Practice Test 6

Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer.

In 1998, a group of researchers set out to study the elephant populations of the Samburu and Buffalo Springs

National Reserves, both located in Kenya. This project was motivated in part by the same concern that informs other

large animal fieldwork that has been performed in Africa - the fear that majestic mammals such as lions, gorillas, and

elephants are increasingly ______ by human poaching and development. Indeed, over the course of sixteen years of

fieldwork, the elephant research team found yet more reasons to protect the elephants.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) scared

B) vilified

C) subverted

D) endangered

1
What was less well-known, until recently at least, was how this relationship among sea otters, sea urchins, and kelp

forests might help fight global warming. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased 40 percent.

A recent study by two professors at the University of California, Santa Cruz, Chris Wilmers and James Estes, suggests

that kelp forests protected by sea otters can absorb as much as twelve times the amount of carbon dioxide from the

atmosphere as those where sea urchins are allowed to _________ the kelp. Like its terrestrial plant cousins, kelp

removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, turning it into sugar fuel through photosynthesis, and releases

oxygen back into the air.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A) devour

B) dispatch

C) overindulge on

D) dispose of

As a young photographer in the 1950s, William Klein Luckily, the tower survived, and its tilt has made it an

______ the conventions of photography by creating Italian icon, attracting visitors from all over who flock to

images that were high contrast and included blurred and Pisa to see one of the greatest architectural __________ in

the world. Unfortunately, the tower’s tilt has steadily

distorted elements—features generally seen as flaws. So
increased over the centuries, placing the structure in
unorthodox was Klein’s work that he had difficulty finding
danger of collapse. By the late twentieth century, the
a publisher for his now-iconic 1956 photo book Life is
angle of the tower’s tilt had reached an astonishing 5.5
Good & Good for You in New York.
degrees; in 1990, Italy’s government closed the tower to

visitors and appointed a committee to find a way to save

Which choice completes the text with the most logical it.

and precise word or phrase?

Which choice completes the text with the most logical
A) prevented
and precise word or phrase?
B) reviewed
A) weirdnesses
C) respected B) deviations

D) defied C) oddities

D) abnormalities

2
 This text is adapted from Kevin Carey, “Here’s What Will
This text is adapted from Kate Chopin, “A Respectable
Truly Change Higher Education: Online Degrees That Are
Woman.” Originally published in 1894. Seen as Official.” 2015 by The New York Times.
Three years ago, technology was going to transform
Mrs. Baroda was a little provoked to learn that her

husband expected his friend, Gouvernail, up to spend a higher education. What happened?

week or two on the plantation. Over the course of a few months in early 2012, leading

scientists from Harvard, Stanford, and M.I.T. started three

They had entertained a good deal during the winter;

much of the time had also been passed in New Orleans companies to provide Massive Open Online Courses, or

MOOCs, to anyone in the world with an Internet

in various forms of mild dissipation. She was looking

forward to a period of unbroken rest, now, and connection. The courses were free. Millions of students

undisturbed tete-a-tete with her husband, when he signed up. Pundits called it a revolution.

informed her that Gouvernail was coming up to stay a Which choice best describes the function of the
week or two. underlined portion in the text as a whole

As used in the text, what does the word “provoked” most A) It introduces a conflict between a prediction and

nearly mean? an outcome

B) It exposes the public’s lack of information

A) annoyed

B) infuriated regarding a topic

C) excited C) It presents a question that the author never

D) scandalized intends to answer

D) It lessens the credibility of scientists from

prestigious universities

3
In 1999, Håkan Olausson and his Gothenburg University Hedda Gabler is an 1890 play by Henrik Ibsen. As a
colleagues Åke Vallbo and Johan Wessberg looked more woman in the Victorian era, Hedda, the play’s central

closely at the characteristics of the slow fibers. They character, is unable to freely determine her own future.

named these “low-threshold” nerves “C-tactile,” or CT, Instead, she seeks to influence another person’s fate, as

fibers, said Olausson, because of their “exquisite is evident when she says to another character, ______

sensitivity” to slow, gentle tactile stimulation, but

Which quotation from a translation of Hedda Gabler
unresponsiveness to noxious stimuli like pinpricks. But
most effectively illustrates the claim?
why exactly humans might have such fibers, which
A) “Then what in heaven’s name would you have
respond only to a narrow range of rather subtle stimuli,
me do with myself?”
was initially mystifying. Unlike other types of sensory
B) “I want for once in my life to have power to
nerves, CT fibers could be found only in hairy human
mould a human destiny.”
skin—such as the forearm and thigh. No amount of
C) “Then I, poor creature, have no sort of power
gentle stroking of hairless skin, such as the palms and
over you?”
soles of the feet, prompted similar activity signatures.
D) “Faithful to your principles, now and for ever! Ah,
Olausson and his colleagues decided that these fibers
that is how a man should be!”
must be conveying a different dimension of sensory

information than fast-conducting fibers.

Which choice best states the function of the underlined

sentence?

A) Identify factors that Olausson had previously

failed to consider.

B) Propose a solution to a dilemma encountered by

Olausson.

C) Anticipate a potential criticism of Olausson by

the reader.

D) Show a problem from the perspective of

Olausson’s team.

4
Gratitude not only increases one’s own happiness but also, if one is a business executive, boosts the productivity of

one’s subordinates. In a University of Pennsylvania experiment, the director of annual giving told one group of

university fundraisers how grateful she was for their work. Another group of fundraisers dis not receive this speech.

