Dehradun

Text from this report can be quoted provided the source is acknowledged.

Design
Deep Pahwa, NIUA
Devender Singh Rawat, NIUA
Bhavnesh Bhanot, NIUA
Preeti Shukla, NIUA

CONTACT
National Institute of Urban Affairs
1st and 2nd Floor Core 4B, India Habitat Centre,
Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
Website: www.niua.org, scbp.niua.org

ii | Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management
 Contents
ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................................... V
1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 1
2. TERMS OF REFERENCE................................................................................................... 3
3. PROTOCOL FOR TRIAL RUNS & MONITORING OF CO-TREATMENT PLANT......................... 8
4. SAMPLE BIDDING DOCUMENT...................................................................................... 14
5. REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 28
ANNEXURE
1 - List of plant operating staff at co-treatment plant............................................................11
2 - Documents for record keeping at a co-treatment plant.....................................................11

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Decision making approach 2

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Data pertaining to basic information 3

Table 2: Timetable of activities 9

Table 3: Plant operating staff at co-treatment plant 11

Table 4: Checklist for monitoring 11

Table 5: Forms for monitoring the faecal sludge and septage receiving at co-treatment plant
12

Table 6: Sample form for data collection at the co-treatment plant 12

Table 7: Sample information 13

Table 8: Testing schedule 13

Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management | iii
iv | Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management
ABBREVIATIONS

BIS Bureau of Indian Standard

BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
CAPEX Capital Expenditure
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
CPHEEO Central Public Health & Environmental Engineering Organization
DPR Detailed Project Report
DWPE Dewatering Polyelectrolyte
FGD Focus Group Discussion
FSS Faecal Sludge and Septage
FSSM Faecal Sludge and Septage Management
GoI Government of India
GoUK Government of Uttarakhand
KII Key Informant Interview
LPCD Litres per Capita per Day
MIS Management Information System
MLD Million Liters per Day
MoHUA Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (Formerly known as MoUD)
MSL Mean Sea Level
NFSSMP National Faecal Sludge and Septage Management Policy
NIC National Informatics Centre
NIUA National Institute of Urban Affairs
NMCG National Mission for Clean Ganga
NUSP National Urban Sanitation Policy
OD Open Defecation
OPEX Operational Expenditure
OSS Onsite Sanitation System
OU Open Urination
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
SBM Swachh Bharat Mission
SLRM Solid Liquid Resource Management
TSS Total Suspended Solids
UDD Urban Development Department
UK Uttarakhand
UKEPPCB Uttarakhand Environment Protection and Pollution Control Board
UJS Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan
UPJN Uttarakhand Pey Jal Nigam

Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management | v
vi | Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management
 1
INTRODUCTION

The concept of co-treating faecal sludge and septage with sewage in sewage treatment plant is one
of the treatment techniques in Faecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM) that has gained
importance in the state of Uttarakhand. This report is the second volume of the Faecal Sludge and
Septage Co-treatment Design Guidebook first released in May 2020.

This report gives a set of working documents for the engineers from the parastatal bodies of
Uttarakhand namely, Uttarakhand Pey Jal Nigam and Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan. These personnel
can use this document as toolkit for implementing co-treatment facilities in their jurisdiction
where the STPs have spare capacity for treatment. The topics covered under this report are:

A) Terms of reference (ToR) document for design consultancy of the co-treatment plant
This section lists out the topics to be covered while hiring of consultants for designing of co-
treatment plant. It provides an idea regarding the information to be provided to a consultant
that will help in designing a safe and technically sound co-treatment solution. Furthermore,
it provides different aspects that a consultant needs to consider while preparing the design.
Finally, it lists down the deliverables from the consultant for that can form the part of tender
document for parastatal bodies to proceed further with the implementation of the co-treatment
project. The format of the ToR chapter is drafted as a ready template which can be referred for
preparing ToR by UJS or UPJN. The design details of the co-treatment facility at Kargi Chowk
STP are provided to UJS under the SCBP state support programme for FSSM under volume 1.

B) Protocol for trial runs and Monitoring of co-treatment plant

For a mechanical-based co-treatment plant implemented at a STP, there are certain steps
that needs to be undertaken before starting the operation of the plant. This section gives a
comprehensive overview of the steps to be taken for developing the operation team, set of
checks to be performed on equipment installed in the co-treatment plant, conduct monitoring of
co-treatment plant operations, etc. Additionally, certain monitoring protocols are also provided
for reference.

C) Sample bidding document for procurement of works

This section is a sample document representing the tender floated for implementing co-
treatment within a sewerage project in Uttarakhand. It gives a clear picture for parastatal
bodies as well as ULB officials about the FSSM aspects and the way to include it in their
sewerage management plans.

Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management | 1
1.1 Decision making approach for enabling co-treatment of Faecal Sludge and
Septage
In the Uttarakhand state, the rise in number of toilets under Swachh Bharat Mission has been
matched with the rise in number of on-site sanitation (OSS) systems such as septic tanks and
twin-pit systems. This has resulted in over 806 KLD of faecal sludge and septage from 91 towns.
However, only 22% is having some level of treatment through the sewage treatment plants. On
the other hand, half of the total installed capacity (445 MLD) of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in
the state is currently receiving sewage. This indicates a major potential for treating the FSS where
STPs with spare capacities exist. In view of this, the state government has enabled implementing co-
treatment facilities at the STPs with spare capacity through the Protocol for Septage Management
released in 2017.

A decision making approach presented below provides different situations of STP where co-
treatment can be introduced. The flow chart is indicative and factors like local conditions, capacity
of the ULB/parastatal bodies and socio-economic parameters also have to be considered while
making decision for co-treatment as a city-wide FSSM solution.

Figure 1: Decision making approach

Implementation of
co- treatment of FSS at various scenarios of STPs

STP in operational stage STP under construction STP in DPR or Proposal Stage

Within the Check Whether there can

Contract period over contract period of Include
addition in 'scope of work co-treatment in the STP design.
EPC/HAM/DBOT
include co-treatment

Assessment of the STP design and potential

for cotreatment
and quantify FS generation from target
areas by UJS/Pey Jal
No Yes
No Yes
Feasible

Tendering through Assessment of the STP design and

Individual FSTP potential for co-treatment and quantify
EPC/work contracts
for cotreatment units FS generation from target areas by
design consultant
Not Feasible
Method 2 Feasible Method 1

Solid - liquid separation Direct discharge Individual FSTP

To include Septage receiving To include Septage receiving

station, pretreatment station, pretreatment units at
units and dewatering units appropriate stage of the STP

Solid treatment at newly

procured dewatering
units and liquid FSS treatment along with
treatment by discharging incoming sewage flow
at main pumping station*

STP Operator to be responsible for maintaining record of the truckload or FSS being received at the
plant including collection of tipping fee if applicable & basic due diligence of incoming load

*Main pumping station here is referred to as the inlet point of a municipal STP. It is considered to be located before the screen chambers or mechanical screening units.

