BS ISO 22559-1:2014

BSI Standards Publication

Safety requirements for lifts

(elevators)
Part 1: Global essential safety requirements
(GESRs)
BS ISO 22559-1:2014 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 22559-1:2014.
It supersedes DD ISO/TS 22559-1:2004 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee MHE/4, Lifts, hoists and escalators.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
© The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards
Limited 2014
ISBN 978 0 580 79224 3
ICS 91.140.90
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2014.
Amendments issued since publication
Date Text affected
 BS ISO 22559-1:2014

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22559-1

First edition
2014-02-15

Safety requirements for lifts

(elevators) —
Part 1:
Global essential safety requirements
(GESRs)
Exigences de sécurité des ascenseurs —
Partie 1: Exigences essentielles de sécurité globale des ascenseurs

Reference number
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

© ISO 2014
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms................................................................................................................................. 2
4 Approach and methodology...................................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.1 Background................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
4.2 Approach....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.3 Methodology.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
5 Understanding and implementing GESRs................................................................................................................................... 8
5.1 Overall objective..................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.2 Use of GESRs.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
5.3 Use of this part of ISO 22559.................................................................................................................................................... 11
6 Global essential safety requirements (GESRs)....................................................................................................................13
6.1 Common GESRs related to persons at different locations............................................................................... 13
6.2 GESRs related to persons adjacent to the lift.............................................................................................................. 15
6.3 GESRs related to persons at entrances............................................................................................................................. 16
6.4 GESRs related to persons in the LCU.................................................................................................................................. 17
6.5 GESRs related to persons in working areas................................................................................................................. 19
Annex A (informative) Overview of GESRs in relation to lift subsystems.....................................................................21
Annex B (normative) Requirements relevant to the EU market............................................................................................27
Annex C (informative) Comparison of GESRs with EHSRs of LD and MD.......................................................................28
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 98

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  iii

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 178, Lifts, escalators and moving walks.
This first edition of ISO 22559 cancels and replaces ISO/TS 22559‑1:2004.
ISO 22559 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety requirements for lifts (elevators):
— Part 1: Global essential safety requirements (GESRs)
— Part 2: Safety parameters meeting the global essential safety requirements (GESRs) (Technical
Specification)
— Part 3: Global conformity assessment procedures (GCAP) — Prerequisites for certification of conformity
of lift systems, lift components and lift functions (Technical Specification)
— Part 4: Global conformity assessment procedures (GCAP) — Certification and accreditation requirements
(Technical Specification)

iv  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


Introduction
0.1 After the publication of ISO/TR 11071‑1 and ISO/TR 11071‑2, discrepancies were noted in the lift
safety standards, and it was agreed that there was a need for an ISO publication that would set global
essential safety requirements for lifts (elevators). The work, however, could start only after ISO 14798
was completed. This methodology was a critical tool in the development of this part of ISO 22559 on
safety requirements for lifts.
0.2 The objective of the ISO 22559 series of documents is to:
a) define a common global level of safety for all people using, or associated with, lifts (elevators);
b) facilitate innovation of lifts (elevators) not designed according to existing local, national or regional
safety standards, while maintaining equivalent levels of safety; and
c) help remove trade barriers.
NOTE ISO/TS 22559‑2 contains global safety parameters (GSPs) for lifts (elevators) that should further
assist in the use and implementation of the global essential safety requirements (GESRs) specified in this part of
ISO 22559.

0.3 Clause 4 describes the approach and methodology used in the development of this part of
ISO 22559. Clause 5 gives instructions for the use and implementation of GESRs. The GESRs are presented
in Clause 6. Each GESR specifies a safety objective, i.e. what is to be achieved, not how to do it. This allows
innovation and development of future technologies. Annex A gives an overview of GESRs in relation to
lift subsystems.
0.4 This part of ISO 22559 does not supersede National Regulations. Users of this part of ISO 22559
should comply with the National Regulations. This part of ISO 22559 is intended to support national
regulations on safety assessment of new lifts.
0.5 The hazards associated with lifts are similar worldwide. For achieving an appropriate uniform
safety level, the requirements in this part of ISO 22559 should be considered in any safety assessment of
new lifts.
0.6 ISO 22559‑1 GESRs or the EU Lifts Directive 95/16/EC essential health and safety requirements
(EHSRs), as well as those EHSRs of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC applicable to lifts, when
complied with, give an appropriate level of safety for lifts. See Annex B for application of European
legislation.
0.7 The ISO 22559 series of documents provides a process for assessment of conformity of lift
systems, lift components or lift functions with the safety requirements specified in ISO 22559‑1. It
includes a structured methodology for establishing, documenting and demonstrating that necessary
and appropriate protective measures are taken to eliminate hazards or sufficiently mitigate risks. This
process is particularly useful for establishing safety of lift systems, lift components or lift functions
involving innovative design or new technologies.
NOTE If one is using the process, parts 1 to 4 of the ISO 22559 series should be used.

0.8 ISO/IEC Guide 51 has been taken into account as far as practicable at the time of drafting of this
part of ISO 22559. The process of risk reduction described in ISO/IEC Guide 51 is accomplished using
ISO 14798.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  v

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

Safety requirements for lifts (elevators) —

Part 1:
Global essential safety requirements (GESRs)

1 Scope
This part of ISO 22559
— specifies GESRs for lifts (elevators), their components and functions, and
— establishes a system and provides methods for minimizing safety risks that may arise in the course
of, the operation and use of, or work on, lifts (elevators).
NOTE 1 Hereinafter in this part of ISO 22559, the term “lift” is used instead of the term “elevator”.

NOTE 2 See Clause 5 regarding the use and application of this part of ISO 22559.

This part of ISO 22559 is applicable to lifts that are intended to carry persons or persons and goods that
can
a) be located in any permanent and fixed structure or building, except lifts located in means of
transport, (e.g. ships);
b) have any
1) rated load, size of load carrying unit and speed, and
2) travel distance and number of landings;
c) be affected by fire in the load-carrying unit (LCU), earthquake, weather, or flood;
d) be foreseeably misused (e.g. overloaded) but not vandalized.
This part of ISO 22559 does not cover
a) all needs of users with disabilities1), or
b) risks arising from
1) work on lifts under construction, testing, or during alterations and dismantling,
2) use of lifts for fire fighting and emergency evacuation,
3) vandalism, and
4) fire outside the LCU.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

1) Although the GESRs specified in this part of ISO 22559 have been identified and evaluated by risk assessment,
not all disabilities or combinations of such disabilities of users have necessarily been addressed.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  1

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, Safety aspects — Guidelines for their inclusion in standards
ISO 14798:2009, Lifts (elevators), escalators and moving walks — Risk assessment and reduction methodology

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
authorized person
person with authorization to access restricted lift areas [e.g. machinery spaces, lift well (hoistway), pit
and LCU top] skilled and trained to work therein, for the purpose of inspecting, testing, repairing and
maintaining the lift or for rescuing users from a stalled load-carrying unit (LCU)
3.2
cause
circumstance, condition, event, or action that in a hazardous situation contributes to the production of
an effect
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.1]
3.3
counterweight
mass that contributes traction in the case of a traction lift, or mass that saves energy by balancing all or
part of the mass of the load-carrying unit (LCU) (car) and the rated load
3.4
door
〈landing or load-carrying unit (LCU)〉 mechanical device (including devices that partially or fully enclose
the opening) used to secure an LCU or landing entrance
3.5
effect
result of a cause in the presence of a hazardous situation
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.2]
3.6
electromagnetic compatibility
EMC
degree of immunity to incident electromagnetic radiation and level of emitted electromagnetic radiation
of electrical apparatus
3.7
essential health and safety requirement
EHSR
requirement intended to eliminate or sufficiently mitigate the risk of harm to users, non-users and
authorized persons using, or associated with, lifts
3.8
fully loaded load-carrying unit (LCU)
LCU (car) with its rated load
3.9
global essential safety requirement
GESR
globally agreed upon essential safety requirement
Note 1 to entry: See 4.3.3.

2  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


3.10
harm
physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.3 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.3]
3.11
harmful event
occurrence in which a hazardous situation results in harm
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.4 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.4]
3.12
hazard
potential source of harm
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.5 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.5]
3.13
hazardous situation
circumstance in which people, property or the environment are exposed to one or more hazards
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.6 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.6]
3.14
hoistway
well
travel path(s) of the load-carrying unit (LCU) and related equipment plus the spaces below the lowest
landing and above the highest landing
3.15
hoistway enclosure
well enclosure
fixed structural elements that isolate the well (hoistway) from all other areas or spaces
3.16
landing
floor, balcony or platform used to receive and discharge persons or goods (freight) from the load-
carrying unit (LCU)
3.17
lift (GB)
elevator (US)
lifting appliance intended to transport persons with or without goods or freight by means of a power-
operated load-carrying unit (LCU) that is guided by a fixed guiding system from one landing to another,
at an angle of more than 75° to the horizontal
Note 1 to entry: This term does not include mobile or other working platforms or baskets, or lifting appliances
used in the course of construction of buildings or structures.

Note 2 to entry: See ISO/TR 11071‑1, Clause 2, for use of the term “lift” versus the term “elevator” in current
national standards for lifts.