During the following week, those who received the director’s speech of gratitude made ____ more fundraising calls

than those in the control group did. It may, in fact, literally pay to be grateful.

Which choice most accurately and effectively uses data from the graph to complete the statement?

A) 10

B) 40

C) 50

D) 80

5
Arthur Conan Doyle’s stories about detective Sherlock In 2015, a team led by materials scientists Anirudha

Holmes were published between 1887 and 1927. They Sumant and Diana Berman succeeded in reducing the

have inspired countless successful adaptations, including coefficient of friction (COF) between two surfaces to the

comic strips, movies, and a television series Sherlock lowest possible level—superlubricity. A nearly frictionless

Hound, directed by Hayao Miyazaki, who is celebrated for (and, as its name suggests, extremely slippery) state,

his animated movies. Until 2014, these stories were ______

copyrighted. The right to adapt was only available to

those who could afford the copyright fee and gain Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

approval from the strict copyright holders of Doyle’s the conventions of Standard English?

estate. Some journalists predict that the number of A) reaching superlubricity occurs when two

Sherlock Holmes adaptations is likely to increase since surfaces’ COF drops below 0.01.

the end of copyright means that ______ B) superlubricity is reached when two surfaces’ COF

drops below 0.01.

Which choice most logically completes the text? C) when their COF drops below 0.01, two surfaces

A) producing adaptations will become easier and reach superlubricity.

less expensive. D) two surfaces, when their COF drops below 0.01,

B) people will become more interested in detective reach superlubricity.

stories than they were in the 1800s.

C) the former copyright holders of Doyle’s estate

will return fees they collected.

D) Doyle’s original stories will become hard to find.

6
The African Games Co-production Market, one of over The work that dictionary founder Frederic G. Cassidy had

180 annual international conferences supporting video expected to be finished by 1976

game development, ______ the growth of the African was not, in fact, completed in his lifetime. The wait did

gaming industry by helping start-up studios in Africa find not dampen enthusiasm among _________ consider the

partners. work a signal achievement in linguistics.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

the conventions of Standard English? the conventions of Standard English?

A) promotes A) scholars. Scholars

B) promote B) scholars, and these scholars

C) are promoting C) scholars, but scholars

D) have promoted D) scholars, who

Crowdfunding is a popular way to raise money using the To survive when water is scarce, embryos inside African

Internet. The process sounds simple: an artist, turquoise killifish eggs ______ a dormant state known as

entrepreneur, or other innovator takes his or her ideas diapause. In this state, embryonic development is paused

straight to the public via a crowdfunding website. The for as long as two years—longer than the lifespan of an

innovator creates a video about the project and offers, in adult killifish.

exchange for donations, a series of “perks,” from Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

acknowledgment on a social media site to a small piece the conventions of Standard English?

of art. Many crowdfunding programs are all-or-nothing; A) enter

in other words, the innovator must garner 100 percent B) to enter

funding for the project or the money is refunded to the C) having entered

donors. At ________ best, the system can give creators D) entering

direct access to millions of potential backers.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

the conventions of Standard English?

A) It’s

B) its

C) its’

D) their

7
Swedish scientists Eva Engvall and Peter Perlmann The most common acupuncture treatment is ______

developed a method for measuring the concentration of inserting and manipulating thin, solid needles at specific

different proteins in a biological sample. Their __________ points along the skin. Other treatment methods, often

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), is used to used in conjunction with needling, include prescription of

detect and measure proteins that indicate the presence herbs or herb mixtures; acupressure, which involves

of certain diseases. massaging instead of needling acupuncture points; and

recommendations for lifestyle changes, such as dietary

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
modifications and exercise.
the conventions of Standard English?

A) method (called Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

B) method—called the conventions of Standard English?

C) method called A) needling strategically

D) method, called B) needling: strategically

C) needling; strategically

D) needling. Strategically

8
Nowhere else is ice and snow in all its forms - sea ice, One of the greatest minds of the century ____ a ray of

glaciers, permafrost, river and lake ice - as widespread light on this gloomy picture by tracing the origin of

and diverse as in the Arctic, Alaska is an ideal laboratory woman’s slavery to the same principle of selfishness and

for studying these ice forms. It is from individual ice love of power in man that has thus far dominated all

crystals under a microscope to the millions of square weaker nations and classes. The slavish instinct of an

kilometers of sea ice as seen by a satellite. The solution oppressed class has led it to toil patiently through the

of practical problems associated with avalanches, ages, giving all and asking little, cheerfully sharing with

building roads and houses on permafrost, extracting man all perils and privations by land and sea, that

petroleum from ice-covered waters, and numerous husband and sons might attain honor and success.

others, _________ fundamental research that can be Justice and freedom for herself is her latest and highest

conducted in the Alaska setting. demand.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

the conventions of Standard English? the conventions of Standard English?

A) depending on A) thrown

B) depend on B) throwing

C) depends on C) has thrown

D) depended on D) being thrown

9
For those unfamiliar with Native American popular The home page of one leading crowdfunding site

music, in which contemporary Western music styles such features a project to manufacture pinhole cameras on a

as pop, rock, and hip-hop are often mixed with traditional 3‑D printer. The idea is obviously very attractive: an

Native American techniques, a Native American obscure method of photography may be made available

reservation might seem ____________ to find the roots of a to many at little expense. Within weeks, the project was

hip-hop artist. But for Native American rapper Christian 621 percent funded. In contrast, on the same page, a

Parrish Takes the Gun, better known by his stage name small Brooklyn performance venue is attempting to raise

Supaman, hip-hop is a natural language for his money for its current season. The venue features works

experiences. of performance art showcased in a storefront window.