2 | Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Planning and Implementation
 2
TERMS OF REFERENCE

Project name: Design of co-treatment plant handling faecal sludge, septage and sewage at the
designated STP.

Project reference number: Identification number as per the Client’s record of project proposal

Subject: Design engineering consulting firm/agency/organization/individual consultant for the

‘Project Name’

Client name: Name of the client

1. Organizational background
This portion will entail a brief (4-5 lines) description of the client raising this ToR document.

2. Project background
The content under this heading will introduce the reader/s to the specific project situation; focus
shall be on the context of sanitation leading to the FSSM/sanitation service chain, especially the
treatment aspect.

3. Basic information
The basic information will be a tabulated presentation of data related to sanitation including
STP data where the co-treatment facility is envisaged.

Table 1: Data pertaining to basic information

Description Data
Population
Number of households
Number of government buildings
Number of commercial buildings
Number of public toilets
Number of community toilets
Number of vehicles for faecal sludge and septage collection
(government operated)
Number of trips made by the vehicle in a day from point of
collection to discharge (government operated)
Here, the capacities can be mentioned either
Capacity of vehicles (government operated; in KL)
individually or a cumulative figure.
Number of vehicles for faecal sludge and septage collection
(privately operated)

Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Planning and Implementation | 3
 Description Data
Number of trips made by the vehicle in a day from point of
collection to discharge (privately operated)
Here, the capacities can be mentioned either
Capacity of vehicles (privately operated; in KL)
individually or a cumulative figure.
This will be the design capacity of the wastewater
Treatment capacity of STP treatment plant (in KLD or MLD) where the co-
treatment facility is proposed.
Daily average wastewater inflow into the STP
Daily peak wastewater inflow into the STP
Here, the treatment philosophy adopted in the
WWTP shall be mentioned. For example, sequential
Scheme of treatment in the WWTP batch reactor (SBR) system, extended aeration
(EA) system, moving bed bio-reactor (MBBR)
system.

Specific details such as design data and operational data of the STP will only be provided by the
client after appointing the design consulting firm/agency/organization/individual consultant for
this assignment. Similarly, the characteristics of the faecal sludge and septage to be considered
in this assignment shall be provided by the client after appointing the design consulting firm/
agency/organization/individual consultant for this assignment.

(In case tge client is not able to perform FSS characterisation, it should be performed by the
design firm/agency/organisation/individual consultant. This change will also be reflected in the
earlier paragraph. Under no circumstances shall the design consultancy proceed without the
correct characterisation of FSS.)

4. Objectives of this consultancy assignment

To prepare a detailed engineering design of a co-treatment facility for the safe treatment and
disposal/reuse of faecal sludge and septage at the designated STP. This design is expected to
provide a detailed insight and analysis of the current situation and practices related to faecal
sludge and septage treatment and disposal. Additionally, a preliminary evaluation of the STP
functioning based on the operational data and design documents provided by the client is
also to be provided. This should form the basis of justifying that the STP has the potential to
co-treat faecal sludge and septage without causing any process upset or violation of discharge
standards for both effluent and biosolids.

5. Scope of work
The scope of work to be considered for this consultancy assignment shall include but not be
limited to the following:
a. Review the current data/practices followed with regards to the faecal sludge and septage
collection and transportation to the designated disposal site. Also, suggest any changes
appropriate to ensure complete and safe collection and transportation of faecal sludge and
septage to the co-treatment facility proposed under this consultancy assignment.
b. Review the design and operational data of the STP where the co-treatment facility is being
proposed, suggest any changes appropriate to operationalize co-treatment at the STP using
technical basis, and conduct process and hydraulic analyses of the proposed treatment
facility.
c. Prepare the detailed designs, technical specifications, bill of quantities, financial cost
estimates, and engineering drawings namely, process flow diagram, hydraulic flow diagram
and plant layout for the proposed work under this consultancy assignment.
d. During the design and adoption of a particular treatment technology, consideration should

4 | Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management
 be given for the technical and financial capacities of the client to build, install and operate
the proposed co-treatment facility.
e. Particular attention should be placed on:
i. Effluent and bio-solids discharge standards to be followed as per the concerned pollution
control authorities after the implementation co-treatment facility.
ii. Safety in handling the faecal sludge and septage treatment as per the standards
stipulated by name of applicable agencies whose protocol needs to be followed such as
the CPHEEO, etc.
c. Ensure availability for technical support and respond to design queries, if any, upon the
completion of this consultancy assignment. The maximum turnaround time (TAT) for any
queries related to this consultancy assignment is 30 days. In case the queries cannot be
sufficiently clarified through telephonic discussion or email correspondence, then the
consulting firm/agency/organization/individual consultant will be required to be present
for a meeting in person. Any expense incurred in this process shall be borne by the client.
d. Carry field visits to the project location as required to assess the faecal sludge and septage
management practices, STP operations, etc. However, any visit to the site shall require the
prior approval of the client. Also, a designated person from the client’s side shall be present
during the site visits pertaining to this consultancy assignment. The consultancy firm/
agency/organization/individual consultant shall present the expenses incurred during the
site visits in the form of original invoices for seeking reimbursement.
e. (If required, the client can do a basic cost estimation of a 3-day site visit and cap the amount
that one can seek as reimbursement for the site visit).

6. Issues to be considered
This section will enlist pointers giving the interested consulting firm/agency/organization/
individual consultant issues to be kept in mind while applying for this consultancy assignment.
Information can be (but not limited to) regarding the source of faecal sludge and septage to be
considered for designing the co-treatment facility as waste from households and institutions
like hospitals etc. do not have similar characteristics. Additionally, information about the STP
like the space available for installing the co-treatment facility near the wastewater treatment
plant, any specific treatment philosophy which the client wishes to support, etc. can also be
listed here.

7. Timeframe
The total assignment should be completed within number of days after signing the contract.
The consultancy firm/agency/organization/individual consultant will submit a work plan clearly
defining the key milestones within 5 working days of signing the contract. The work plan along
with milestones will be reviewed and approved by name of the client. It is anticipated that first
draft design report will be submitted after number of days of signing the contract. The final
report alongwith the requisite design engineering drawings will be submitted after number of
days of receiving the feedback. The consulting firm/agency/organization/individual consultant
will take into consideration the time required for meetings to acquire information pertaining to
the wastewater treatment plant operations considered for designing the co-treatment facility.
Furthermore, the meetings required at any stage for discussing the progress of the consultancy
assignment will be organized as necessary within the timeframe mentioned above.

Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management | 5
8. Deliverables
The deliverables of this consultancy assignment will include but not be limited to the following:
a. Inception report giving the initial design basis of the co-treatment facility to be installed
at the designated STP, including the design calculations for each treatment unit catering to
the receiving of faecal sludge and septage, treatment of faecal sludge and septage, and final
disposal of treated effluent and biosolids. Here, the final disposal of treated effluent shall
involve the mixing of liquid from the co-treatment facility with the wastewater entering the
STP. However, the design basis should clearly indicate the mixing of these waste streams
shall be in line with the scheme of treatment at the existing wastewater treatment plant.
b. Final report addressing all objectives and scope of work mentioned in this ToR and
incorporating the feedback provided on the inception report. The final report shall also
include the design engineering drawings namely, process flow diagram, hydraulic flow
diagram, and plant layout for the co-treatment facility. Furthermore, any relevant data or
photographs received as hardcopy or captured digitally during site visit/s shall be included
in the final report.
c. Presentation of the final report along with design drawings to the client.
d. Presentation of key findings and recommendations to the client.

9. Contents of the proposal

The proposal should include the details of the methodology followed for the design of co-
treatment facility catering to the faecal sludge and septage generated in the name of the
location where this project is targeted. Furthermore, it should also include the documents/data/
information gathered from the client or otherwise to achieve the safe co-treatment and disposal
of faecal sludge and septage as well as sewage. Finally, the list of activities and milestones,
budget details, time frame and curriculum vitae of persons involved in this assignment should
be submitted as part of the proposal.

10 . Qualifications and experience of the design consultant

a. A Bachelor or higher-level degree in civil engineering or environmental engineering.
b. A minimum of 7 years’ experience in:
i. planning and designing of centralized and decentralized wastewater systems, including
primary, secondary, and tertiary wastewater treatment system, passive and active
systems, pumping systems, and sludge and effluent management including safe treatment
and disposal or reuse, in situations and context similar to India;
b. preparation of technical specifications, cost estimates, tender documents, etc.; and
c. preparation of detailed design engineering drawings including process flow diagram,
hydraulic flow diagram, piping and instrumentation diagram, and reports accompanying
the engineering design.
d. Experience in wastewater management and design including faecal sludge management in
comparable situations in India.
e. Familiarity with AutoCAD, Adobe, Microsoft Office and other computer-based applications.
f. Excellent English speaking and writing skills.

11. Submission of application

Based on this ToR, interested consulting firm/agency/organization/individual consultant are
requested to submit their proposal within the stipulated timeframe as specified by the client.

6 | Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management
12. Submission guideline
a. The proposal needs to be submitted electronically within the stipulated timeframe and at
the designated email address as specified by the client.
b. Any proposal received after the deadline shall be deemed invalid.
c. Proposals submitted to any other email address other than above shall be deemed invalid.
d. The proposal should include the information mentioned in section 10 of this ToR. These
documents should be placed in a zip folder with the name of the consultancy firm/agency/
organization/individual consultant.
The client can specify the limit for number of pages to be considered for the submittal.

13. Payment terms or financial proposal

This section will be solely giving the payment terms against the scope of work mentioned in
this consultancy assignment. This can be a lumpsum contract wherein the client releases the
payment at the end of contract i.e. after submission and acceptance of the requisite documents.
Alternately, it can also be a milestone-based payment which will include release of payment after
the completion of each milestone that client stipulates at their discretion.

The payment terms can also be modified to financial proposal which shall require the person/s or
agency applying for this assignment define their own payment terms.

14. Contact person

Here, the contact details (Name, designation in the client’s organization, and email address) will
be provided.

15. Terms and conditions

a. Name of the client reserves the right to accept or reject any proposal without giving any
verbal and/or written explanation whatsoever.
b. Name of the client reserves the right to monitor the progress and quality of the work during
the assignment.
c. Name of the client will reserve the copyright to any document or information produced
during this assignment.
d. Name of the client reserves the right to reject or cancel the assignment at any time if it
determines that the selected person/s or agency have engaged in corrupt or fraudulent
practices either in competing for this assignment or during execution of this assignment.

The points mentioned here under the T&C are generic and will require client specific points to be
included while preparing the official ToR document.

Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management | 7
3
PROTOCOL FOR TRIAL RUNS &
MONITORING OF CO-TREATMENT
PLANT

A. Introduction
For newly built treatment plants handling faecal sludge and septage, it is necessary to provide
a transition period at the beginning of operation in order to assess the preliminary procedures.
This transition period is defined as the trial period for operationalizing the co-treatment plant,
after the completion of construction of the plant in supervision of designated organization/
agency responsible for faecal sludge and septage management.

Trial runs allow defining the frequency, safety measures, and communication lines for the
operation, maintenance and monitoring activities. During this time period, it is advisable
to have a frequent communication amongst the operating and administrative employees
involved in the starting-up of the treatment plant as well as troubleshooting any problems. The
troubleshooting of issues and problems while operation should be recorded in the monitoring
sheet.

Before conducting a trial run of a treatment plant, it is important to take into consideration
various administrative and operational procedures. This is helpful to eliminate any problems
or the potential for problems to arise while starting-up the treatment plant. The final standard
operating procedure for running the plant include important documents such as operation
manual, information sheets, monitoring sheets, logbooks, etc. will be prepared based on
the information collected during the trial run.

B. Protocol for trial run of a co-treatment plant

The activities to be followed to conduct a successful trial run is given below as a sequence
of events. Table 2 provides a sample timetable of activities for conducting a trial run for the
proposed co-treatment plant for treating faecal sludge and septage at the Kargi Chowk STP in
Dehradun. The following activities are suggestive and can be reduced or altered to the required
capacity or type of treatment plant, process or unit.

8 | Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management
 Table 2: Timetable of activities
Sr. Description/ Required Reference/
Activities Sub-activities
No. Responsibilities time (days) Annexure
Uttarakhand Jal ƒ The agenda of the consultation
Sansthan who is meeting/orientation programme
spearheading this co- should involve – apprising the
treatment project shall upcoming plant – State septage
Conduct initial organize meetings/ protocol- city specific FSSM
site meeting to orientation programme bye-laws
coordinate the with key stakeholders
1. trial run schedule - Municipal corp. of ƒ Sharing of roles and 2 -
with construction Dehradun, registered responsibilities among the
schedule. emptiers, STP operator stakeholders
(contractor) and ƒ Discussion of benefits and
factories /industries, limitations
farmers if any; reusing
wastewater and ƒ Creating framework of
biosolids grievances redressal mechanism
ƒ Employ assistant treatment
plant supervisor, plant operator,
and chemist to assist the
Job description of Treatment Plant Supervisor with
the Supervisor and trial run preparations
the staff. Existing
supervisor – AE/JE, ƒ Deploy/appoint plant operators,
Deploy/appoint Sewage Treatment mechanics, and electricians as
treatment plant plant. per the required qualifications
2. 3 Table no.3
supervisor and and criteria defined by the client/
staff List out the agency/organization responsible
responsibilities for operating the treatment plant
of permanent and
temporary staff/ ƒ Identify the clerical and/or
contractual staff. laboratory personnel required
for handling miscellaneous
activities including endues/
disposal of biosolids

Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management | 9
 ƒ Installation of plant equipment
is checked and corrected, if
Undertake dry-run necessary.
1
inspection to ensure ƒ Construction of the plant
structure is checked and
corrected, if necessary
ƒ The operation and maintenance
(O&M) manual of equipment and
tools