3.18
load-carrying unit
LCU
car
part of a lift designed to carry persons and/or other goods for the purpose of transportation

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  3

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


3.19
maintenance
process of examination, lubrication, cleaning and adjustments of lift parts to ensure the safe and intended
functioning of the lift and its components after the completion of the installation and throughout its life
cycle
3.20
non-user
person in the vicinity of a lift but not intending to access or use the lift
3.21
overload
overloaded
load in the load-carrying unit (LCU) that exceeds the rated load of the lift
3.22
platform
part of the load-carrying unit (LCU) that accommodates persons and load for the purpose of transportation
3.23
protective measure
means used to reduce risk
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.8 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.8]
Note 1 to entry: Protective measures include risk reduction by inherently safe design, protective devices, use of
personal protective equipment, information for use and installation, and training.

3.24
rated load
load that the lift is designed and installed to transport
3.25
relative movement
situation where a lift component moves in the vicinity of another lift component that is stationary or
that moves at a different speed or in a different direction
Note 1 to entry: This may also occur in a situation where a lift component moves in the vicinity of a structure
where persons can be present.

EXAMPLE Building floor surrounding the lift well (hoistway).

3.26
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.10 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.2]
3.27
risk analysis
systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.11 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.10]
3.28
risk assessment
overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.12 and ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.12]

4  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


3.29
risk evaluation
consideration of the risk analysis results to determine if the risk reduction is required
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.13]
3.30
scenario
sequence of a hazardous situation, cause and effect
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.14]
3.31
severity
level of potential harm
[SOURCE: ISO 14798, definition 2.15]
3.32
transportation
process in the course of which persons enter, or goods are moved, into a load-carrying unit (LCU), which
is then lifted or lowered to another landing, where the person exits, or goods are removed from, the LCU
3.33
travel path
path and related space between the lift terminal landings within which an LCU travels
Note 1 to entry: For “space” above and below terminal landings, see definition 3.14 for “hoistway” or “well”.

3.34
uncontrolled movement
situation where the load-carrying unit (LCU) travels at a speed that is beyond the control of the means
designed and intended to control the LCU speed during the lift operation
EXAMPLE The LCU speed exceeds its designed speed or does not decelerate or stop as intended, due to failure
of, or breakdown in, lift components, such as the speed control or brake system.

3.35
unintended movement
situation where the load-carrying unit (LCU) moves when, according to design of the lift, it was to
remain stationary
EXAMPLE The LCU starts to move away from a landing while the users are entering or leaving the LCU, due
to failure of, or breakdown in, lift components, such as the speed control or brake system.

3.36
user
person using the lift for the purpose of normal transportation, without any help or supervision, including
a person carrying goods and a person using a specially dedicated operating system to transport goods
or loads
Note 1 to entry: An example of use of a specially dedicated operating system is “independent service” for transport
of hospital patients, whereby the operation of the lift is under the sole control of the patient’s attendant.

3.37
vandalism
deliberate destruction of, or damage to, property for no obvious gain or reason
3.38
working area or space
area or space defined for use by authorized persons to perform maintenance, repair, inspection or
testing of the lift

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  5

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


4 Approach and methodology

4.1 Background

4.1.1 During the 1970s, the ISO 4190 series of documents were published, which specifies the building
dimensions necessary to permit the installation of lifts. This series also specified criteria for the planning
and selection of lifts and the standards for lift fittings.

4.1.2 In order to facilitate further standardization of lift installations and components, ISO/TC 178
carried out extensive comparisons of regional and national safety standards and codes for lifts. The
results were published in the ISO/TR 11071 series of documents. These Technical Reports gave directions
for possible harmonization of several specific design- and safety-related rules in regional and national
standards. No agreement among the experts could be reached for global harmonization of most rules,
mainly for the following reasons:

a) the compared standards and codes were based on different assumptions and experiences and
written at different stages of industry development, without using a consistent methodology or
consistent procedures, as recommended in ISO/IEC Guide 51; and
b) they were written in prescriptive rather than performance language.

4.1.3 It further became clear that prescriptive standards not only continually lag behind the development
of lift technologies and the state of the art, but also present impediments to the progress and innovation of
industry. Differences in regional and national safety requirements affecting lift designs also pose barriers
to free trade. Therefore, a new approach to the development of lift standards affecting lift safety must be
taken.

4.2 Approach

ISO/IEC Guide 51 has been taken into account as far as practicable at the time of drafting of this part of
ISO 22559.

4.2.2 The intent was to develop EHSRs for lifts whereby the lift is defined in broad terms as a “unit”
carrying load from one floor to another, without any design constraints such as those that are usually
specified in the regional or national lift standards.

A load-carrying unit (LCU) of a lift in this part of ISO 22559 is not necessarily a “car” that consists of a
platform with fully enclosed sides and ceiling. The space in which the unit travels is not necessarily a
fully enclosed “well” or “hoistway” as these terms are defined in national standards.

4.2.3 By taking this approach and by using the systematic risk assessment process in accordance with
ISO 14798, it was possible to establish EHSRs for lifts without imposing restrictions on the design of, or
materials and technologies used in, the lifts.

4.3 Methodology

4.3.1 In order to involve experts from various parts of the world, three regional study groups were
formed (North American, European and Asia-Pacific) with broad participation of local lift experts.

4.3.2 Following the risk assessment process set out in ISO/IEC Guide 51 and the methodology specified
in ISO 14798 each study group

a) identified all safety risk scenarios, including hazardous situations and harmful events (causes
and effects and possible resulting harm) that could arise at all stages and in all conditions of the
operation and use of lifts,

6  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


b) assessed the risk, and

c) formulated EHSRs that, when implemented, would mitigate the risks.
Table 1 gives examples of risk scenarios related to GESRs.

4.3.3 Reports on the assessment of all risk scenarios and essential safety requirements proposed by
each study group were compared and debated within ISO/TC 178 before the final proposals for GESRs for
lifts specified in Clause 6 were established.

Table 1 — Examples of risk scenarios related to GESRs

Risk scenarios Applicable GESR

- Hazards requiring implemen-
NOTE: Risk assessment of all scenarios concluded that tation of protective
- Persons exposed
all identified risks need mitigation measures
EXAMPLE 1 Shearing, crushing 6.1.5 Hazards due to
or abrasion hazards, relative movement
when:
1.1 Users are on a moving LCU that has low or perforated 1.1 persons inside the Users and non-users
guards on its sides. User extends a hand or protrudes a foot LCU shall be protected from
beyond the LCU perimeters; user’s hand or foot engages with the effects of shearing,
external lift objects and become sheared, crushed or cut. crushing or abrasion, or
other injuries due to
1.2 Users are in the lift entrance area and enter the LCU 1.2 entering/exiting
when the door is closing. The doors contact the users who the LCU; or a) the relative movement
are entering the LCU. Persons are crushed or sheared or they of the LCU and external
are destabilized, possibly resulting in an injury due to a fall. objects; and
1.3 Non-users are at the floor area in the vicinity of the lift 1.3 located at the floor b) the relative movement
entrance or at the floor around the LCU travel path; enclo- area in the vicinity of of the lift equipment.
sure around the LCU travel path is low in height or perfo- an operating lift
rated. Person extends a hand or protrudes a foot towards the NOTE 1: For authorized
moving LCU or any other moving lift equipment in the travel persons, see 6.5.9.
path, which engages with the hand or foot, the person’s hand NOTE 2: This GESR
or foot is sheared, crushed or cut. addresses the safety of
persons located inside
and outside the LCU.
EXAMPLE 2 Falling into the lift 6.2.1 Falling into the
well well (hoistway)
2.1 There are no guards between the LCU travel path and the 2.1 Persons close to Means shall be provided
floors surrounding the travel path are high above the bottom unguarded well. to sufficiently mitigate
of the well; a person is close to the well A person leans over the risk to users, non-
the floor edge or the entrance opening sill. The person falls users, and authorized
down the well (hoistway). persons of falling into the
well (hoistway).
2.2 Guards in example 2.1 are provided but do not have 2.2 Persons inside
adequate strength. A person leans against a guard The LCU or close to the NOTE: This GESR
person breaks through the guard and fall down into the well well, whose guard addresses the risk of
(hoistway). is not sufficiently falling into the well
strong. (hoistway)
—from surrounding
floors, and
—from landing doors
when the LCU is absent.
EXAMPLE 3 Various hazards 6.1.3 Equipment inac-
cessible to users and
non-users

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  7

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


Table 1 (continued)

Risk scenarios Applicable GESR

- Hazards requiring implemen-
NOTE: Risk assessment of all scenarios concluded that tation of protective
- Persons exposed
all identified risks need mitigation measures
Users or non-users have access to lift machinery and/or the Unauthorized persons Equipment that is
equipment installed to move or control the LCU. Persons in areas containing hazardous shall not be
inadvertently or deliberately come into contact with moving lift machinery or directly accessible to
or rotating machinery or electrical equipment. This contact equipment users and non-users.
results in death or serious injury if the person is drawn into
NOTE: Locations that are
or comes into contact with the machinery; or the a person is
not accessible include
electrocuted if he comes into contact with exposed electrical
the location behind the
equipment.
enclosure, a locked cover
or door, or out-of-reach
locations.
EXAMPLE 4 Falling from work- 6.5.4 Strength of work-
ing area ing areas
An authorized person is working on top of the LCU. The Authorized person in Means shall be provided
working space that does not have sufficient strength to sup- a designated working to accommodate and
port the authorized person and tools; the working surface area. support the mass of
collapses. The authorized person falls into the LCU sustain- authorized person(s) and
ing serious injuries. associated equipment in
any designated working
area(s).
NOTE: The number of
authorized persons and
the equipment that they
carry or use to fulfil
the anticipated work-
ing activities should
be determined. Those
activities do not include
major repairs when the
working area needs to be
enlarged and reinforced.