Those who have seen the space consider it vital. _______,

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to that group may not be large enough; with just fourteen

the conventions of Standard English? days to go in the fund-raising period, the campaign is

A) like an unusual place only 46 percent funded.

B) like unusual places

C) as unusual places Which choice completes the text with the most logical

D) as an unusual place transition?

A) However,

B) Therefore,

C) In effect,

D) As a rule,

10
Plato believed material objects to be crude One of the indirect effects of globalization has been the

representations of unseen ideal forms. In his view, such creation of global cities, which have a tendency to form

abstract, nonmaterial forms are the ultimate source of megacities and megaregions. This type of growth exerts

knowledge. Aristotle disagreed, positing that knowledge immense pressure on cities; ______ it also increases the

is best obtained through direct engagement with the competition among them.

material world; _______ sensory experience of the

material is the ultimate source of knowledge. Which choice completes the text with the most logical

transition?

Which choice completes the text with the most logical A) however,

transition? B) still,

A) regardless, C) for instance,

B) admittedly, D) moreover,

C) meanwhile,

D) in other words,

Because CT scanners can map objects that are A 2017 study of sign language learners tested the role of

impossible to excavate, CT scanning and 3-D printing can iconicity—the similarity of a sign to the thing it

also be used to reproduce fossils that scientists cannot represents—in language acquisition. The study found

observe firsthand. ______, researchers from the National that the greater the iconicity of a sign, the more likely it

Museum of Brazil relied on this technique to study a was to have been learned. ______ the correlation between

fossilized skeleton that was discovered protruding from a acquisition and iconicity was lower than that between

rock at an old São Paulo railroad site. acquisition and another factor studied: sign frequency.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical Which choice completes the text with the most logical

transition? transition?

A) By contrast, A) In fact,

B) Nonetheless, B) In other words,

C) Besides, C) Granted,

D) For example, D) As a result,

11
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● A thermal inversion is a phenomenon where a layer of atmosphere is warmer than the layer beneath it.

● In 2022, a team of researchers studied the presence of thermal inversions in twenty-five gas giants.

● Gas giants are planets largely composed of helium and hydrogen.

● The team found that gas giants featuring a thermal inversion were also likely to contain heat-absorbing

metals.

● One explanation for this relationship is that these metals may reside in a planet’s upper atmosphere, where

their absorbed heat causes an increase in temperature.

The student wants to present the study’s findings to an audience already familiar with thermal inversions. Which

choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) Gas giants were likely to contain heat-absorbing metals when they featured a layer of atmosphere warmer

than the layer beneath it, researchers found; this phenomenon is known as a thermal inversion.

B) The team studied thermal inversions in twenty-five gas giants, which are largely composed of helium and

hydrogen.

C) Researchers found that gas giants featuring a thermal inversion were likely to contain heat-absorbing

metals, which may reside in the planets’ upper atmospheres.

D) Heat-absorbing metals may reside in a planet’s upper atmosphere.

12
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● In 2013, archaeologists studied cat bone fragments they had found in the ruins of Quanhucun, a Chinese

farming village.

● The fragments were estimated to be 5,300 years old.

● A chemical analysis of the fragments revealed that the cats had consumed large amounts of grain.

● The grain consumption is evidence that the Quanhucun cats may have been domesticated.

The student wants to present the Quanhucun study and its conclusions. Which choice most effectively uses relevant

information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) As part of a 2013 study of cat domestication, a chemical analysis was conducted on cat bone fragments

found in Quanhucun, China.

B) A 2013 analysis of cat bone fragments found in Quanhucun, China, suggests that cats there may have been

domesticated 5,300 years ago.

C) In 2013, archaeologists studied what cats in Quanhucun, China, had eaten more than 5,000 years ago.

D) Cat bone fragments estimated to be 5,300 years old were found in Quanhucun, China, in 2013.

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

13
 Reading and Writing
27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer

Although some invasive species do cause tremendous and Early biographers praised Florence Nightingale, the

irreparable damage to their ecosystems, environments founder of modern nursing, often depicting her as

saintly and affectionate; nonetheless, Lytton Strachey's

are not static; they change, develop, and adapt to
irreverent portrayal of her life from his 1918 book
transitions, whether these be natural or manmade. We
"Eminent Victorians" subsequently made it acceptable,
must learn to be more discriminating in our eradication of
even prevalent, to________ her as an overbearing figure.
invasive plants from those areas where they have become

an integral part of the greater ecosystem. Which choice completes the text with the most logical

and precise word or phrase?

A) advocate
As used in the text, what does the word “discriminating”
B) acclaim
most nearly mean?
C) condemn
A) biased
D) neglect
B) intolerant

C) tasteful

D) selective

14
It is certainly not ________ to acknowledge the impact He that loves a rosy cheek,

made by the 19th-century botanist Carl Linnaeus on Or a coral lip admires,

modern taxonomy; in fact, many modern taxonomists cite Or from star-like eyes doth seek

Linnaeus as a primary inspiration. Nevertheless, some Fuel to maintain his fires;

biologists have proposed that the 18th-century naturalist As old Time makes these decay,

John Ray's ideas on classification may have had a more So his flames must waste away.

significant influence on modern taxonomy.