Conduct on-site dry-run ƒ The laboratory sampling and

testing procedures 1
operator training using
ƒ The layout and start-up
responsibilities
ƒ Safety of treatment plant
ƒ The equipment for proper
operation using the O&M manual
ƒ The piping and valves for
Conduct wet-run leakages
3
Gather inventories inspection of ƒ The laboratory testing
including equipment
equipment
manuals, tools, ƒ The monitoring and flow
and consumables measuring instruments
as listed in the ƒ Instructing plant operating
operation and personnel regarding the
3. maintenance operation of equipment under Table 4
manual and different loading conditions
as specified
by equipment ƒ Identifying and recording the
manufacturer’s Conduct on-site wet- capabilities and limitations of
1
recommendations run operating training the equipment and instruments
and undertake ƒ Visit similar facilities and
step by step runs undertake hands-on operation
and maintenance of those
facilities (if possible) to gain
hands-on experience
ƒ Review the sequence of events
and activities for starting-up the
treatment plant
ƒ Finalize the responsibilities of
the operating personnel and
important stakeholders
ƒ Prepare the list of personnel to
Organize final plant be involved for the start-up of
3
start-up site meeting treatment plant
ƒ Prepare the list of personnel
required to be present for any
trouble shooting during the
start-up of treatment plant
ƒ Discuss emergency action
procedures and build pre-
emptive action plans
ƒ Plant record keeping procedures
Develop Standard
Operating ƒ Laboratory sampling and testing
Based on the trial runs,
4. Procedures (SOP) schedules 5 Table 4
final SOP to be drafted
for the treatment
ƒ Shift schedules for plant
plant
operating personnel
5. Start-up day for treatment plant

10 | Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management
As the plant is supplement to STP hence it is prefereable to have present operating staff to be
engaged at the co-treatment plant. This will provide complete understanding of the operation and
will help in lack of co-ordination issues in case of external personanel are hired for the plant.

Annexure 1 - List of plant operating staff at co-treatment plant

Table 3: Plant operating staff at co-treatment plant

Minimum
Sr. No. Personnel Main Task of the Personnel
Experience

Plant Manager Co-ordination of activities for satisfactory

(Diploma in Civil/Environmental performance of the STP and reporting to the
1. 3 years
Science Engineering OR B.Sc. in Engineer-in-Charge and responsible for the proper
Chemistry functioning & maintenance, data collection of STP

2. Operators (ITI) 3 years Responsible for overall operation for STP

Responsible for overall operation of electrical

3. Electrician (ITI) 3 years
equipment

Responsible for overall operation of mechanical

4. Fitter (ITI) 3 years
equipment

Responsible for keeping STP premises clean,

Sweeper/Casual labour/
5. Literate cleaning of sewer lines and assisting the operators
Sewerman
in day to day plant operations

To maintain the garden / landscaping of the plant

6. Security guard cum Gardener Literate
and for security.

The checklist is suggested based on the current practice of FSS disposal at Kargi STP. This ckecklist
shall be revised based on the trial runs of the co-treatment plant.

Annexure 2 – Documents for record keeping at a co-treatment plant

A. Checklist for monitoring of day-to-day operation of co-treatment plant

Table 4: Checklist for monitoring
Check list: Operational procedures Tick ( )
1.Truck arrival and faecal sludge decanting at receiving station
i Working hours to decant FS shall be 7 am to 4.30 pm all days

Record of collection, transport & disposal of FSS should be duly filled and signed by the STP
ii
operator before allowing tanker to enter the STP; see table 6)

iii Connect truck’s outlet with the screening chamber through hose pipe

iv Discharge the faecal sludge with half of the opened valve into the screening chamber

In case of spillage sprayer (preferably with disinfectant) should be used to clean tanker and
v
surrounding area

Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management | 11
 Check list: Operational procedures Tick ( )

vi Screens along with receiving chamber should be cleaned on daily basis at EOD

2. Homogenisation tank
i Tank should not retain FSS for more than 4 days

ii FS accumulated for 2 days in tank should be pumped to centrifuge on every 3rd day

Bottom sludge either with the help of pump if required or by gravity should be discharged
iii
into dedicated sludge drying beds every 10 days
3. Pumps

Pumps should be checked routinely basis to ensure for their proper functioning as per the
i
maintenance recommended by the service provider

4. Centrifuge
Air floatation and DWPE dosing should be checked routinely basis to ensure for their proper
i
functioning as per the maintenance recommended by the service provider
ii Filtrate should be mixed incoming sewage at the inlet chamber of STP
5. Sludge drying beds
i Schedule of loading, turning and emptying of FSS should be marked on each bed
6 Re-use of by-products from FSS treatment
i Dried sludge should be co-compost with municipal organic waste to produce manure

B. Forms for monitoring the faecal sludge and septage received at a co-treatment plant
a. Format for information collection by the vacuum tanker operators
i. This form should be translated in local context and should be filled by operator and
household owner jointly. A copy of information collected should be submitted to STP
operator at the gate.

Table 5: Forms for monitoring the faecal sludge and septage receiving at co-treatment plant

Containment
Name of
Date of Type of Age of the Quantity system
Sr. the property Household or Area and
request for containment containment of FSS connected to
No. owner and Commercial location
desludging system system desludged open drain/
contact no.
septic tank

ii. Format for information collection by plant operator

Table 6: Sample form for data collection at the co-treatment plant

Name of the operator and
Date and time Capacity of the tanker Distance travelled
contact no.

12 | Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Planning and Implementation
C. Laboratory sampling and testing schedules
i. Information to be recorded during sampling

Table 7: Sample information

Serial number of sample
Location of sample
Type of sample Grab or Composite
Person collecting sample Name and signature of person
Date and time of collection
Analysis of Characteristics to be tested
Test to be conducted Name of test/s
Person performing tests Name of the person
Date and time of test

ii. Testing schedules

Table 8: Testing schedule

Location Date of Time of Parameters to be tested

Sr. Type of Monitoring
of sample sample sample Fecal Percent Remarks
No. sample frequency COD BOD^ TSS pH
collected collection collection coliform solids
MPN/g
- - - - - - mg/L mg/L mg/L - % -
of TS
Inflow of faecal
1. sludge and Composite Daily* -- --
septage
Outlet of
2. homogenisation Grab As required -- -- --
tank#
Sludge stream
3. from outlet of Grab As required -- -- -- -- --
Centrifuge
Liquid stream
4. from outlet of Grab Daily --
Centrifuge
Filtrate from
5. Sludge Drying Grab As required -- --
Beds
Final treatment Twice a
6. Grab -- -- -- -- --
unit in STP week

* - The sampling of faecal sludge and septage entering the co-treatment plant should be done daily and every time there is a fresh batch of
faecal sludge and septage being disposed at the inlet point of the plant. This is important to prevent the entry of industrial waste into the
co-treatment plant.
# - The sampling of faecal sludge and septage at the outlet of homogenisation tank is to ensure that the complete homogenisation of the
faecal sludge and septage. During the start-up of the co-treatment plant, the frequency of testing at this point will be daily. Once the start-
up period is successfully completed, the frequency of testing at this point can be reduced to every alternate day
^ - The BOD test applicable for co-treatment plant is similar to the testing procedure followed for the laboratory analyses manual of the
sewage treatment plant

D. Co-treatment plant operating personnel schedule

The daily shift-wise schedule for co-treatment plant is generally similar to the schedule used
during the operation of the sewage treatment plant. For the added information of operating
personnel managing the co-treatment plant, the details need to be added with the existing
operating schedule being used in the sewage treatment plant.

Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Planning and Implementation | 13
4
SAMPLE BIDDING DOCUMENT

This chapter is the " Bidding document for procurements of works" for development of sewerage
system in Raipur, Dehardun. This portion is a part of the main bidding document which includes
procurement of works related to the co-treatment plant.

Procurement of Works
Single-Stage: Two-Envelope Bidding Procedure

BIDDING DOCUMENT
for
Procurement
of

“Development of Sewerage System involving STP,

Trunk Sewer and Allied Works including 5 Years
Operation and Maintenance, at Raipur, Dehradun, in
Uttarakhand.”
Volume – 2(A)

Issued on: 1st January 2021

Invitation for Bid No: UIUDP/OCB - N/WW - DDN - 02/2020-21
OCB No: N/ WW - DDN - 02/2020-21
Employer: Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Agency (UUSDA),
Government of Uttarakhand

Country: India

14 | Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management
 6. Internal Plant roads (CC 300m minimum and as 5m wide
road) per contractor approved
layout
5.4. Septage Management and Co-Treatment System
The proposed project will promote a sustainable environment and provide basic urban
infrastructure and sanitation facilities to all citizens of the project area. The area is divided in 5
sewerage zones and in the 1st phase only first two zones will be taken up for execution.
The proposed Septage system has been designed to cater the requirements of the project area
and adjoining wards till year 2036. A total of 40 kld septage has been estimated for Project area
& adjoining area (zones 8A, 8B,8C, 8D and 8E, 9 and 10) for the year 2036. Contractor shall
provide sufficient number of vacuum trucks and suction machines for de-sludging of septic tank
from the project area, and transport the same upto STP. A series of dedicated required nos. of
Vacuum Trucks with adequate capacity are required for Septage collection from community
septic tank.
There shall be adequate unloading space for septage collected from the adjoining areas by any
other agency authorized by the Employer and septage treatment will be provided.

5.4.1. Description of Works

The Septage Collection System and Septage Treatment Plant (SeTP) shall comprise the
following components:

Components and unit processes as described in Employer’s Requirements of this section of

bid document.
All functional buildings, structures, equipment, and any and all other items, accessories, and
ancillaries required for proper functioning and operation of the above components and unit
processes are mainly to be covered under main Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
Civil Works for

- Structures for afore mentioned processes

- Pipeline Systems and Channels

Complete Electrical Equipment and Systems

Complete Mechanical Equipment and Systems
Complete Instrumentation, Control, and Automation Equipment and Systems
Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, and Instrumentation, Control, and Automation for successful
Erection, Installation, Testing, and Commissioning Services

5.4.2. Scope of Work

The scope of this bid document is Septage Management of Raipur area, Uttarakhand Dehradun -
including:

a) Design and construction of community septic tanks and soak pits for 20, 50 and 100 users
as per specification and drawing ;
b) Procurement of equipment’s and provision of services for collection and transportation of
septage from households & community from project area ;

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Section 6 – Employer’s Requirement UIUDP – Phase 1

c) Collection and conveyance of septage from project area (Zone 8A and 8B) to proposed STP
site.
d) Design, Supply, construction, installation, testing and commissioning of Co- Treatment unit
of 40 kld with main Raipur STP (For project area and adjoining area)
e) Operation and Maintenance of cotreatment septage facility with main STP for 1825 days

The detailed scope of work is as follows:

Civil Works:

Construction of 40 KLD capacity Septage Treatment Plant including:

a. Inlet / Receiving Chamber
b. Screen Chamber (Coarse and fine screen)
c. Homogenization cum Equalization Tank
d. Centrate Collection Tank
e. Sludge Sump and Pump House
f. Dewatering unit (from main STP)
g. Sludge drying beds
h. Storage Shed for dried sludge

Mechanical Works:

a. Trailer mounted sewage suction machine (Vacuum trucks)

b. Backhoe Loader
c. Flow measurement devices:
d. Ultrasonic type Flowmeter at inlet of Equalization Tank
e. Mechanical Screens with Conveyor Belt System
f. Mixing arrangement for Equalization Tank (Submersible mixers)
g. Centrifuge feed pumps (Screw Pumps)
h. Centrate Transfer Pumps (Submersible Pumps)
i. Lime Dosing System
j. Polyelectrolyte Dosing System
k. In addition to above, all necessary pipes and associated valves / gates required for
the proper functioning of SeTP are to be covered.

Electrical & Instrumentation Works:

a. Supply, installation, testing and commissioning of complete electrical system as

required for providing power to all the equipment’s and accessories of SeTP.
b. Installation of flowmeters as required in the design.
c. Installation of other necessary equipment’s like pressure switches, level transmitters,
etc. as per good engineering practice.

1. Septage Collection System

Vacuum Trucks:

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16 | Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management
 etc. as per good engineering practice.

1. Septage Collection System

Vacuum Trucks:
Section 6 – Employer’s Requirement UIUDP – Phase 1

Vacuum Trucks shall collect the septage at the household/community level and transport it to
Sewage treatment plant. The vacuum trucks are available in different capacities of from
OCB No: N/ WW - DDN - 02/ 2020-21
2,000
Page 167 of
268 up to 12,000 litres, a series of dedicated Vacuum Trucks are proposed for septage collection
from each household. However, as per actual requirement and availability, the adequate
capacity trucks can be deployed in areas where access roads are narrow. The proposed
project will promote a sustainable environment and provide basic urban infrastructure and
sanitation facilities to all citizens of the project and adjoining peripheral area. The town is
divided in 5 zones and in the 1st phase only first two zones will be taken up for execution.
Each of these vehicles should be equipped with GPS tracking devices for proper monitoring. All
necessary safety equipment’s should be provided in each of these vehicles in sufficient quantity
and in workable condition.
A septage treatment Plant (Co – Treatment unit) area is earmarked in the main STP layout
plan. Please refer drawing number TCE.10375A-CV-3009-STP-300560 for detail.

2. Septage Treatment Plant

Employer’s requirements for the following SeTP is included in this contract and is described
herein “Employer’s Requirements”:
Sl. SeTP Name Design Capacity Treatment Process
No.
1 Raipur, Dehradun 40 kld Pretreatment followed by
Uttarakhand Mechanical Dewatering of Septage
;

Stabilization of dewatered sludge by

sludge drying beds for proper
disposal.