5 Understanding and implementing GESRs

5.1 Overall objective

5.1.1 Clause 6 contains a complete set of safety objectives for lifts in the form of global essential safety
requirements (GESRs), which shall be taken into consideration when mitigating safety risks that lifts can
present.

5.1.2 The objectives of the global essential safety requirements in Clause 6 are to:

a) introduce a universal approach to identifying and mitigating potential safety risks on new lift or
lift component designs that use new technologies, materials or concepts that are not adequately
addressed in existing standards, and
b) stimulate harmonization of current lift safety standards.

5.1.3 The GESRs contained in this part of ISO 22559 shall be followed wherever possible. However,
given the present state of the art, the objectives that the GESRs specify are sometimes unattainable. In
such cases, the lift or its components shall be designed and built in such a way as to approximate to those
objectives to the greatest possible extent.

8  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


5.1.4 A GESR states only the safety objective, or “what” shall be done or accomplished but not “how” to
accomplish the objective. Therefore, in order to achieve the safety objective of a GESR, appropriate designs
of lift components and functions shall be selected and their compliance with the GESR shall be verified. In
other words, the ability of the selected components, functions or GSPs to eliminate or sufficiently mitigate
the safety risks shall be demonstrated.

5.2 Use of GESRs

5.2.1 Basis

Each GESR specified in Clause 6 was established after performing the risk assessment of one or more
“risk scenarios” that can result in harm to persons (see Table 1). Consequently, when assessing the safety
of a lift or its components or functions, all risk scenarios shall be analysed and applicable GESRs shall
be identified.
The risk assessment shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 14798.

5.2.2 Ways of using GESRs

5.2.2.1 With respect to a specific task affecting lift safety, such as designing a lift or its components,
GESRs can be used in two ways:

— one can begin with the risk assessment of risk scenarios related to the task in order to identify the
applicable GESRs as in 5.2.2.2; or
— one can begin with a review of all GESRs in order to identify those that could be applicable to the
task, as in 5.2.2.3.
NOTE In addition to designing, tasks could include servicing of, or writing design-prescriptive safety
standard for, lifts or components thereof.

5.2.2.2 When designing a lift or its component, a review of the intended use, foreseeable misuse (see
4.5.5.4 of ISO 14798) and the design shall be made, in which all possible risk scenarios are formulated,
and risk assessment is performed, in order to find out which, if any, GESRs are applicable to the design.
All risk scenarios that could occur during operation and use shall be considered, as well as during the
maintenance or inspection of the lift.

The risk scenarios shall include specifications of all hazardous situations, combined with all harmful
events (causes, effects and possible levels of harm). The risk analysis of a scenario shall be followed by
the process of risk estimation and evaluation in accordance with the methodology specified in ISO 14798.
As long as a risk is assessed as not sufficiently mitigated, the design will have to be continually improved
until the applicable GESR has been fulfilled.
EXAMPLE By following this process, risk scenarios similar to those in Example 1.1 in Table 1 could be
formulated and it could be concluded that there is a possibility of injury to persons exposed to shearing, crushing
or abrasion hazards. The assessment of the risk will indicate that the risk needs further mitigation, which shall be
achieved by changing the design. If it is not feasible, further mitigation shall be achieved by implementing other
protective measures in order to comply with 6.1.5 in Clause 6.

NOTE 1 For practical use of GESRs, see 5.3.

NOTE 2 Guidance and examples for use of GESRs are given in notes in Clause 6, following each GESR. They
should assist in understanding of the intent and use of GESRs.

5.2.2.3 The process can start with a review of GESRs. In this case, one considers the design, the lift or
its components with intent of identifying those GESRs that could be applicable to the design of the lift or
its components. Compliance with each identified GESRs shall be assessed. If the compliance is not self-
evident, risk assessment shall be completed to demonstrate compliance.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  9

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


EXAMPLE In the case of the GESR in 6.1.5 in Example 1 in Table 1, one would examine the lift design or the
installed lift to determine whether any person travelling in the LCU, entering or exiting the LCU, being around the
lift travel path or well (hoistway), or in any similar situation could be exposed to shearing, crushing, abrasion or
similar hazard that can cause harm.

5.2.3 Applicability of GESRs

When analysing the safety of a lift design or component, or when writing a design prescriptive
requirement or standard, the applicability of all GESRs shall be determined. Only systematic descriptions
of all risk scenarios combined with the risk assessment of all scenarios (see ISO 14798) would determine
applicability of individual GESRs.
NOTE The GESR in 6.1.12, related to effects of earthquake on lifts, and the GESR in 6.4.13, related to the risk
of an LCU being affected by flood, are examples of GESRs that are not applicable to every lift.

5.2.4 Safety objectives of GESRs

5.2.4.1 GESRs are not “protective measures” in terms of ISO 14798. A GESR states only the safety
objective; it does not specify how to achieve the objective. Therefore, when designing a lift, appropriate
components and functions shall be selected in terms of parameters such as size, dimensions, strength,
force, energy, material, acceleration, reliability of performance of safety-related parts, etc., as applicable,
and their ability to eliminate or sufficiently mitigate risks to achieve compliance with the objective
specified in the GESR shall be established.
NOTE For more details on safety parameters in relation to GESRs see ISO/TS 22559‑2.

5.2.4.2 Table 1 contains examples that illustrate the method described in 5.2.2.2. In the case of Example 1
of Table 1, in order to eliminate or mitigate the risks to persons inside the LCU, in the lift entrance area
and in the area around the LCU travel path, one would have to determine:

a) the minimum height of the guards or walls on the sides of the LCU platform to avoid the shearing,
crushing and abrasion hazards;
b) the maximum size of perforations (openings) in the LCU guards or walls, if any;
c) the maximum permissible impact, force, speed, kinetic energy, if any, of the door when closing on
the person;
d) the minimum height of the guards or wall separating the LCU travel path and other moving
components from the lift landing and floor area around the lift; and
e) the maximum perforation (openings) in the guards or walls around the travel path, if any.
NOTE 1 There are additional GESRs applicable to the guards on the LCU sides (see 6.4.4) and the LCU travel
path or well (hoistway) sides (see 6.2.1 in Example 2 of Table 1); they are related to the risk of persons falling into
the travel path from the LCU and from the floors around the travel path.

NOTE 2 For illustration of the use of method described in 5.2.2.3 see cases 3 and 4 in Table 1 of ISO/TS 22559‑2.

5.2.4.3 When assessing the risk of a lift system, it is recommended that the lift be divided into
subsystems and all risk scenarios be formulated and all risks be assessed in relation to one subsystem at
a time. However, one GESR can be applicable to more than one subsystem (see Annex A).

5.2.5 Verification of compliance

In order to establish the ability of a selected lift component or function to eliminate or sufficiently
mitigate a risk, as required in 5.2.4, risk assessment in accordance with ISO 14798 shall be carried out.
Furthermore, a component can be assessed as being able to eliminate or sufficiently mitigate a risk, but
the same component can create a new hazard or the component can incorporate elements that could

10  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


fail and make the protective function of the whole component void. For that reason, the reliability of
components, built-in elements and functions to perform as intended shall be established through the
risk analysis and assessment process.
EXAMPLE A failure of a single solid state or software element in the LCU speed-control components, which
are provided for compliance with the GESR in 6.4.6, can make the component non-functional, allowing the LCU to
move out of control.

5.3 Use of this part of ISO 22559

5.3.1 Users

This part of the ISO 22559 series provides a uniform process for assessing the safety of lifts. The GESRs
are intended for use by the following:
a) writers of safety or safety-related standards for lifts; the type of the standard may be a product safety
standard or a product standard containing safety aspects as defined in ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, 7.1;
b) lift designers, manufacturers and installers, and maintenance, repair and service organizations;
c) independent (third-party) conformity assessment bodies; and
d) inspection and testing bodies and similar organizations.

5.3.2 Standards writers

5.3.2.1 Standards writers (e.g. standards writing committees) should use GESRs when

a) reviewing, updating or revising existing standards; and

b) formulating new standards, including those related to new innovative designs and concepts of lifts
or their components not previously covered in published standards.

5.3.2.2 When reviewing, updating or revising existing standards, standards writers should refer to the
applicable GESRs to verify that the existing standards provide sufficient rules to ensure full compliance
with the safety objectives set in the GESRs.

5.3.2.3 New standards related to lift safety can be performance-type (goal-oriented) or design-
prescriptive type standards. In either case, each GESR should be considered, adopted or referenced and
used as a basis when specifying safety requirements.
EXAMPLE The GESR in 6.4.2 states “means shall be provided to support the fully loaded LCU and reasonably
foreseeable overload”. Based on this GESR, which addresses the means supporting the LCU (e.g. hydraulic direct-
plunger drive) or the means on which the LCU is suspended (e.g. the ropes in traction-type drive), the standards
writers should

— in the case of performance-type standards, establish more specific performance requirements for the
LCU support or suspension means, such as the minimum working life, resistance to environmental
conditions, inspection criteria,
— in the case of a design-prescriptive-type standard, specify design requirements, such as the
minimum number of suspension ropes, minimum rope diameter, minimum safety factor, minimum
drive-sheave to rope ratio.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  11

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


5.3.3 Designers, manufacturers, installers, and maintenance, repair and service organizations

5.3.3.1 Lift systems, lift components and lift functions

Lift systems, lift components and lift functions shall be designed, manufactured, installed, adjusted and
maintained
a) in accordance with locally adopted lift standards or other applicable standards, intended to meet
the protection level required by the GESRs;
b) in accordance with this part of ISO 22559, in which case the lift systems, selected lift components and
lift functions shall be proved to meet the safety objective of the GESRs through the risk assessment
process in accordance with ISO 14798; or
c) in accordance with a combination of a) and b) and, if necessary, shall be tested, certified and assessed
for conformity with applicable regional or local regulations.