But a smooth and steadfast mind,

Gentle thoughts and calm desires,

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and
Hearts with equal love combin'd,
precise word or phrase?
Kindle never-dying fires.
A) significant
Where these are not, I despise
B) constructive
Lovely cheeks, or lips, or eyes.
C) negligible

D) relevant
No tears, Celia, now shall win

My resolv'd heart to return;

I have search'd thy soul within,

And find nought, but pride, and scorn;

I have learn'd thy arts, and now

Can disdain as much as thou.

Some power, in my revenge, convey

That love to her I cast away.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A) If you get to know them, you will often find that

beautiful people have unpleasant personalities.

B) People who have a calm and gentle disposition

are usually physically beautiful.

C) Physical beauty is temporary, but inner

qualities can be more permanently attractive.

D) It’s better to dislike beautiful people until they

prove that they also have pleasant

personalities.

15
As the name suggests, dramaturges originated in theater, where they continue to serve a variety of functions:

conducting historical research for directors, compiling character biographies for actors, and perhaps most

importantly, helping writers of plays and musicals to hone the works’ stories and characters. Performance scholar

Susan Manning observes that many choreographers, like playwrights and musical theater writers, are concerned

with storytelling and characterization. In fact, some choreographers describe the dances they create as expressions

of narrative through movement; it is therefore unsurprising that ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) some directors and actors rely too heavily on dramaturges to complete certain research tasks.

B) choreographers developing dances with narrative elements frequently engage dramaturges to assist in

refining those elements.

C) dramaturges can have a profound impact on the artistic direction of plays and musicals.

D) dances by choreographers who incorporate narrative elements are more accessible to audiences than

dances by choreographers who do not.

16
Nan Gao and her team conducted multiple surveys to determine participants’ levels of comfort in a room where the

temperature was regulated by a commercial climate control system. Participants filled out surveys several times a

day to indicate their level of comfort on a scale from −3 (very cold) to +3 (very hot), with 0 indicating neutral (neither

warm nor cool), and to indicate how they would prefer the temperature to be adjusted. The table shows three

participants’ responses in one of the surveys. According to the table, all three participants wanted the room to be

cooler, ______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

A) and they each reported the same level of comfort.

B) even though each participant’s ratings varied throughout the day.

C) but participant 20 reported feeling significantly colder than the other two participants did.

D) but participant 1 reported feeling warmer than the other two participants did.

17
Slow through the dark is an early 1900s poem by Paul Macbeth is a play written by William Shakespeare circa

Laurence Dunbar. In the poem, the speaker urges the 1606. In the play, the character of Macbeth, a Scottish

listener not to lose hope, even in difficult circumstances. general, receives a prophecy that he will be King of

Scotland. Later he kills the king and becomes

Which quotation from “Slow through the dark” most overwhelmed with guilt over his murder, as is evident

effectively illustrates the claim? when he says to himself _______

A) “Slow moves the pageant of a climbing race;/Their Which choice most effectively uses a quotation from

footsteps drag far, far below the height,” Macbeth to illustrate the claim?

B) “No strange, swift-sprung exception we; we A) “Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player /

trace/A devious way thro’ dim, uncertain light,—.” That struts and frets his hour upon the stage /

C) “Heed not the darkness round you, dull and And then is heard no more.”

deep;/The clouds grow thickest when the B) “I have almost forgot the taste of tears. / The

summit’s nigh.” time has been my senses would have cool’d.”

D) “Who stoppeth here to spend a while in sleep/Or C) “I am in blood / Stepp’d in so far, that should I

curseth that the storm obscures the sky?” wade no more, / Returning were as tedious a

go o’er.”

D) “If it were done when ‘tis done, then ‘twere well

/ It were done quickly.”

The increased integration of digital technologies throughout the process of book creation in the late 20th and early

21st centuries lowered the costs of book production, but those decreased costs have been most significant in the

manufacturing and distribution process, which occurs after the authoring, editing, and design of the book are

complete. This suggests that in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) digital technologies made it easier than it had been previously for authors to write very long works and get

them published.

B) customers generally expected the cost of books to decline relative to the cost of other consumer goods.

C) publishers increased the variety of their offerings by printing more unique titles but also printed fewer

copies of each title.

D) the costs of writing, editing, and designing a book were less affected by the technologies used than were

the costs of manufacturing and distributing a book.

18
After a volcanic eruption spilled lava into North Pacific Ocean waters, a dramatic increase of diatoms (a kind of

phytoplankton) near the surface occurred. Scientists assumed the diatoms were thriving on nutrients such as

phosphate from the lava, but analysis showed these nutrients weren’t present near the surface in forms diatoms can

consume. However, there was an abundance of usable nitrate, a nutrient usually found in much deeper water and

almost never found in lava. Microbial oceanographer Sonya Dyhrman and colleagues believe that as the lava plunged

nearly 300 meters below the surface it dislodged pockets of this nutrient, releasing it to float upward, given that

______

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

A) at 5–45 meters below the surface, the average concentration of phosphate was about the same in the

seawater in the lava-affected area as in the seawater outside of the lava-affected area.

B) for both depth ranges measured, the average concentrations of nitrate were substantially higher in the

seawater in the lava-affected area than in the seawater outside of the lava-affected area.

C) for both depth ranges measured in the seawater in the lava-affected area, the average concentrations of

nitrate were substantially higher than the average concentrations of phosphate.