Supernatant/ Centrate to be
transferred to the main STP for
further treatment.

3. Influent Characteristics

The typical influent septage characteristics used as the basis of design are listed in Table 11.
However, bidder should carry out sampling on his own to establish the actual characteristics.
After award of work, it is mandatory for contractor to conduct tests on at least 3 samples to
establish the raw septage characteristics, before proceeding for design stage.

Table 11 Typical characteristics of Influent Septage for Co-Treatment

Source Septage

Faecal Sludge of low

No.
concentration, usually stored for
Characteristics
several years, more stabilized than
Type- “A”

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 Section 6 – Employer’s Requirement UIUDP – Phase 1

1 COD (mg/L) <15000

2 COD / BOD 5:1 to 10:1
3 NH4N (mg/L) < 1000
4 TS (%) < 3%
5 SS (mg/L) 7,000 (approx.)
6 Helminth Eggs 4,000 (approx.)
Source: CPHEEO, 2013

4. Dewatered Sludge Quality Requirements

The dewatered sludge quality requirement to be met is listed below:

Minimum sludge TSS (dry solids) % w/w 20%

5. Septage Treatment Process

The septage brought by Vacuum Trucks shall be emptied into the Inlet Chamber of the SeTP. In
this facility, the septage shall be treated and the parameters shall be brought down to
permissible levels. Pre-treatment (fine and coarse screenings) shall be provided. It will be
followed by Homogenisation cum stabilisation Tank and then pumping the septage to
dewatering unit and dewatered sludge to sludge drying beds for drying. This centrate from
dewatering unit shall be treated further in Main STP to achieve final treated water. In case the
parameters of cent rate are higher than the design inlet parameters of main Sewage treatment
plant, a part of treated water shall be recirculated to dilute it as per Contractor design. The dried
sludge from sludge drying beds can either be treated with compost or can be disposed off to
landfill site as per prevailing norms of pollution control board.

Basic steps involved in Septage Treatment are:

Septage  Pre Treatment  Septage Dewatering  Disposal of Dried Sludge

For Liquid portion (filtrate resulting from dewatering of septage):

Filtrate  Treatment in main STP  Reuse / Disposal to river

A peak factor of 3 has been considered for pre-treatment units (up to Equalization tank). This is
based on the fact that the total septage estimated for a day will be received at the SeTP in the
working shift of 8 hours only. Hence the factor of 24/8 = 3.

Average Daily flow (Cum/day): 40

Hourly flow (Cum/Hr): 1.67
Total Septage/day: 40,000 Litres

The Contractor shall ensure that the layout submitted as part of the Contractor’s bid shall
accommodate the Co Treatment unit along with the main STP in the same premise and on the

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Section 6 – Employer’s Requirement UIUDP – Phase 1

available land only. The contractor shall also comply with the following specific constraints and
all other requirements described in the Bid Documents:

For all structures containing water or process liquid, the minimum freeboard (distance by
which top of wall is higher than the maximum water surface level at peak plant flow with one
unit of each unit process out of service) shall be 0.5 m unless specified otherwise.
Contractor shall provide at Co-Treatment all necessary facilities for manual bypass of the
process liquid at various locations in the flow path as indicated below. These facilities are
included in this contract and shall be provided regardless of whether or not they are shown
in any drawings included in the contract document, shall be fully functional in all respects,
and shall include any and all components necessary to safely and efficiently accomplish the
intended bypass. Each bypass facility shall include, but not be limited to: (I) downward
opening overflow weir gates installed in the appropriate channel or structure from which the
bypass is to be effected, (ii) an RCC channel or structure to receive the bypass flow over
the weir gate, (iii) an appropriately sized buried (above ground piping will not be acceptable)
cement mortar lined and coal tar epoxy coated ductile iron pipe or RCC pipe (NP3 class) to
carry the bypass flow from the channel or structure in (ii) above to a manhole or junction
box in the SeTP’s main outfall pipe through chlorine contact tank.
Bypass facilities as described above shall be provided at the following location:
- Outlet of screen channel to nearest drain.

PRE-TREATMENT OF SEPTAGE

Receiving Chamber: To receive the collected septage.

Pumps: To pump the septage from storage tank to the screens (if required).
Mechanical (Fine) /manual screens (Coarse): To remove large size particles, such
plastic, rag from the septage and protect downstream treatment facilities.
Homogenisation cum stabilisation Tank – To store and homogenize the collected
septage. Lime dosing shall be provided here.
Mixer – For proper mixing to make a homogeneous septage collected from different
location
Pumps: To pump the septage from equalisation tank to the dewatering unit.

In addition, lime stabilization is also practiced to stabilize, control odor, vector and pathogen
destruction. Lime stabilization involves adding and thoroughly mixing lime (alkali) with each load
of septage to ensure that the pH is raised to at least 12. Lime addition could be done at any of
these three points:

1. In the hauler truck (vacuum truck) before or while the septage is pumped.
2. In septage storage tank (Receiving Chamber) where septage is discharged from the hauler
truck.
3. In the Homogenisation cum stabilisation Tank.

In this case, it is proposed to add lime through suitable lime dosing pumps into the
Homogenisation cum stabilisation Tank.

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 Section 6 – Employer’s Requirement UIUDP – Phase 1

6. Plant Layout

The Co-Treatment components shall be laid out and fully contained within the respective
designated site boundaries so as to logically interface with any and all existing infrastructure at
the site and that must remain in service. Contractor’s proposed site layout shall clearly show the
space allocated for all plant components, including those components and/or unit processes that
may be designated for future construction or installation.

The plant layout shall adhere to the following general rules:

Minimum clear distance provided to permit safe and convenient access for operation and
maintenance shall be 5 m between adjacent treatment units or fixed structures and 1.5 m
between pieces of equipment
An area adjacent to all mechanical equipment shall be provided as a maintenance lay down
area
All electrical equipment (except for motors) shall be located above the plinth level at the site
or for the effluent receiving water body, whichever is higher.

7. General Design Requirements

The following general design requirements shall be met for Co- Treatment unit. These
requirements shall be fully met regardless of whether or not such requirements or any related
components are shown in any drawings included in the contract documents.

