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Virtual Memory Notes

Virtual memory allows programs larger than physical memory to execute by storing parts of programs on secondary devices and bringing them into main memory as needed. It utilizes techniques like paging and address translation to manage memory efficiently, enabling multiple processes to run simultaneously. Key components include the Memory Management Unit (MMU) and paging tables, which facilitate the mapping of virtual addresses to physical addresses.

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3 views5 pages

Virtual Memory Notes

Virtual memory allows programs larger than physical memory to execute by storing parts of programs on secondary devices and bringing them into main memory as needed. It utilizes techniques like paging and address translation to manage memory efficiently, enabling multiple processes to run simultaneously. Key components include the Memory Management Unit (MMU) and paging tables, which facilitate the mapping of virtual addresses to physical addresses.

Uploaded by

Siva Perumal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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VIRTUAL MEMORY

TOPICS:
● INTRODUCTION
● VIRTUAL MEMORY ORGANIZATION
● ADVANTAGES OF VM
● IMPLEMENTATION DIAGRAM
● PAGING & ADDRESS TRANSLATION
● PAGING TABLE & FAULT
● MAPPING PHYSICAL & VIRTUAL MEMORY

INTRODUCTION :
The physical memory which we are using in our computer system is in megabytes
not in gigabytes. If we try to run a program which does not completely fit into main
memory, then, in this case, the parts currently being executed are stored in main
memory and the remaining portion is stored in a secondary device such as a hard disk.

VIRTUAL MEMORY ORGANIZATION :

If this happens, it's necessary that all parts of a program which are needed for
execution are first brought into the main memory. When a new segment of a program is
brought and memory is full, it must replace another segment already in the memory. So
the techniques which are used to move programs and data blocks into the main
memory when they are required for execution are called virtual memory techniques.

IMPLEMENTATION DIAGRAM OF VM :
● Programmers discern a larger memory which is allocated on the disk this
memory is referred to as virtual memory. A programmer enjoys a huge virtual
space to develop his or her program or software.
● Program or a processor references a data space which is independent of
available physical memory space. The address issued by a processor is called a
virtual address.
● The virtual address can be translated into the physical address by a combination
of hardware and software components.
● If a virtual address is a part of the program in the physical memory then it can be
accessed immediately and if the address is not in the main memory then its
content will be brought into the main memory before it can be used.
● To improve the performance hardware are added to the system, these hardware
units are known as Memory Management Unit (MMU).
● In the paging system, page table helps us to find the physical address form
virtual address since the virtual address space is used to develop a process. So
the work of the MMU is to translate the virtual address to physical address.

PAGING AND ADDRESS TRANSLATION :

The mechanism for reading data from memory involves translation of virtual address to
physical address. In this basically, the concept of paging is used for doing the
translation. Following steps are there for address translations which are given below:
1. Virtual address space of the program is divided into fixed length units called
pages.
2. Each page will contain a block of words that will occupy the locations in the main
memory. After this, each page will be mapped into the fixed location in the main
memory called page frame.
3. The address generated by the processors to fetch the word memory can be
divided into the two parts:

4.
In this case, high order bits are interpreted as virtual page number and these bits
are used to fetch corresponding page frame number from the page table.
5. Low order bits of the address gives the offset and it specifies as the particular
byte within in a page.
6. By adding this virtual page number to the contents of the content page table, the
address of the corresponding entry in the page table is obtained.
7. Each entry in a page includes a control bit that describes a validity of a page, the
status of the page, and whether the page has been modified.

ADVANTAGES OF VIRTUAL MEMORY :


1. A process which is larger than the main memory, it will be executed because
of the demand paging.

2. By the concept of a virtual memory, many processes can be maintained in the


main memory.

3. It will allow greater programming level by using only less space for a particular
process.
PAGING TABLE :

PAGING FAULT :

In computing, a page fault (sometimes called PF or hard fault) is an exception that the
memory management unit (MMU) raises when a process accesses a memory page
without proper preparations. Accessing the page requires a mapping to be added to the
process's virtual address space.

MAPPING PHYSICAL & VM :

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