5.3.3.2 Proof of compliance

5.3.3.2.1 Compliance with 5.3.3.1 a) is achieved by meeting all of the requirements of a standard that
is aligned with the GESRs and other regulations applicable to the jurisdiction in which the lift is to be
operated (e.g. local fire standards, building standards).

5.3.3.2.2 Compliance with 5.3.3.1 b) is achieved by identifying all risk scenarios (see 5.2.2) related to
the particular lift design and by conducting risk assessment using the methodology of ISO 14798, in order
to demonstrate that the requirements specified in all applicable GESRs have been complied with, and
their safety objectives achieved.
NOTE According to ISO 14798, a balanced team of experts who have experience in the design, manufacture,
installation, maintenance, repair and inspection of lifts should conduct the risk assessment. The team should
be led by a facilitator who is well versed and experienced in lift technology and in the use of ISO 14798. The
results of the study should be documented. Any identified risks should be sufficiently mitigated. This approach is
particularly useful for innovative products that have not been covered by existing design-prescriptive standards.

5.3.3.2.3 The approach in 5.3.3.1 c) applies to lifts that meet most requirements of a standard aligned
with the GESRs, but that have certain innovative features not specifically covered by the standard. Such
cases may be handled as follows:

a) Identify all areas where the lift does not comply with specific prescriptive requirements of the
standard.
b) Identify specific requirements of the standard that the innovative lift features do not meet.
In addition, identify all GESRs related to the requirements that the lift, in combination with the
innovative features, cannot meet.
c) Conduct risk assessment, as described in 5.3.3.2.2, of the aspects, areas or features of the lift that
are expected to meet the GESRs identified in b). Any identified risk shall be sufficiently mitigated so
as to achieve a safety level that is at least equivalent to that required by the standard.

5.3.4 Inspection and testing bodies

Where the inspection and testing procedure is not specified in the applicable standards, inspectors
shall use this part of ISO 22559 when
a) verifying that applicable GESRs have been taken into account by the designer, manufacturer,
installer or maintainer;

12  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


b) verifying the suitability of the inspection and testing procedures proposed in the designer’s or
manufacturer’s documentation, or when establishing their own procedure by using GESRs and
analysing related risk scenarios; and
c) assessing the inspection and test results.
For this purpose a procedure similar to that described in 5.2 and 5.3.3 shall be followed.
NOTE Refer to Part 3 and 4 of the ISO 22559 series, for general requirements for certification of conformity.

6 Global essential safety requirements (GESRs)

A lift shall comply with the applicable safety requirements specified in this clause.
NOTE 1 The essential safety requirements are grouped in this clause on the basis of the locations where a
person could be exposed to a hazard, such as the space adjacent to lift (see 6.2), entrance and egress areas (6.3),
space inside the LCU (6.4) and working areas (6.5). The common GESRs are applicable to more than one location
(6.1).

NOTE 2 Annex A is provided to give an overview of the GESRs that are potentially applicable to therein specified
lift subsystems.

6.1 Common GESRs related to persons at different locations

6.1.1 Supports for lift equipment

The means used to support and secure the lift equipment shall be capable of sustaining all loads and
forces (including impact forces) imposed during normal and emergency operation.
NOTE The forces referred to in 6.1.1 are those that result from the intended use, and reasonably foreseeable
overload, of the lift during normal operation (loading, unloading, acceleration, braking, etc.) and emergency
operation (safety gear operation, buffer impact, etc.).

6.1.2 Lift maintenance and repair instructions

Where maintenance or repair is required to ensure continued safety, appropriate instructions shall be
provided emphasizing that suitably trained personnel perform any required work.
NOTE This applies to the lifts and lift components and functions that are subject to wear and tear, not to
those designed for maintenance-free operation. Adequate maintenance is a key element in keeping the lift in safe
operating condition. This GESR aims to prevent the performance of maintenance and repair work by incompetent
persons.

6.1.3 Equipment inaccessible to users and non-users

Equipment that is hazardous shall not be directly accessible to users and non-users.
NOTE Locations that are not accessible include the location behind the enclosure, a locked cover or door, or
out-of-reach locations.

6.1.4 Floors of the LCU and working areas

The floors of the LCU and standing areas of workplaces shall minimize the risk of tripping and slipping.
NOTE LCU and working area floors should be reasonably level, which means that they do not present a
perceptible slope. When considering non-slip materials, attention should be paid to the fact that the roughness
of a material does not remain consistent over time and can vary depending on housekeeping operations (e.g.
cleaning).

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  13

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


6.1.5 Hazards due to relative movement

Users and non-users shall be protected from the effects of shearing, crushing or abrasion, or other
injuries due to
a) relative movement of the LCU and external objects; and
b) relative movement of the lift equipment.
NOTE 1 For authorized persons, see 6.5.9.

NOTE 2 This GESR addresses the safety of persons located inside and outside the LCU.

6.1.6 Locking landing doors and closing LCU doors

Any movement of the LCU that is hazardous to persons shall be stopped if any well (hoistway) door is
open or unlocked or the LCU door is not closed.
NOTE 1 Well (hoistway) doors include lift landing doors, as well as auxiliary well (hoistway) doors or covers
intended for use by authorized persons only (e.g. evacuation doors).

NOTE 2 Levelling and re-levelling (as well as docking or trucking operations) are not considered to be hazardous
movements.

NOTE 3 See also GESR 6.4.9.

6.1.7 Evacuation

Means and procedures shall be provided to enable trapped users or authorized personnel to be safely
released and evacuated.
NOTE The lift system should have means that would permit the movement of the LCU, under control of an
authorized person, to the point of an evacuation opening. Alternative means (e.g. two-way communication means)
that do not require movement of the LCU are not excluded. Extreme cases of LCU blockage (due to safety gear
setting, material damaged due to earthquakes, etc.) can require external means, appropriate instructions and
tooling.

6.1.8 Sharp edges

Means shall be provided to sufficiently mitigate the risk to users and non-users of exposure to sharp
edges.
NOTE For authorized persons, see 6.5.

6.1.9 Hazards arising from the risk of electrical shock

Where electricity is provided, means shall be provided to sufficiently mitigate the risk to users and non-
users of exposure to electrical shock.
NOTE For authorized persons, see 6.5.

6.1.10 Electromagnetic compatibility

The safe operation of a lift shall not be influenced by electromagnetic interferences (EMC). The
electromagnetic emission of the lift shall be restricted to specified limits.
The immunity should be sufficient to prevent unsafe situations if the lift is submitted to foreseeable
radiation. “Immunity” includes immunity to internal influences (self-generated radiation) and immunity
to external influences. The tolerable amount of electromagnetic emission depends on the environment
in which the lift is operating and is defined in specific standards.

14  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


6.1.11 Illumination of the LCU and the landings

The LCU and the landings shall be provided with adequate illumination.
NOTE Adequate illumination means that the light intensity is sufficient for safe access and operation of the
lift control devices, including

— detecting levelling inaccuracy,

— operating landing and LCU controls, and
— minimizing panic by users in the case of power outage.

6.1.12 Effects of earthquakes

In areas subject to earthquake, means shall be provided to minimize the risk to users, when inside the
LCU, and authorized persons, of the foreseeable effects of earthquakes on the lift equipment.
The effects on the safety of users and authorized persons need to be considered at all stages: during
the earthquake (as much as possible), during rescue from a stalled LCU, and when the lift is returned to
normal operation. This assumes that there is no major building failure.

6.1.13 Hazardous materials

The characteristics and quantity of material used for the construction of the lift shall not lead to
hazardous situations.
NOTE Hazardous situations for users, non-users and authorized persons refer to toxicity, fumes, exposure to
chemicals, flammability, exposure to asbestos, etc.

6.1.14 Environmental influences

Users and authorized persons shall be protected from environmental influences.

Environmental influences include the foreseeable weather and operating conditions of the area where
the lift is installed. Users and authorized persons should be protected against direct exposure to the
influences (e.g. by heating or cooling the LCU or working space). In addition, there should be adequate
protection of safety-related lift elements that are susceptible to weather and operating conditions (e.g.
temperature limitations in the machinery space).

6.2 GESRs related to persons adjacent to the lift

6.2.1 Falling into the well (hoistway)

Means shall be provided to sufficiently mitigate the risk of users, non-users, and authorized persons
falling into the well (hoistway).
NOTE This GESR addresses the risk of falling into the well (hoistway)

— from surrounding floors, and

— from landing doors when the LCU is absent.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  15

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


6.3 GESRs related to persons at entrances

6.3.1 Access and egress

Safe means of access and egress shall be provided to the LCU at landings.
NOTE This is applicable to the process of entering and leaving the LCU during normal use of the lift. It suggests
that adequate spaces, dimensions, instructions and correct relative positioning of the LCU at the landing should
be provided.

6.3.2 Horizontal sill-to-sill gap

The horizontal gap between the sill of the LCU and that of the landings shall be limited.
This measurement is taken perpendicular to the moving direction of users. Children who are able to
walk should be considered. The sizes of wheelchair wheels and walking aids should also be taken into
account.

6.3.3 Alignment of the LCU and the landing

When users enter or exit the LCU, its platform and the landing floor shall be substantially aligned.
The step caused by the variation of the LCU load should be limited to avoid stumbling on the part of
users; the step should be small enough to allow safe access for all users, including persons with impaired
mobility.