D) in the seawater outside of the lava-affected area, there was little change in the average concentration of

nitrate from 75–125 meters below the surface to 5–45 meters below the surface.

19
In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, Okonkwo A subseasonal weather forecast attempts to predict

is a leader of Umuofia (a fictional Nigerian clan) and takes weather conditions three to four weeks in ______ its

pride in his culture’s traditions. However, when the arrival predictions are therefore more short-term than those of

of European missionaries brings changes to Umuofia, the the seasonal forecast, which attempts to predict the

novel asks a central question: How ______ weather more than a month in advance.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

conventions of Standard English? the conventions of Standard English?

A) will Umuofia’s traditions be affected? A) advance and

B) Umuofia’s traditions will be affected? B) advance;

C) Umuofia’s traditions will be affected. C) advance,

D) will Umuofia’s traditions be affected. D) advance

In discussing Mary Shelley’s 1818 epistolary novel The Olympics can still attract an impressive audience,

Frankenstein, literary theorist Gayatri Spivak directs the including even those with no usual interest in sports,

reader’s attention to the character of Margaret Saville. As simply by adhering to the near universal principles that

Spivak points out, Saville is not the protagonist of Shelley’s the ancient Greeks once ascribed to the gods who lived,

______ as the recipient of the letters that frame the book’s ______ the mountain that gives the ceremony its name.

narrative, she’s the “occasion” of it.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the the conventions of Standard English?

conventions of Standard English? A) it was supposed on

A) novel B) it was supposed, on

B) novel, C) it was supposed; on

C) novel; rather, D) it was supposed on,

D) novel, rather,

20
The opposite side contends that the “9-to-5” model is The technology for recycling textile fibers into new

obsolete in modern times with our age’s defining fabrics _____ currently limited, however. The ultimate

technology: the Internet. There is very little that one can goal of H&M and other environmentally-conscious

do at an office that one can’t do in an Internet-connected retailers is to establish a “closed loop” manufacturing

home or on a smartphone. The important thing, these system, in which 100% of the fibers they use to create

anti-”9-to-5”ers argue, is that work gets ______ gets done their clothing can be recycled into new clothing. This

within sight of a boss or that it gets done within certain may seem like a lofty goal, but it is worth pursuing.

hours. No business, they argue, can guarantee that its

issues can all be resolved within an arbitrarily determined Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

set of hours. the conventions of Standard English?

A) are

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the B) is

conventions of Standard English? C) were

A) done-it D) have been

B) done, although

C) done while it

D) done, not that it

21
More like a fair than an actual café, the first Repair Café Based on scientific evidence, organic food offers neither

took place in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It was the significant nutritional nor safety benefits for

brainchild of former journalist Martine Postma, who consumers. Proponents of organic food, of course, are

wanted to take a practical stand in a throwaway culture. quick to add that there are numerous other reasons to

Her goals were __________ reduce waste, maintain and buy organic __________ a desire to protect the

perpetuate knowledge and skills, and strengthen environment from potentially damaging pesticides or a

community. preference for the taste of organically grown foods.

Research regarding these issues is less conclusive than

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the the findings regarding nutritional content and pesticide

conventions of Standard English? residue safety limits. What is clear, though, is this: if a

A) straightforward, however: consumer's goal is to buy the healthiest and safest food

B) straightforward, therefore: to eat, the increased cost of organic food is a waste of

C) straightforward, nonetheless: money.

D) straightforward:
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

the conventions of Standard English?

A) food, such as,

B) food such as:

C) food such as,

D) food, such as

22
In cities across the United States, citizens are lobbying ___ Wilmers and Estes caution, however, that increasing the

council members to add traffic lights at busy intersections. otter population will not automatically solve the

It seems logical: in places that have high traffic volume, problem of higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air. But

automated lights help manage traffic flow and make they suggest that the presence of otters provides a

crossing streets safer for pedestrians. Cities have a good model of how carbon can be sequestered, ________

process for deciding whether to install the traffic lights the atmosphere through the management of animal

their citizens desire: an intersection must have a minimum populations. If ecologists can better understand what

amount of traffic that makes crossing difficult for both kinds of impacts animals might have on the

cars and pedestrians, or a history of accidents. environment, Wilmers contends, “there might be

opportunities for win-win conservation scenarios,

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the
whereby animal species are protected or enhanced, and
conventions of Standard English?
carbon gets sequestered.”
A) our

B) his or her Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

C) one’s the conventions of Standard English?
D) their A) or removed; from

B) or removed from,

C) or, removed from,

D) or removed, from

23
Long viewed by many as the stereotypical useless major, The first time I visited the Art Institute of Chicago, I

philosophy is now being seen by many students and expected to be impressed by its famous large paintings.

prospective employers as in fact a very useful and _______, I couldn’t wait to view painter Georges Seurat’s,

practical major, offering students a host of transferable 10-foot-wide A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La

skills with relevance to the modern workplace. ___________, Grande Jatte in its full size. It took me by surprise, then,

philosophy is the study of meaning and the values when my favorite exhibit at the museum was one of its

underlying thought and behavior. But more pragmatically, tiniest: the Thorne Miniature Rooms.

the discipline encourages students to analyze complex

material, question conventional beliefs, and express Which choice completes the text with the most logical

thoughts in concise manner. transition?

