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Hott Rolling & Cold Rolling

The rolling process is a metal forming technique that compresses metal ingots between rotating rollers to reduce thickness while increasing length and width. It includes hot rolling, which occurs above the recrystallization temperature and is used for structural components, and cold rolling, which is performed at room temperature for precise applications and enhanced mechanical properties. Key products of the rolling process include blooms, billets, slabs, plates, sheets, and bars, each with specific characteristics and applications.

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12 views15 pages

Hott Rolling & Cold Rolling

The rolling process is a metal forming technique that compresses metal ingots between rotating rollers to reduce thickness while increasing length and width. It includes hot rolling, which occurs above the recrystallization temperature and is used for structural components, and cold rolling, which is performed at room temperature for precise applications and enhanced mechanical properties. Key products of the rolling process include blooms, billets, slabs, plates, sheets, and bars, each with specific characteristics and applications.

Uploaded by

Sambit Laha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rolling Process

Hot Rolling vs Cold Rolling


Working, Types, Characteristics and Application – Explained in Details…
ROLLING PROCESS
• The Rolling is one of the metal forming processes in which the material (Metal Ingot) is
compressed in between the two or more rotating rollers such that the stress
responsible for changing the shapes of the material is only by compressive stress.

• This process reduces the actual thickness to the desired thickness.

• The basic consideration is that the thickness between the rollers should be less than
the Metal’s (Ingot) Initial Thickness.This consideration will help metal’s forward motion
as it passes through the gap between the Rollers.

• Rolling Process decreases the Thickness of Metal and Increases its Length and Width,
Keeping Overall Volume Constant.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF ROLLING
Terminology used In Rolling Process :

INGOT: It is the Starting Metal that is Provided Input to the Rolling Process. The Ingot is a
forging terminology, where metal is taken out from the cast with various defects.

Ingots are very large casting products, greater in size and shape than blooms, billets and
slabs. Ingot generally has rectangular/square cross section, but it is not necessary that it
should be uniform through out its length. (Ingot may have variable cross section.)

BLOOM: It is the first rolled product of Ingot,with a Cross-section area of more than 230 cm2.

BILLET: The product is obtained by further rolling of Bloom, having an area of Cross-section
greater than 1600 mm2.

SLAB: It is a hot Rolled Ingot, with a Cross-section area greater than 100 cm2 and
Width>=2*thickness.
INGOT ,BILLET, BLOOM & SLAB
PLATE: It is the mill product, with thickness more than 6 mm.

SHEET: It is a mill product, with thickness less than 6 mm, and width
greater than 600 mm.

STRIP: It is a mill product with thickness less than 6 mm, and width
less than 600 mm.

FOIL: It is a thin strip, with a width of 300 mm, and a maximum


thickness of 1.5 mm.

BAR: It is a Uniform circular cross-section Object, in the form of a


Cylinder.

WIRE: It is a bar with a small area of cross-section, which may go up


to 9.5 mm2.
TYPES OF ROLLING PROCESS
Rolling Process has three stages of Completion :

1. Primary Rolling: It is the Primary stage of Thickness reduction, in which Ingot is


changed into simple stock members like bloom and slab. This process refines the
structure, improves the mechanical properties, and removes Internal defects.

2. Hot Rolling: Blooms and Slabs Obtained by Primary rolling are converted into plates,
sheets, rods, and Other secondary members through Hot Rolling.

• If the temperature of the metal is above the recrystallization temperature, then the
process is known as hot rolling.

• As it cools, hot rolled metal tends to shrink non-uniformly, giving less control on the
size and shape of the finished product when compared to cold rolled. Here, the
material is cooled followed by annealing and/or tempers rolling.
 In materials science, formation of the defect free states from the cold worked states
without phase change is called Recrystallization.

 In recrystallization process by which deformed grains are replaced by a new set of


defect-free grains.

 Recrystallization Temperature : It mostly depends upon the Melting Point and the
Impurities present in the metals. Generally for pure metals recrystallization
temperature is in the range of approximately 0.3 to 0.4 Tm and for alloys it is in the
0.5 Tm (Tm is the melting point).
1. CHARACTERISTICS OF HOT ROLLED METAL :
2. Have a scaly finish which can be removed by pickling, grinding, or sand-blasting.
3. Slightly rounded edges and corners for plate products.
4. Coefficient of friction between roller and metal is higher.
5. Slight distortions.
6. More malleable and able to be turned into various shapes.
7. Increased ductility and toughness.
8. Cheaper than cold rolled metal.
APPLICATIONS OF HOT ROLLED METAL :
Hot rolled steel tends to be cheaper than cold rolled steel because it is manufactured
without any delays in the process. It can be used in applications where precise shapes
and tolerances are not required, such as:
o Structural Components (Railroad Tracks, I-Beams, Sheet Metal)
o Agricultural Equipment
o Metal Buildings
o Stampings
o Automotive Frames
3. Cold Rolling : Cold rolled steel is essentially hot rolled steel that has been further
processed by being allowed to cool at room temperature and annealed or temper rolled.

• This is a final finishing process, in which the Final products Obtained are given good
surface finish, tolerances, and enhancing their mechanical properties.

• If the temperature of the metal is below the recrystallization temperature during


rolling, then the process is known as cold rolling.

• It is also up to 20% stronger than hot rolled through the use of strength hardening.This

Process Flow Diagram of Rolling.


CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD ROLLED METAL :

1. Can be used in precise applications


2. Harder and stronger than hot rolled steels
3. Coefficient of friction between roller and metal is lower.
4. Increased hardness, resistance against tension breaking, and resistance against
deformation due to work hardening
5. Aesthetically pleasing finish with a wider range of surface finishes & Closer tolerances.

APPLICATIONS OF COLD ROLLED STEEL:


Cold rolled steel is used in applications where tolerances, surface conditions, concentricity,
and straightness are factors. It also offers a more aesthetic and visually appealing surface.
Other applications include:
o Home Appliances.
o Metal Furniture.
o Aerospace Structural Components
o Automotive Parts.

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