6.3.4 Self-evacuation from the LCU

Self-evacuation of users shall be possible only when the LCU is at or near a landing.
NOTE “At a landing” means that: the LCU is not too far away from the landing and that the risk of tripping
or falling is marginal. “Near a landing” means that: the gaps between the LCU and landing enables users to pass
through and not to fall into the travel path.

6.3.5 Gap between the landing doors and the LCU doors

The gap between the landing doors and the LCU doors shall not allow the presence of users.
NOTE This GESR aims to prevent persons, including children, from entering sideways into the space between
the LCU and landing doors. This situation can arise when there are:

— multiple panels on the LCU and landing doors, with loose synchronization, and

— combinations of the hinged landing doors and sliding LCU doors.

6.3.6 Means to reopen doors when the LCU is at the landing

Means shall be provided to reopen the LCU and the landing doors, if their closing is obstructed when the
LCU is at the landing.
Obstacles interfering with the door movement should be detected. The movement of the doors and the
LCU should be prevented until the obstacle is removed. Examples of obstacles are parts of user’s body,
trolleys, wheelchairs, etc.

16  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


6.4 GESRs related to persons in the LCU

6.4.1 Strength and size

The LCU shall accommodate and support the rated load and foreseeable overload.
NOTE This GESR primarily addresses the transportation of people. “Accommodate” in this context means to
provide space (volume) for the intended number of users, considering the dimensions and weight of persons. The
foreseeable overload, in terms of users means:

— load normally carried by users (e.g. briefcase, luggage, but without tools such as trolleys),

— coincidence of users taller or heavier than average, and

— more users than the LCU is designed for.

6.4.2 LCU support/suspension

Means shall be provided to support the fully loaded LCU and a reasonably foreseeable overload.
NOTE This addresses the strength and failure of the suspension means when the LCU is loaded with its
rated load. It is, however, understood that the integrity of the lift would be maintained if the foreseeable overload
condition were reached. The rated performances, however, can be affected if the rated load is exceeded.

6.4.3 Overloaded LCU

Means shall be provided to prevent an overloaded LCU from attempting to move away from a landing.
NOTE In this context “to prevent from attempting to move away from a landing” means that the drive system
of hoisting machine will not be activated. When the overload condition is detected, no command will be processed.
This does not cover ropes stretch, loss of traction, etc. It is, however, understood that the integrity of the lift would
be maintained if the foreseeable overload condition were reached.

6.4.4 Falling from the LCU

Means shall be provided to prevent users from falling from the LCU.
NOTE The requirement could be achieved by guards, barriers or walls around the perimeter of the LCU
platform. Protection at any opening between the LCU and the well walls that a user could pass through is also
required by this GESR, typically the gap between the edges of the LCU and the landing door panels.

6.4.5 LCU travel path limits

The vertical travel of the LCU shall be limited to prevent the LCU from uncontrolled running beyond the
travel path.
Means should be provided for safe stopping of the LCU at the end of the travel path. Safe stopping involves
no damage to the equipment and no harm to passengers in the LCU. The “end of travel path” includes a
certain overrun from the position of normal terminal landings.

6.4.6 Uncontrolled movement of the LCU

Means shall be provided to limit uncontrolled movement of the LCU.

NOTE This GESR aims to protect against the effects resulting from the movement of LCU at a speed exceeding
the designed speed and also to prevent effects resulting from unexpected starts of LCU movement. Examples
of such occurrences are: travel of the LCU towards terminal landings at speed exceeding its rated speed, or
movement of the LCU away from a landing when doors are open and users are entering or exiting. An example
of the foreseeable failures that can cause such occurrences is the breakdown in lift components such as speed
control, or drive or braking system.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  17

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


6.4.7 LCU collision with objects in or beyond the travel path

Means shall be provided to avoid collision of the LCU with any equipment in the travel path that could
cause injuries to users.
Means should be provided to prevent the LCU from colliding with any equipment in the well (hoistway).
There should be LCU guards or enclosures of adequate strength to avoid dangerous deflection due to
horizontal forces. Deflection and deformation of the guards or enclosure should be limited so that they
do not create hazardous situation. This GESR also addresses cases where the LCU or counterweight
reaches the structural terminals of the well (hoistway). Eventual impact should be buffered so that it is
not harmful.

6.4.8 LCU horizontal or rotational motion

Horizontal or rotational motion of the LCU shall be limited to sufficiently mitigate the risk of injury to
users and authorized persons.
NOTE Horizontal or rotational free movement of the LCU is to be limited to prevent users from losing balance
and falling.

6.4.9 Change of speed or acceleration

Means shall be provided to ensure that any change of speed or acceleration of the LCU shall be limited to
minimize the risk of injury to the users.
NOTE This covers changes of speed and acceleration of the LCU for both normal and emergency operations.
In the case of an extreme emergency operation (such as stopping a free-falling LCU), the possibility of minor
injuries could be tolerated, due to the extremely remote probability of such an occurrence.

6.4.10 Objects falling on the LCU

LCU users shall be protected from falling objects.

NOTE Falling objects are those that can be reasonably expected as a result of misbehaviour, carrying tools
or similar activities. Open well (hoistway) installations can also be subject to acts of vandalism (objects thrown
from outside). Falling water is not addressed by this GESR.

6.4.11 LCU ventilation

Adequate ventilation shall be provided to the LCU.

NOTE The intent of this GESR is to provide trapped passengers with sufficient air renewal. It is accepted that
normal operation does not require particular measures due to the air exchange from door movement and the fact
that journeys are relatively short.

6.4.12 Fire/smoke in the LCU

The interior of the LCU shall be constructed of materials that are fire-resistant and that develop a low
level of smoke.
NOTE The nature and quantity of the materials used in the LCU (e.g. decorations) can be a very serious source
of harm during fire. Factors that need to be considered include the fire resistance, toxicity, etc., of materials. It is,
however, understood that parts made of materials that do not strictly meet this specification may be used in small
quantities inside the LCU (e.g. control buttons and lighting diffusers).

6.4.13 LCU in flooded areas

Where a risk exists that the LCU could descend into a flooded area, means shall be provided to detect
and prevent descent into a flooded area.

18  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


6.4.14 Stopping means inside the LCU

Means, located inside the LCU, of intentionally interrupting the movement of the LCU by the user shall
only be allowed, if necessary, on lifts with a partially enclosed LCU or lifts for special applications.
NOTE An example of a lift for special application is a goods/passenger lift (freight elevator) with docking
(trucking) operation.

6.4.15 Landing and controls indication

Means shall be provided to identify landings and controls for the users in the LCU.
NOTE Ignorance of the controls or one’s location can create confusion and unpredictable reactions. In normal
conditions, this is probably not a safety issue but it can be significant in emergency situations (fire fighting, etc.).

6.5 GESRs related to persons in working areas

6.5.1 Working area(s) or space(s)

Adequate and safe working area(s) or space(s) shall be provided.

NOTE “Adequate” takes into account the ergonomic principles related to the tasks to be performed.

6.5.2 Accessible equipment

All lift equipment requiring maintenance or repair shall be safely accessible to authorized persons.
If the lift elements requiring maintenance or repair are not accessible, they can be neglected, which
would render the use of the lift unsafe. The elements of the lift should be designed taking this into
account. “Safely” indicates safe and easy access for maintenance and repair operations.

6.5.3 Access to and egress from working spaces in the well (hoistway)

Access to and egress from working spaces in the well (hoistway) shall be safe.
NOTE Safe egress may be achieved with assistance.

6.5.4 Strength of working area(s)

Means shall be provided to accommodate and support the mass of authorized person(s) and associated
equipment in any designated working area(s).
The number of authorized persons and the equipment that they carry or use to fulfil the anticipated
working activities should be determined. Those activities do not include major repairs when the working
area needs to be enlarged and reinforced.

6.5.5 Restrictions on equipment in lift spaces

Only equipment related to the lift installation or its protection shall be placed in the space containing
the lift equipment.
NOTE The intent is to exclude non-authorized personnel (and personnel not acquainted with the dangers
of lift operation) from access to spaces needed for the location of the lift equipment [the machine room and well
(hoistway)] and to prevent the use of these spaces for storage.

6.5.6 Falling from working areas

Means shall be provided to sufficiently mitigate the risk to authorized person of falling from any working
area.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  19

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


Working places in the well (hoistway), such as the LCU roof, temporary platforms, should be equipped
with protective devices (e.g. balustrades) if there is a risk of falling [e.g. a gap between the LCU roof and
the well (hoistway) wall].
The means of prevention (e.g. balustrade) should have sufficient height and strength.

6.5.7 LCU movement under control of an authorized person

Only authorized persons shall be provided with means to prevent or to enable the movement of the LCU
when they are in the travel path. When an authorized person is within reach of unprotected moving
parts of the lift, that person shall be able to prevent or activate movement of the lift equipment.
NOTE Equipment includes all possible moving parts, such as the LCU, counterweight.

6.5.8 Uncontrolled or unintended equipment movement inside the well (hoistway)

Means shall be provided to protect authorized persons from the effects related to uncontrolled or
unintended movement of equipment inside the well (hoistway). Any acceleration or deceleration to
which an authorized person is subjected as a result of uncontrolled or unintended movement shall be
limited to sufficiently mitigate the risk of harm.
If the contact with lift components whose uncontrolled or unintended movement can be harmful,
authorized persons should be provided with means to mitigate such risk, such as controls over equipment
movement or permanently available screens that separate the moving parts from the working area
to guard against accidental contact. “Equipment” includes all possible moving parts, such as the LCU,
counterweight.