The Contractor shall perform a complete Hazardous Area Classification analysis per IS
5572 for Co- Treatment unit in this contract and shall submit a complete report of such
analysis as well as Hazardous Area Classification Drawings that delineate boundaries of all
classified areas and indicate the classification of each area. All electrical or other powered
equipment, instrumentation, or components shall fully comply with all requirements of IS
5571.
All components (including but not limited to equipment such as pumps, blowers, screens,
diffusers, inline devices; instruments such as flow meters; and distribution and collection
channels or pipes) shall be provided with appropriate isolation devices such as valves,
gates, or other devices in order to allow isolation, drainage, cleaning, calibration, servicing,
and maintenance of such components. In-line instrumentation can be isolated and removed
for calibration and maintenance without interrupting the flow.
Where necessary, equipment shall be provided with acoustic, sound-dampening enclosures
to limit ambient noise during normal operation to the limits detailed in the General
Requirements.
All equipment shall be arranged and buildings and structures designed to permit safe and
easy access to and removal of all equipment.
Fixed runways, lifting eyes, cranes, hoists, or other appropriate devices and means shall be
provided to permit safe and easy removal of all equipment for maintenance or any other
purpose
All liquid or sludge flow distribution shall be accomplished using at least one of the following
options only:

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Section 6 – Employer’s Requirement UIUDP – Phase 1

o non-submerged (i.e. with a positive free fall limited to 50mm from weir invert to the
water surface on the downstream side) overflow weirs,
o non-submerged downward opening overflow weir gates, or
o automatic feedback flow control using inline flow measurement and modulated flow
control valves with electrical actuators.
All structures, whether liquid-holding or not, shall be designed such that they can be fully
and completely drained and will not float or move when empty, because of groundwater
buoyancy or any other reason. The structures shall be designed to counteract any possible
floatation without the use of any type of groundwater pressure relief valves.
All channels carrying process liquid shall be fully covered with solid non-skid FRC/GRP
cover plates (not grating) designed for human traffic live loads at a minimum and heavy
vehicle live loads wherever the channel crosses traffic paths.
Inlets into tanks, reactors, or other structures via pipes, channels, valves, or gates shall be
designed such that the incoming flow does not cause any damage or excessive wear
whatsoever to the structure or any equipment in the vicinity under any hydraulic condition,
including but not limited to the condition when the structure is empty.
All piping shall be of corrosion–resistant material appropriate for the service and shall be
provided with interior lining, exterior coating, and other corrosion protection as appropriate.
All piping shall be fully and adequately supported and braced to comply with all applicable
codes and standards. All supporting hardware shall also be of corrosion-resistant material.
The design of pipe supports and anchors shall fully account for static and dynamic vertical,
lateral, longitudinal, and seismic loads, fluid flow, and thermal expansion. Seismic bracing,
thrust restraints and/or thrust blocks, and appropriate expansion joints or loops shall be
provided as needed. Pipe lengths and joints shall be assembled and arranged for ease of
removal in such a way that individual runs can be changed without dismantling adjacent
pipes, by providing dismantling joints at regular intervals.
For liquids and sludge, the minimum pipe flow velocity shall be no less than 0.5 m/s and the
maximum pipe flow velocity shall be no more than 1.5 m/s for pumped suction and no more
than 2.0 m/s for pumped discharge or gravity flow. All mixed liquor and sludge lines shall be
minimum 150 mm diameter and shall be provided with appropriate cleanouts and flushing
arrangements for safe and easy flushing using high-pressure water.
All liquid service pipes shall be provided with appropriate means for safe and easy drainage
of the pipes when not in service.
All pipes shall be colour banded and suitably labelled with the stream designation and
direction of flow to enable individual lines to be identified throughout their run.
Particular attention shall be paid to the layout of the chemical piping, which shall be
arranged without clutter and shall be functional and neat in appearance. Generally, where
piping is installed in ducts, it shall be supported not less than 150 mm clear of the floor.
All piping routed under any type of structure or equipment shall be fully and completely
encased in reinforced cement concrete, with the encasement thickness beyond the outer
diameter of the pipe being at least 200 mm on all sides or d/4 whichever is higher. The
encasement shall extend along the pipe length for a minimum horizontal distance of 1500
mm in each direction beyond the footprint of the overlying structure or equipment.
All piping connecting to, entering, or exiting any and all structures shall be provided with
appropriate restrained flexible connections and/or joints at all such interfaces with

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 Section 6 – Employer’s Requirement UIUDP – Phase 1

structures to allow for differential movement between pipe and structure in all directions
without stressing or breaking the pipes.
Appropriate restrained flexible connections and/or joints shall be provided for all pipes
where they connect to any and all of the following:
o Equipment such as pumps, blowers, or inline devices
o Valves
o Wall, floor, or roof penetrations
Where piping or other materials susceptible to damage from ultraviolet radiation are
employed, they shall be protected from such radiation through the use of appropriate
additives and/or coatings and shall be physically shielded from direct sunlight at all times in
their normal service location using enclosures, covers, canopies, roofs, and/or other similar
means.
Platforms, handrails/guardrails, ladders, and stairs shall be provided where necessary for
proper, safe, and easy access to and/or operation of valves, gates, instruments, control
panels, and other devices, equipment, or structures.
Appropriate sampling ports and/or sampling valves shall be provided to allow easy, safe
sampling of all process streams without spillage or contamination and without the need to
interrupt normal operation.
The influent flow meter and influent sampling location shall be selected such that the true
influent flow and characteristics will be measured without inclusion of in-plant recycles or
other extraneous streams. Separate flow measurement and sampling shall be provided for
the recycle streams.
Foam, scum, fats, oil, grease, or any other floating material from any location in the Co-
Treatment unit shall be completely removed from the process flow path along with waste,
dewatered solids leaving the Co- Treatment unit and shall under no circumstances be
recycled or returned to any location in the plant.

8. Process and Facilities Description

This Process and Facilities description is intended to provide a general indication of the
processes and types of facilities that the Contractor shall be required to design, construct,
operate & maintain and applies to Co- Treatment unit in this contract unless specifically
indicated otherwise. The Contractor shall use this description together with other specific
information for Co- Treatment unit provided elsewhere in bid document.

i. Receiving (Inlet) Chamber

This is designed to receive the septage from Vacuum Trucks. The arrangement shall be such
that the vacuum truck can be conveniently emptied into this. The level of this chamber should be
designed in a way that the septage should be able to flow through gravity through the following
units – screen channel, grit chamber and equalization tank. Size of the tank should be such that
it is able to empty two trucks at a time (e.g. for 4 cum capacity vacuum truck, the volume of this
chamber should be 8 cum minimum).

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ii. Coarse Screens

The raw septage received in the inlet chamber shall be screened using Coarse Screens placed
in deep concrete channels. The screenings removed by the screens shall be discharged at the
appropriate elevation above ground on to a conveyor. A screw or belt conveyor positioned
above ground level shall convey the screenings through a galvanized steel chute to a
truck/tractor-trolley positioned at ground level. The screenings compacting is part of scope of
tender.

iii. Fine Screens (Mechanical)

The Fine Screens shall receive coarse-screened septage. An electronically controlled automatic
jam removal system shall be provided in addition to the safety devices specified elsewhere in
the document. The screenings removed by the screens shall be discharged at the appropriate
elevation above ground on to a conveyor. A screw or belt conveyor positioned above ground
level shall convey the screenings through a galvanized steel chute to a truck/tractor-trolley
positioned at ground level. The screenings compacting is part of scope of tender.

iv. Homogenization cum stabilization Tank

An Homogenization and Stabilization tank shall be provided to store and homogenize the
collected septage. Lime dosing shall be provided here.