A) On one hand,

Which choice completes the text with the most logical B) For instance,

transition? C) However,

A) In broad terms, D) Similarly,

B) For example,

C) In contrast,

D) Nevertheless,

24
In some cases, plastics are further sorted by the method Predictions that electronic books would replace physical

by which they were manufactured. ______ bottles, tubs, ones entirely appear to have been premature. ______

and trays are typically made from PET (polythylene sales of printed books have actually overtaken sales of

terephthalate) or HDPE (high density polyethylene), the electronic ones in some genres. While easy access to

two most recovered plastics after the leading type, LDPE. online platforms satisfies consumers’ demand for

Bottles are produced by a process called blow-molding, in instant content, print offers readers a tactile experience

which the plastic is heated until soft, then blown up, much they cannot obtain from screens.

like a balloon, while being pushed against a mold. Tubs

and trays are usually made by a process called injection Which choice completes the text with the most logical

molding, in which the plastic is heated until it can be transition?

pushed through nozzles into a mold. A) Similarly,

B) Nevertheless,

Which choice completes the text with the most logical C) In fact,

transition? D) On the other hand,

A) However,

B) For example,

C) Consequently,

D) Similarly,

25
While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the

following notes: following notes:

● Muckrakers were journalists who sought to expose ● Platinum is a rare and expensive metal.

corruption in US institutions during the Progressive Era ● It is used as a catalyst for chemical reactions.

(1897–1920). ● Platinum catalysts typically require a large amount of

● Ida Tarbell was a muckraker who investigated the platinum to be effective.

Standard Oil Company. ● Researcher Jianbo Tang and his colleagues created a

● She interviewed Standard Oil Company executives, oil platinum catalyst that combines platinum with liquid

industry workers, and public officials. gallium.

● She examined thousands of pages of the company’s ● Their catalyst was highly effective and required only

internal communications, including letters and financial trace amounts of platinum (0.0001% of the atoms in the

records. mixture).

● Her book The History of the Standard Oil Company The student wants to explain an advantage of the new

(1904) exposed the company’s unfair business practices. platinum catalyst developed by Jianbo Tang and his

The student wants to emphasize the thoroughness of Ida colleagues.

Tarbell’s investigation of the Standard Oil Company. Which Which choice most effectively uses relevant information

choice most effectively uses relevant information from the from the notes to accomplish this goal?

notes to accomplish this goal? A) Like other platinum catalysts, the new platinum

A) Ida Tarbell not only interviewed Standard Oil catalyst requires a particular amount of the

executives, oil industry workers, and public metal to be effective.

officials but also examined thousands of pages of B) Platinum is a rare and expensive metal that is

the company’s internal communications. used as a catalyst for chemical reactions;

B) As part of her investigation of the Standard Oil however, platinum catalysts typically require a

Company, muckraker Ida Tarbell conducted large amount of platinum to be effective.

interviews. C) While still highly effective, the new platinum

C) Published in 1904, muckraker Ida Tarbell’s book catalyst requires far less of the rare and

The History of the Standard Oil Company exposed expensive metal than do other platinum

the company’s unfair business practices. catalysts.

D) Ida Tarbell, who investigated the Standard Oil D) Researcher Jianbo Tang and his colleagues

Company, was a muckraker (a journalist who created a platinum catalyst that combines

sought to expose corruption in US institutions platinum, a rare and expensive metal, with

during the Progressive Era, 1897–1920). liquid gallium.

26
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● In 1851, German American artist Emanuel Leutze painted Washington Crossing the Delaware.

● His huge painting (149 × 255 inches) depicts the first US president crossing a river with soldiers in the

Revolutionary War.

● In 2019, Cree artist Kent Monkman painted mistikôsiwak (Wooden Boat People): Resurgence of the People.

● Monkman’s huge painting (132 × 264 inches) was inspired by Leutze’s.

● It portrays Indigenous people in a boat rescuing refugees.

The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the two paintings. Which choice most effectively uses relevant

information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) Monkman, a Cree artist, finished his painting in 2019; Leutze, a German American artist, completed his in

1851.

B) Although Monkman’s painting was inspired by Leutze’s, the people and actions the two paintings portray are

very different.

C) Leutze’s and Monkman’s paintings are both huge, measuring 149 × 255 inches and 132 × 264 inches,

respectively.

D) Leutze’s painting depicts Revolutionary War soldiers, while Monkman’s depicts Indigenous people and

refugees.

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn

to any other module in the test.

27
Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

28
 For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

● If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer

29
(𝑥 + 15) − (𝑥 + 4) Line p in the 𝑥𝑦-plane contains the points (5, 0) and

What is the value of the given expression? (5, 5). Which of the following is the equation of line 𝑝?

A) 11 A) 𝑥= 0

B) 19 B) 𝑥= 5

C) 2𝑥 + 11 C) 𝑦 = 0

D) 2𝑥 + 19 D) 𝑦 = 5

Equation A: 𝑦 = 3𝑥 𝑇(ℎ) = 15ℎ

Equation B: 𝑦 =− 2𝑥 + 5 The function 𝑇, defined by the equation shown, gives

When the given system of equations is graphed in the the total amount of money, in dollar, Ellie makes per

𝑥𝑦-plane , which of the following statements is true day at her job, where ℎ is the number of hours Ellie

about the point (1, 3)? works that day. Which of the following is the best

A) The point (1, 3) satisfies only equation A. interpretation of 15 in this context?

B) The point (1, 3) satisfies only equation B. A) The amount, in dollars, Ellie makes per hour.

C) The point (1, 3) satisfies both equations in the B) The amount, in dollars, Ellie makes per day.

system. C) The number of hours Ellie works per day.