6.5.9 Means of protection from various hazards

Means shall be provided to adequately protect an authorized person, in working spaces, from the effects
of shearing, crushing, abrasion, laceration, high temperature, entrapment, etc.
NOTE List of hazards is not all inclusive. Specific hazards need to be considered according to the circumstances.
See also 6.1.4.

6.5.10 Falling objects in the well (hoistway)

While in the well (hoistway), authorized persons shall be adequately protected from falling objects.
NOTE Objects that can fall because of an accidental reaction on the part of a person, e.g. hand-held tools,
loose material placed on LCU (car) roof, etc.

6.5.11 Electric shock in working spaces

Equipment shall be designed and installed to minimize harm to authorized persons due to the effects of
electricity.
NOTE Lift service sometimes requires that authorized people access live parts of electrical equipment.

6.5.12 Illumination of working spaces

All working spaces and access thereto shall be provided with adequate illumination for the use of
authorized persons.
“Adequate illumination” means that the light intensity is sufficient for safe access and for performance
of any maintenance or repair operation of the lift equipment. Illumination may be switched off in the
absence of authorized persons. Emergency lighting should be provided in places where movement of
authorized persons in darkness is dangerous.

20  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


Annex A
(informative)

Overview of GESRs in relation to lift subsystems

A.1 General
Global essential safety requirements [GESRs] are specified in Clause 6 and are grouped according to the
lift locations where a person can be exposed to a hazard, a hazardous situation or event. This annex is
provided to assist users who view a lift as a combination of clearly distinguishable subsystems. Table A.1
gives an overview of all GESRs listed in Clause 6 in relation to lift subsystems.

Table A.1 — Cross-referencing of GESRs in Clause 6 and lift subsystems

Lift subsystem
GESR
Global essential safety requirement in Clause 6 (see A.2 for symbols)
No.
B C E G H L M Sf Sp W
6.1 Common GESRs related to persons at different locations
6.1.1 Supports for lift equipment X O O O O
The means used to support and secure the lift equipment
shall be capable of sustaining all loads and forces (includ-
ing impact forces) imposed during normal and emergency
operation.
6.1.2 Lift maintenance and repair instructions O O O O O O O O O O
Where maintenance or repair is required to ensure con-
tinued safety, appropriate instructions shall be provided
emphasizing that suitably trained personnel perform any
required work.
6.1.3 Equipment inaccessible to users and non-users O O O X O O O O
Equipment that is hazardous shall not be directly accessible
to users and non-users.
6.1.4 Floors of the LCU and working areas X X
The floors of the LCU and standing areas of workplaces shall
minimize the risk of tripping and slipping.
6.1.5 Hazards due to relative movement O X O X X
Users and non-users shall be protected from the effects of
shearing, crushing or abrasion, or other injuries due to
a) the relative movement of the LCU and external objects;
and
b) the relative movement of the lift equipment.
6.1.6 Locking landing doors and closing of LCU doors O O O O X
Any movement of the LCU that is hazardous to persons shall
be stopped if any well (hoistway) door is open or unlocked
or the LCU door is not closed.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  21

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


Table A.1 (continued)

Lift subsystem
GESR
Global essential safety requirement in Clause 6 (see A.2 for symbols)
No.
B C E G H L M Sf Sp W
6.1.7 Evacuation O O X O X O O X
Means and procedures shall be provided to enable trapped
users or authorized personnel to be safely released and
evacuated.
6.1.8 Sharp edges X O X
Means shall be provided to sufficiently mitigate the risk to
users and non-users of exposure to sharp edges.
6.1.9 Hazards arising from the risk of electrical shock X O O O
Where electricity is provided, means shall be provided to
sufficiently mitigate the risk to users and non-users of expo-
sure to electrical shock.
6.1.10 Electromagnetic compatibility X O O
The safe operation of a lift shall not be influenced by elec-
tromagnetic interferences (EMC). The electromagnetic
emission of the lift shall be restricted to specified limits.
6.1.11 Illumination of the LCU and the landings O X X
The LCU and the landings shall be provided with adequate
illumination during use.
6.1.12 Effects of earthquakes O X O O X O O O X
In areas subject to earthquake, means shall be provided to
minimize the risk to users, when inside the LCU, and author-
ized persons, of the foreseeable effects of earthquakes on
the lift equipment.
6.1.13 Hazardous materials O O X X X
The characteristics and quantity of material used for the
construction of the lift shall not lead to hazardous situa-
tions.
6.1.14 Environmental influences O O O X O X
Users and authorized persons shall be protected from envi-
ronmental influences.
6.2 GESRs related to areas adjacent to the lift
6.2.1 Falling into the well (hoistway) O X X O X
Means shall be provided to sufficiently mitigate the risk to
users, non-users, and authorized persons of falling into the
well (hoistway).
6.3 GESRs related to persons at the entrances
6.3.1 Access and egress O O X X O
Safe means of access and egress shall be provided to the
LCU at landings.
6.3.2 Horizontal sill-to-sill gap X O X
The horizontal gap between the sill of the LCU and that of
the landings shall be limited.
6.3.3 Alignment of the LCU and the landing X O O O
When users enter or exit the LCU, its platform and the land-
ing floor shall be substantially aligned.

22  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


Table A.1 (continued)

Lift subsystem
GESR
Global essential safety requirement in Clause 6 (see A.2 for symbols)
No.
B C E G H L M Sf Sp W
6.3.4 Self-evacuation from the LCU X O O X O
Self-evacuation of users shall be possible only when the LCU
is at or near a landing.
6.3.5 Gap between the landing doors and the LCU doors X X
The gap between the landing doors and the LCU doors shall
not allow the presence of users.
6.3.6 Means to reopen doors when the LCU is at the landing X O O X
Means shall be provided to reopen the LCU and the landing
doors, if their closing is obstructed when the LCU is at the
landing.
6.4 GESRs related to persons in the LCU
6.4.1 Size and strength O X O
The LCU shall accommodate and support the rated load and
foreseeable overload.
6.4.2 LCU support/suspension O X O O X
Means shall be provided to support the fully loaded LCU and
reasonably foreseeable overload.
6.4.3 Overloaded LCU X X O O
Means shall be provided to prevent an overloaded LCU from
attempting to move away from a landing.
6.4.4 Falling from the LCU X
Means shall be provided to prevent users from falling from
the LCU.
6.4.5 LCU travel path limits X X O O X O
The vertical travel of the LCU shall be limited to prevent the
LCU from uncontrolled running beyond the travel path.
6.4.6 Uncontrolled movement of the LCU X O O X X
Means shall be provided to limit uncontrolled movement of
the LCU.
6.4.7 LCU collision with objects in or beyond the travel path O O O X X O
Means shall be provided to avoid collision of the LCU with
any equipment in the travel path that could cause injuries to
users.
6.4.8 LCU horizontal or rotational motion O O X O X O
Horizontal or rotational motion of the LCU shall be limited
to sufficiently mitigate the risk of injury to users and
authorized persons.
6.4.9 Change of speed or acceleration X O X
Means shall be provided to ensure that any change of speed
or acceleration of the LCU shall be limited to minimize the
risk of injury to the users.
6.4.10 Objects falling on LCU O O X —
LCU users shall be protected from falling objects.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  23

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


Table A.1 (continued)

Lift subsystem
GESR
Global essential safety requirement in Clause 6 (see A.2 for symbols)
No.
B C E G H L M Sf Sp W
6.4.11 LCU ventilation O O X
Adequate ventilation shall be provided to the LCU.
6.4.12 Fire/smoke in the LCU X
The interior of the LCU shall be constructed of materials
that are fire-resistant and that develop low level of smoke.
6.4.13 LCU in flooded areas O X O O
Where there is a risk that the LCU could descend into a
flooded area, means shall be provided to detect and prevent
descent into a flooded area.
6.4.14 Stopping means inside the LCU X X O
Means, located inside the LCU, of intentionally interrupting
the movement of the LCU by the user shall only be allowed,
if necessary, on lifts with a partially enclosed LCU or lifts for
special applications.
6.4.15 Landing and controls indication X X X
Means shall be provided to identify landings and controls
for the users in the LCU.
6.5 GESRs related to persons at working areas
6.5.1 Working area(s) or space(s) O O X
Adequate and safe working area(s) or space(s) shall be
provided.
6.5.2 Accessible equipment O O O O O O O O X
All lift equipment requiring maintenance or repair shall be
safely accessible to authorized persons.
6.5.3 Access to and egress from working spaces in the well O O O O O X
(hoistway)
Access to and egress from working spaces in the well (hoist-
way) shall be safe.
6.5.4 Strength of working area(s) O O O X
Means shall be provided to accommodate and support the
mass of authorized person(s) and associated equipment in
any designated working area(s).
6.5.5 Restrictions on equipment in lift spaces O O O X
Only equipment related to the lift installation or its protec-
tion shall be placed in the space containing the lift equip-
ment.
6.5.6 Falling from working areas O O O X
Means shall be provided to sufficiently mitigate the risk to
authorized persons of falling from any working area.