Design Considerations:

 Holding time : Minimum 36 hours

 Mixing arrangement : Submersible mixers
 Dosing arrangement : Lime dosing system

v. Sludge sump and pump house

The homogenized septage shall be pumped through screw pumps to the centrifuge for further
treatment. There shall be a sludge sump for this. The sump may be equipped with Agitator
assembly to facilitate mixing of sludge content.

vi. Centrate Collection Tank

The cent rate produced from sludge dewatering shall be collected in this tank. The holding time
should be sufficient enough to handle the intermittent flow being released from the centrifuge.
From this tank, the cent rate would be supplied for 20 hours (say) to the Main Sewerage
treatment plant for further treatment.

vii. Lime Dosing System

Lime dosing arrangement shall be considered for the Homogenization and Stabilization tank.

viii. Polyelectrolyte Dosing System

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 Section 6 – Employer’s Requirement UIUDP – Phase 1

To enhance the dewatering process, poly electrolyte will be dosed online at the centrifuge inlet.
The strength of the dosing solution shall be 0.1%. There shall be minimum 2 no. of P.E. solution
dosing tank, each designed for minimum 8 hrs/day operations.

Each P.E. solution dosing tank shall be equipped with slow speed mixer (100 RPM) to prepare
Poly electrolyte solution. The solution will be fed using metering type dosing pumps. There shall
be dedicated dosing pumps to each centrifuge with one common standby. The pumps shall be
interlocked with centrifuge so that it can only be running in auto when centrifuge is on and
should shut down when centrifuge stops.

Disposal / Reuse of sludge:

ix. Sludge Disposal

Dewatered and dried sludge from sludge drying beds can either be reuse after composting or
can disposed be at identified landfill site near Dehradun which is located about 20 km from
proposed STP as per prevailing norms by pollution control board.

9. Design/Sizing Criteria and Other Requirements

Item/ Parameter/ Units Septage Co-Treatment at Raipur

Description
Avg design Capacity KLD 40
Influent Septage Flow
Maximum daily peaking 3.00 upto Homogenization Tank
factor (PF) (Based on 8 working hours of septage collection per
day)
Inlet Chamber
Min No of Units 1
Type Rectangular or tapered
MOC RCC
Sizing Criteria Should be able to empty two trucks at a time (e.g. for 4
cum capacity vacuum truck, the volume of this chamber
should be 8 cum minimum)
Min Freeboard M 0.50
Coarse Screen Channels
Screen type Coarse bar screen with manual cleaning

Minimum clear opening 20 mm

size

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Item/ Parameter/ Units Septage Co-Treatment at Raipur

Description
Min No of Units – Working 1
(Peak flow)
Min No of Units – Standby 1
(Peak flow)
MOC – Channel RCC
MOC – Screens SS 316 L
Fine Screen Channels
Screen type Bar screen with mechanical cleaning
Minimum clear opening 6 mm
size
Min No of Units – Working 1
(Peak flow)
Min No of Units – Standby 1
(Peak flow)
MOC – Channel RCC
MOC – Screens (all screen SS 316 L
components)
Centrate Collection Tank
Min No of Units 1
MOC RCC
Max SWD M 1.5
Min freeboard M 0.50
Homogenization Tank
Minimum no of tanks 2
Holding Time (Minimum) hrs 36
Min. no. of mixers per 2 +1 (spare)
basin – Working
Mixer type Submersible/ (Open to Bidder) to ensure proper DO as
per process requirement
Lime Dosing Arrangement Required
Dewatering Feed Pumps
Centrifuge operation hrs/day 8
schedule

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Faecal Sludge and Septage Co-Treatment Design Guidebook - Operationalisation and Management | 25
 Section 6 – Employer’s Requirement UIUDP – Phase 1

Item/ Parameter/ Units Septage Co-Treatment at Raipur

Description
Min no of pumps – 1
Working
Min no of Pumps – 1
Standby
Type of Pump Progressing Cavity
Min. pump efficiency % 35.0
within flow-head operating
envelope (η)
Min. motor Efficiency (Ve) % 95.0
Sludge Sump and Pump House (Dewatering Feed Pumping Station)
Min no of units 1
MOC – Roof, columns, RCC
beams
MOC – Side walls 230 mm thick brick masonry
Polymer System
Type Dry polymer with batch tanks
Minimum polymer dose kg/ton dry 1.5 – 2.5
solids
Dry Polymer Feeder
Type Gravimetric or volumetric "atomizing" educator
Min no of units 1
Batching period days/batch 1
Operating time min/batch 30
Min capacity per feeder kg/min 2.47
Polymer Batch Tanks
MOC GRP/RCC
Poly solution strength % w/w 0.1%
Solution storage volume 1.50
safety factor
Min no of tanks - Working tanks/batch 1
Min no of tanks - Standby tanks/batch 1
Minimum capacity per tank cum 2

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 Section 6 – Employer’s Requirement UIUDP – Phase 1

Item/ Parameter/ Units Septage Co-Treatment at Raipur

Description
Polymer Batch Tank
Mixers
Min no of mixers per tank 1
MOC - Impeller and shaft SS316
Type Turbine
Polymer Metering Pumps
Type of Pump Hydraulic double diaphragm
Min no of pumps - Working 1
Min no of pumps - Standby 1
Sludge Drying beds
Minimum no of Beds 6
Depth of sand media 450 mm
Sludge application depth 300 mm
Sludge drying cycle 10-15 days
Sludge consistency at Min 30%
outlet
Solar roofing on drying 180 Sqft
beds

6. PROPOSED KC DRAINS UNDER THIS PACKAGE

6.1. General

It is proposed to construct the Kerb channels (KC) alongside the roads in identified roads to
facilitate smooth draining of storm water coming on the roads into the nearby drains thereby
preventing the erosion of road top surface during rains and stagnant of water on road during
monsoon. KC shall be proposed on both sides of identified roads as per site condition and as
directed by Employer’s representative.

The KC drains can be either precast or cast in situ at site having section 300mm wide and
250mm high as per drawing of KC drain. KCs are proposed as per relevant IS and PWD
specifications.

6.2. Operations and Maintenance

6.2.1. Maintenance of KC Drains

The drainage system is in its best when it is maintained as properly as designed. For this
purpose it is necessary that the drains keep their shape and slope in the designed manner

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4
REFERENCES

US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1973. Start-Up of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities.
Washington DC, United States.

UUSDA, Govt. of Uttarakhand. 2021. Procurement of Works “Development of Sewerage System involving STP, Trunk Sewer, and Allied
Works including 5 Years Operation and Maintenance, at Raipur, Dehradun, in Uttarakhand”. Dehradun, India.

Velidandla S., Rao K. C., Parekh R., & Nagaraja, P. 2020. Quality in Faecal Sludge Management. India.
Notes:
Notes:
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