D) The point (1, 3) satisfies neither equations in D) The number of days Ellie works per pay period.

the system.

30
 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 1

𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3

The solution to the given system of equations is (𝑥, 𝑦).

What is the value of 𝑦?

The graph of the equation 8𝑥 − 10𝑦 = 𝐶, where 𝐶 is a

constant, is shown. What is the value of 𝐶?

A) − 40

B) − 18

C) 18

D) 40

5𝑥 − 2 = 𝑞𝑥 − (𝑥 + 2) The kinetic energy 𝐾, in joules, of an object is given by

In the equation shown, 𝑞 is a constant. If the equation the formula 𝐾 = 𝑚𝑣 , where 𝑚 is the mass of the
1 2
2

has infinitely many solutions, what is the value of 𝑞? object, in kilograms, and 𝑣 is the velocity of the object,

A) 7 in meters per second. In the kinetic energy of a specific

B) 6 object can be found by using the formula 𝐾 = 10𝑣 ,

2

C) 5 what is the mass if the object, in kilograms?

D) 4 A) 5

B) 10

C) 20

D) 100

If 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 10, what is the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 5? 6

+ 4=
1
𝑥−2 𝑥−2

What is the solution to the given equation?

A) − 2

B)
3
− 4

C)
3
4

D) 2

31
 2
10𝑥 + 3 − 5𝑥 + 7 = 35 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 4 = 0
What value of 𝑥 satisfies the equation above? If one of the solutions of the given equation is
−3+ 𝑐
,
4
where 𝑐 is a constant, what is the value of 𝑐 ?

2 2 −(2+𝑥)
(𝑥 + 5) + (𝑦 + 12) = 49 𝑓( 𝑥 ) = 4
The given equation represents a circle in the 𝑥𝑦-plane. Which of the following equivalent forms of the given
If the circle is translated up 2 units, which of the function displays the 𝑦-coordinate of the 𝑦-intercept of
following is an equation of the resulting circle? its graph in the 𝑥𝑦-plane as a constant?
A)
2 2
(𝑥 + 3) + (𝑦 + 12) = 49
A)
1 1 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 16
(4)
B)
2 2
(𝑥 + 5) + (𝑦 + 10) = 49
B)
1 (2+𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) = ( 4 )
C)
2 2
(𝑥 + 5) + (𝑦 + 14) = 49
C)
−2(2+𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) = 2
D) (𝑥 + 7) + (𝑦 + 12) = 49
2 2

D)
(−2−𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) = 4

𝑎
𝑐 3 𝑉−𝑆
𝑥 = 6
𝑥 𝐷 = 𝑁

In the equation above, 𝑥 > 1. What is the value of 𝑎𝑐 ? The given equation relates the variable 𝐷, 𝑁, 𝑆, and 𝑉 .

A) 2 Which of the following equations gives 𝑆 in terms of

B) 3 𝐷, 𝑁, and 𝑉 ?

A)
𝐷𝑁
C) 9 𝑆= 𝑉

B)
𝐷−𝑁
D) 18 𝑆= 𝑉

C) 𝑆 = 𝐷𝑁 − 𝑉

D) 𝑆 = 𝑉 − 𝐷𝑁

32
Energy is being used at a rate of 75 joules per second. What is 50% of 20?

At this rate, how long will it take for 30,000 joules of A) 2

energy to be used? B) 3

A) 0.0025 second C) 10

B) 400 second D) 30

C) 29,925 second

D) 2,250,000 second

5𝑥 + 22𝑦 = 40

Lycopene is a chemical that occurs naturally in some fruits and vegetables. Shreya combined 𝑥 cups of carrot juice

and 𝑦 cups of tomato juice to make a mixture that contained 40 miligrams of lycopene, which is represented by

the given equation. Based on the equation, if the mixture consisted of 2.5 cups of carrot juice, how many cups of

tomato juice did Shreya use to make the mixture?

A) 3.00

B) 1.50

C) 1.25

D) 0.75

The air pressure in Charlize’s scuba tank is 3,442 The volume of rectangular solid X is 200 cubic units.

pounds per square inch. The area of the base of the The length, the width, and the height of rectangular

tank is approximately 40 square inches. Which of the solid Y are 2 times the corresponding dimensions of

following is closest to the force, in pounds, exerted by rectangular solid X. What is the volume, in cubic units,

the air on the base of the tank? (force = pressure x of rectangular solid Y?

area)

A) 85

B) 1,700

C) 69,000

D) 140,000

33
 In the right triangle on the left, the length of segment

𝐴𝐶 is 5. What is the length of segment 𝐴𝐵?

A)
5
3

B)
5
2

C) 5 2

D) 5 3

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

34
Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

35
 For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

● If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer

36
6𝑥 − 7𝑦 =− 24 A line in the 𝑥𝑦-plane contains the points (𝑎, 8) and

(− 𝑎, 2), where 𝑎 is a positive constant. If this line is

2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 14
defined by the equation 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑚 and 𝑏
The ordered pair (𝑥, 𝑦) is a solution to the system of
are constants, what is the value of 𝑏?
equations above. What is the value of ?
𝑦

A) 6
𝑥

A) − 6
B) 5
B) −
7
2 C) 3
C) −
1
2 D) −6
D) 3

The average weight of adult male giraffes is 3,009

pounds. If that weight is 31 pounds less than 20 times

the birth weight of a baby giraffe born at the Virginia

Zoo, what is the weight, in pounds, of the baby giraffe?