24  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


Table A.1 (continued)

Lift subsystem
GESR
Global essential safety requirement in Clause 6 (see A.2 for symbols)
No.
B C E G H L M Sf Sp W
6.5.7 LCU movement under control of an authorized person X O O O X
Only authorized persons shall be provided with means to
prevent or to enable the movement of the LCU when they
are in the travel path. When an authorized person is within
reach of unprotected moving parts of the lift, that person
shall be able to prevent or activate movement of the lift
equipment.
6.5.8 Uncontrolled or unintended equipment movement X O O O X
inside the well (hoistway)
Means shall be provided to protect authorized persons
against effects related to uncontrolled or unintended move-
ment of equipment inside the well (hoistway). Any accelera-
tion or deceleration to which an authorized person is sub-
jected as a result of uncontrolled or unintended movement
shall be limited to sufficiently mitigate the risk of harm.
6.5.9 Means of protection from various hazards O O O O O O O O O X
Means shall be provided to adequately protect an author-
ized person, in working spaces, from the effects of shearing,
crushing, abrasion, laceration, high temperature, entrap-
ment, etc.
6.5.10 Falling objects in well (hoistway) O O O X
While in the well (hoistway), authorized persons shall be
adequately protected from falling objects.
6.5.11 Electric shock in working spaces X O O O O O X
Equipment shall be designed and installed to minimize
harm to authorized persons due to the effects of electricity.
6.5.12 Illumination of working spaces O O O O O X
All working spaces and access thereto shall be provided
with adequate illumination for the use of authorized per-
sons.

A.2 References and symbols in Table A.1

A.2.1 Symbols in the table heading identifying lift subsystems
B – building, including its structure, well (hoistway), machinery space, and building equipment not
provided by lift contractor
C – control subsystem, including electrical equipment and wiring, except “Sf” (safety devices)
E – landing and LCU entrances
G – guiding of the LCU and counterweight system
H – well (hoistway), including interior and surrounding guards or enclosures
L – load-carrying unit (LCU), including its top, if applicable
M – machine, including breaking system
Sf – safety devices

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  25

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


Sp – suspension of LCU system

W – working area or space

A.2.2 Symbols in the table columns

X – a GESR that is primarily applicable to the lift subsystem(s) identified in the heading
O – a GESR that can be applicable to the lift subsystem(s) identified in the heading
— – the GESR for an equivalent hazard is given in 6.5

26  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


Annex B
(normative)

Requirements relevant to the EU market

B.1 Only in the areas subject to EU legislation, any lift placed on that market shall comply with the
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC.
B.2 Annex C compares the requirements of, and identifies the differences between, the GESRs of
this part of ISO 22559 and the EHSRs of the Lifts Directive and the relevant EHSRs of the Machinery
Directive 2006/42/EC.
B.3 Other considerations, such as conformity assessment procedures, market surveillance, etc. are
beyond the scope of this part of ISO 22559.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  27

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


Annex C
(informative)

Comparison of GESRs with EHSRs of LD and MD

C.1 General
C.1.1 The objective of this annex is to compare the requirements of, and identify the differ-
ences between:
a) EHSRs of the Lifts Directive (95/16/EC) (LD) as well as applicable EHSRs of the Machinery Directive
(2006/42/EC) (MD); and
b) GESRs of this part of ISO 22559.

C.1.2 This annex does not provide a legal interpretation of the EHSRs of the LD or the EHSRs
of the MD. There are differences in the formulation of the GESRs and EHSRs, so there may not
be a one-to-one correlation between specific EHSRs and GESRs. However, meeting all of the rel-
evant EHSRs or all of the relevant GESRs, will appropriately address safety issues on a product.

C.1.3 It should be noted that the GESRs of this part of ISO 22559 are written in performance
language while some of the EHSRs of the LD and MD are more prescriptive in nature. Where
such differences occur references are made to these specific EHSRs.

C.1.4 This annex applies the “Guidance on the Implications on the ISO Global Relevance policy
for CEN standardization” with the intention to support the European new approach directives
applicable to lifts. Route B2 as specified in this guidance document is being used.

C.1.5 The basic hazards associated with lifts are similar for typical lift installations around the
world. Therefore, safety objectives to be achieved by the designers and installers can be formu-
lated in a commonly acceptable form.

C.1.6 This part of ISO 22559 is a collection of GESRs that should be considered in assessing
and reducing risk for any new lift regardless of the geographical location of the installation.

C.1.7 The LD specifies the safety objectives for lifts placed on the market of the EU. The direc-
tive formulates the relevant EHSRs and also the conformity assessment procedures included in
the LD to be followed to demonstrate conformity to those EHSRs (as listed in Annex I of the LD
as well as those of the MD also applicable to lifts). Specific installations may require addressing
EHSRs of other applicable Directives.

C.1.8 The comparison in this annex is applicable to lifts, for example with speed > 0,15 m/s,
see the scope of the LD for details. Any other lifting appliances need only comply with the MD
requirements.

C.2 A Comparison of ISO 22559‑1 GESRs and the Lifts Directive EHSRs
Table C.1 is the result of a detailed comparison of EHSRs of the LD and MD and the GESRs of this part
of ISO 22559, which highlights and clarifies the differences and demonstrates equivalence of the safety
objectives.

28  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


To assist the reader, a cross reference of GESRs and EHSRs is provided in Table C.4.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  29

 
Table C.1 — Comparison of the Essential Health and Safety Requirements of European Lifts Directive 95/16/EC, and Global Essential Safety

30
Requirements of ISO 22559‑1:2014
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
Clause Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

GESR Restrictions on equipment in lift spaces

6.5.5
Article 2 Member States shall take all necessary measures Equivalent to LD requirements.
Clause 3 to ensure that shafts intended for lifts do not
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

contain any piping or wiring or fittings other than Only equipment related to the lift installation or its protec-
tion shall be placed in the space containing the lift equip-
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

that necessary for the operation and safety of the

ment.

Clause
lift.

PR. 1 5.2.4.1
ANNEX I Obligations under essential health and safety GESRs are not “protective measures” in terms of ISO 14798. The GESRs specify safety objectives to be met and
requirements apply only where the lift or safety A GESR states only the safety objective; it does not specify therefore particular components are not specified
component is subject to the hazard in question how to achieve the objective. Therefore, when designing a in ISO 22559‑1. The GESRs are applicable to both the
when used as intended by the installer of the lift lift, appropriate components and functions shall be selected systems and the components involved with safety. Since
or the manufacturer of the safety components. in terms of parameters such as size, dimensions, strength, ISO 22559‑1 is a standard not a directive, it does not spec-
force, energy, material, acceleration, reliability of perfor- ify responsibilities to any specific party (e.g. installers).
mance of safety-related parts, etc., as applicable, and their Responsibilities and obligations are defined and allocated
ability to eliminate or sufficiently mitigate risks to achieve within the national regulations (e.g. Lifts directive).
compliance with the objective specified in the GESR shall be
established.
NOTE: For more details on safety parameters in relation to
GESRs see ISO/TS 22559—2.


PR. 2
ANNEX I The essential health and safety requirements con- Clause 5.1.4 The GESRs contained in this part of ISO 22559 shall be fol-
tained in the Directive are imperatives. However, lowed wherever possible. However, given the present state of
given the present state of the art, the objectives, the art, the objectives that the GESRs specify are sometimes
which they lay down may not be attainable. In unattainable. In such cases, the lift or its components shall be
such cases, and to the greatest extent possible, designed and built in such a way as to approximate to those
the lift or safety components must be designed objectives to the greatest possible extent.
and built in such a way as to approximate to those

Clause
objectives.

PR. 3 5.2.4.1
ANNEX I The safety-component manufacturer and the GESRs are not “protective measures” in terms of ISO 14798. See comments to Annex I/PR. 1
installer of the lift are under an obligation to A GESR states only the safety objective; it does not specify
assess the hazards in order to identify all those how to achieve the objective. Therefore, when designing a
which apply to their products; they must then lift, appropriate components and functions shall be selected
design and construct them taking account of the in terms of parameters such as size, dimensions, strength,
assessment. force, energy, material, acceleration, reliability of perfor-
mance of safety-related parts, etc., as applicable, and their
ability to eliminate or sufficiently mitigate risks to achieve
compliance with the objective specified in the GESR shall be
established.
NOTE: For more details on safety parameters in relation to

Clause 5
GESRs see ISO/TS 22559—2.

PR. 4
ANNEX I In accordance with Article 14, the essential Understanding and implementing GESRs Preliminary remarks of LD are addressed by Clause 5 of
requirements laid down in Directive 89/106/EEC, ISO 22559‑1. However, the essential requirements laid
not included in this Directive, apply to lifts. down in Directive 89/106/EEC, not included in the Lifts
Directive, apply to lifts.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.1 (continued)
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
Clause Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

ANNEX I Application of Directive 89/392/EEC, as Clause

amended by Directives 91/368/EEC, 93/44/
1.1. 5.2.2.2
When designing a lift or its component, a review of the While the wording is not identical, the intent of the

EEC and 93/68/EEC.

(partial)
intended use, foreseeable misuse (see 4.5.5.4 of ISO 14798) requirements is the same: all relevant applicable hazards
and the design shall be made, in which all possible risk should be considered. Even if ISO 22559‑1 does not specifi-
scenarios are formulated, and risk assessment is performed, cally cover some aspects (e.g. all needs of people with
Where the relevant hazard exists and is not dealt in order to find out which, if any, GESRs are applicable to the disabilities) for a specific product, specific hazards linked
with in this Annex, the essential health and safety design. All risk scenarios that could occur during operation to them are relevant they must be addressed using an

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

requirements of Annex I to Directive 89/392/EEC and use shall be considered, as well as during the mainte- appropriate Risk Assessment.
apply. The essential requirement of Section 1.1.2 nance or inspection of the lift.
of Annex I to Directive 89/392/EEC must apply in

ANNEX I Car GESR Size and strength

any event.