The graph in the 𝑥𝑦-plane shown consists of five

segments. According to the graph, if the value of 𝑦 is

twice the value of 𝑥, what is the value of 𝑥?

If 250% of a positive number 𝑛 can be represented as In the equation 𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 + 1 = 0, 𝑘 is a positive

2

𝑘𝑛, what is the value of 𝑘 ? constant. If the equation has exactly one solution, what

is the value of 𝑘 ?

37
 The data set summarized by the histogram above

The function 𝑓 is graphed in the 𝑥𝑦-plane shown, where contains 100 values. The first bar includes values of

𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥). Which of the following represents the graph more than 10 and at most 20, the second bar includes

of the function 𝑓 translated 2 units to the right? values of more than 20 and at most 30, and so on.

A) 𝑦 = (5)
1 𝑥 Which range of values contains the median value of the

data set?
B)
1 𝑥
𝑦 = (5) − 2
A) More than 30 and at most 40
C)
1 𝑥−1
𝑦 = (5)
B) More than 40 and at most 50
D)
1 𝑥−1
𝑦 = ( 5
) − 2 C) More than 50 and at most 60

D) More than 60 and at most 70

The table shows the activity levels that were recorded

Activity level Number of people for a group of 50 people by fitness trackers over a

one-hour period. If one of the 50 people is selected at

High 7
random, what is the probability that the person

Moderate 10 selected has a recorded activity level of high? (Express

your answer as a decimal or fraction, not as a percent.)

Low 22

Inactive 11

Total 50

38
Which of the following is equivalent to , If 𝑓 is an exponential function and the value of 𝑓 (𝑥)
1 1
2 − 𝑥+1
𝑥 +𝑥
doubles each time 𝑥 is increased by 5, which of the
where 𝑥 > 0?
following could define 𝑓 ?
A)
𝑥−1
− 2
A)
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑥+5
𝑓(𝑥) = 2
B)
𝑥+1
−
B)
2 𝑥
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + 5
C)
𝑥−1 𝑥

C)
2
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 5
D)
𝑥+1
D)
5𝑥
2
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 2

8𝑥 + 𝑎 = 4(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 )

In the given equation, 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants. If the

equation has an infinite number of solutions, which of

the following must be true?

A) 𝑏 = 2 and 𝑐 = 4𝑎

B) 𝑏 = 2 and 𝑐 =
𝑎
4

C) 𝑏 = 𝑎 and 𝑐 =
𝑎
4

D) 𝑏 = 𝑎 and 𝑐 = 2

The points in a data set are shown in the scatterplot.

Which of the following quadratic equations best

models the data?

A)
2
𝑦 =− 0. 5𝑥 + 25𝑥 + 15

B)
2
𝑦 =− 0. 5𝑥 − 25𝑥 + 15

C)
2
𝑦 = 0. 5𝑥 − 25𝑥 + 15

D) 𝑦 = 0. 5𝑥 + 25𝑥 + 15
2

39
 |3𝑥 − 2| =− 5 The function 𝑓 has the property that for each increase
How many solutions does the given equation above of 1 in the value of 𝑥, the value of 𝑓 (𝑥) is halved. If
have? 𝑓 (0) = 2, which of the following defines 𝑓 (𝑥)?
A) Zero
A) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 𝑥 + 2
B) One
B)
1
𝑓(𝑥) =−
C) Two
𝑥−2

C)
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 2− 𝑥
D) Infinitely many
2

D) 𝑓(𝑥) =
1 𝑥
2( 2 )

In the equation (𝑥 − 𝑎) + (𝑦 + 𝑎) = 1, 𝑎 is a positive constant. Which of the following could be the graph
2 2

of the equation in the 𝑥𝑦-plane?

A) B)

D)
C)

40
The graphs of the linear function 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 4 and the
If cos(A)=0.57, what is the value of sin(C)?
exponential function 𝑦 = (2) are shown in the 𝑥𝑦
1 𝑥
2
A) 0.19
-plane. For which of the following intervals is
B) 0.43
(2) ?
1 𝑥
3𝑥 − 4 > 2 C) 0.57
A)
D) 0.81
𝑥 <− 4

B) − 4 < 𝑥< 2

C) 2 < 𝑥< 4

D) 𝑥 > 4

If the graphs in 𝑥𝑦-plane of 𝑦 = and 𝑦 =

2 −6
15−6𝑥 ℎ(𝑥)

are identical for all values of 𝑥 for which the equations

are defined, which of the following represents ℎ(𝑥)?

A) 2𝑥 − 5

B) 6𝑥 − 15

C) − 18𝑥 + 45

D) 18𝑥 − 45
In the figure, points 𝐵 and 𝐷 are the midpoints of 𝐴𝐶

and 𝐶𝐸 , and 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐶𝐸 . If 𝑥 = 100 and 𝑦 = 25, what is

the value of 𝑧?

A) 75

B) 100

C) 105

D) 125

41
The box plot shows the maximum ground temperature, in degrees Celsius (℃), each day for 40 solar days on

Mars. Which of the following could be the number of solar days for which the maximum ground temperature on

Mars was at least 9℃?

A) 10

B) 20

C) 25

D) 30

𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 + 𝑐)

The function 𝑓 is defined above where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are positive constants. Which of the following could be the

graph of 𝑓 in the 𝑥𝑦-plane?

A) B)

C) D)

42
 STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

43