1.2 6.4.1
Equivalent to LD requirements
The car must be designed and constructed to offer The LCU shall accommodate and support the rated load and
the space and strength corresponding to the maxi- foreseeable overload.
mum number of persons and the rated load of the
lift set by the installer. NOTE: This GESR primarily addresses the transportation
of people. “Accommodate” in this context means to provide
space (volume) for the intended number of users, consider-
ing the dimensions and weight of persons. The foreseeable
overload, in terms of users means:


— load normally carried by users (e.g. briefcase, luggage, but
without tools such as trolleys),
—-coincidence of users taller or heavier than average, and

Not
— more users than the LCU is designed for.

addressed
In the case of lifts intended for the transport of The scope of ISO 22559‑1 (see Clause 1 a) covers access to,
persons, and where its dimensions permit, the but not the use of, lifts by persons with disabilities, due to

For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified

car must be designed and constructed in such a different requirements around the world.

shall be complied with.

way that its structural features do not obstruct or
impede access and use by disabled persons and so
as to allow any appropriate adjustments intended

ANNEX I Means of suspension and means of support GESR Supports for lift equipment
to facilitate its use by them.

1.3 6.1.1
Equivalent to LD requirements.
The means of suspension and/or support of The means used to support and secure the lift equipment
the car, its attachments and any terminal parts shall be capable of sustaining all loads and forces (includ-
thereof must be selected and designed so as to ing impact forces) imposed during normal and emergency
ensure an adequate level of overall safety and to operation.
minimize the risk of the car falling, taking into
account the conditions of use, the materials used NOTE: The forces referred to in 6.1.1 are those that result
and the conditions of manufacture. from the intended use, and reasonably foreseeable overload,
of the lift during normal operation (loading, unloading, accel-
eration, braking, etc.) and emergency operation (safety gear
operation, buffer impact, etc.).
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

31

 
Table C.1 (continued)

32
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
Clause Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

GESR Size and strength

6.4.1
Equivalent to LD requirements.
The LCU shall accommodate and support the rated load and

GESR LCU support/suspension

foreseeable overload.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

6.4.2
Equivalent to LD requirements.
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

Means shall be provided to support the fully loaded LCU and

reasonably foreseeable overload.
NOTE: This addresses the strength and failure of the suspen-
sion means when the LCU is loaded with its rated load. It
is, however, understood that the integrity of the lift would
be maintained if the foreseeable overload condition were
reached. The rated performances, however, can be affected if
the rated load is exceeded.
Where ropes or chains are used to suspend the GESRs 6.1.1, 6.4.1, and 6.4.2 have been written in perfor-

For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified

car, there must be at least two independent cables mance language

shall be complied with.

or chains, each with its own anchorage system.
Such ropes and chains must have no joins or


splices except where necessary for fixing or form-

GESR Overloaded LCU

ing a loop.

1.4.1. 6.4.3
ANNEX I Lifts must be so designed, constructed and Equivalent to LD requirements.
installed as to prevent normal starting if the rated
load is exceeded. Means shall be provided to prevent an overloaded LCU from
attempting to move away from a landing.
NOTE: In this context “to prevent from attempting to move
away from a landing” means that the drive system of hoisting
machine will not be activated. When the overload condition
is detected, no command will be processed. This does not
cover ropes stretch, loss of traction, etc. It is, however, under-
stood that the integrity of the lift would be maintained if the

GESR Uncontrolled movement of the LCU

foreseeable overload condition were reached.

1.4.2. 6.4.6
ANNEX I Lifts must be equipped with an overspeed gover- GESRs 6.4.6, has been written in performance language.
nor. The LD requires an overspeed governor.
Means shall be provided to limit uncontrolled movement of
These requirements do not apply to lifts in which the LCU.
the design of the drive system prevents over-
speed. NOTE: This GESR aims to protect against the effects resulting
from the movement of LCU at a speed exceeding the designed
speed and also to prevent effects resulting from unexpected
starts of LCU movement. Examples of such occurrences
are: travel of the LCU towards terminal landings at speed
exceeding its rated speed, or movement of the LCU away from
a landing when doors are open and users are entering or
exiting. An example of the foreseeable failures that can cause
such occurrences is the breakdown in lift components such

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

as speed control, or drive or braking system.
 Table C.1 (continued)
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
Clause Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

GESR Uncontrolled movement of the LCU

1.4.3. 6.4.6
ANNEX I Fast lifts must be equipped with a speed-monitor- Equivalent to LD requirements.
ing and speed-limiting device.
Means shall be provided to limit uncontrolled movement of
the LCU.
NOTE: This GESR aims to protect against the effects resulting
from the movement of LCU at a speed exceeding the designed

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

speed and also to prevent effects resulting from unexpected
starts of LCU movement. Examples of such occurrences
are: travel of the LCU towards terminal landings at speed
exceeding its rated speed, or movement of the LCU away from
a landing when doors are open and users are entering or
exiting. An example of the foreseeable failures that can cause
such occurrences is the breakdown in lift components such

GESR Change of speed or acceleration

as speed control, or drive or braking system.

6.4.9
Equivalent to LD requirements.
Means shall be provided to ensure that any change of speed
or acceleration of the LCU shall be limited to minimize the
risk of injury to the users.


NOTE: This covers changes of speed and acceleration of
the LCU for both normal and emergency operations. In the
case of an extreme emergency operation (such as stopping a
free-falling LCU), the possibility of minor injuries could be
tolerated, due to the extremely remote probability of such an
occurrence.

1.4.4. For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified

ANNEX I Lifts driven by friction pulleys must be designed LD requirements not addressed in ISO 22559‑1.

shall be complied with.

so as to ensure stability of the traction cables on
the pulley.

Not
addressed
1.5.1. For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified
ANNEX I All passenger lifts must have their own individual LD requirements not addressed in ISO 22559‑1.

shall be complied with.

lift machinery. This requirement does not apply to
lifts in which the counterweights are replaced by

GESR Equipment inaccessible to users and non-users

a second car.

1.5.2. 6.1.3
ANNEX I The installer of the lift must ensure that the lift Equivalent to LD requirements.
machinery and the associated devices of a lift
are not accessible except for maintenance and in Equipment that is hazardous shall not be directly accessible
emergencies. to users and non-users.
NOTE: Locations that are not accessible include the location
behind the enclosure, a locked cover or door, or out-of-reach
locations.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

33

 
Table C.1 (continued)

34
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
Clause Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

Not
Addressed
1.6.1.
ANNEX I The controls of lifts intended for use by unaccom- The scope of ISO 22559‑1 (see Clause 1 a) covers access to,
panied disabled persons must be designed and but not the use of, lifts by persons with disabilities, due to

For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified

located accordingly. different requirements around the world.

shall be complied with.

BS ISO 22559-1:2014

GESR Landing and controls indication

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

1.6.2. 6.4.15
ANNEX I The function of the controls must be clearly Equivalent to LD requirements.
indicated.
Means shall be provided to identify landings and controls for
the users in the LCU.
NOTE: Ignorance of the controls or one’s location can create
confusion and unpredictable reactions. In normal conditions,
this is probably not a safety issue but it can be significant in

Not
emergency situations (fire fighting, etc.).

Addressed
1.6.3.
ANNEX I The call circuits of a group of lifts may be shared ISO 22559‑1 does not impose any restrictions or different
or interconnected. requirement for sharing the call circuits of a group of lifts
or their interconnection. Therefore, a design based on

Not
ISO 22559‑1 will fulfil this LD requirement.

Addressed


1.6.4. For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified
ANNEX I Electrical equipment must be so installed and LD requirements not addressed in ISO 22559‑1.

shall be complied with.

connected that:
- there can be no possible confusion with circuits
which do not have any direct connection with the
lift,
- the power supply can be switched while on load,
- movements of the lift are dependent on electri-
cal safety devices in a separate electrical safety
circuit,
- a fault in the electrical installation does not give

GESR Equipment inaccessible to users and non-users

rise to a dangerous situation.

2.1. 6.1.3
ANNEX I The lift must be designed and constructed to Equivalent to LD requirements.
ensure that the space in which the car travels is
inaccessible except for maintenance or in emer- Equipment that is hazardous shall not be directly accessible
gencies. Before a person enters that space, normal to users and non-users.
use of the lift must be made impossible. NOTE: Locations that are not accessible include the location
behind the enclosure, a locked cover or door, or out-of-reach
locations.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.1 (continued)
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
Clause Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

GESR Accessible equipment

6.5.2 All lift equipment requiring maintenance or repair shall be
safely accessible to authorized persons.
NOTE: If the lift elements requiring maintenance or repair
are not accessible, they can be neglected, which would render

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

the use of the lift unsafe. The elements of the lift should be
designed taking this into account. “Safely” indicates safe and

GESR Means of protection from various hazards

easy access for maintenance and repair operations.

2.2. 6.5.9 For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified

ANNEX I The lift must be designed and constructed to LD has specific requirements.

shall be complied with.

prevent the risk of crushing when the car is in one
of its extreme positions. Means shall be provided to adequately protect an author-
ized person, in working spaces, from the effects of shearing,
crushing, abrasion, laceration, high temperature, entrap-
ment, etc.
NOTE: List of hazards is not all inclusive. Specific hazards
need to be considered according to the circumstances. See

GESR Working area(s) and space(s)

also 6.1.4


6.5.1 For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified
LD has specific requirements.

shall be complied with.

Adequate and safe working area(s) or space(s) shall be
provided.
NOTE: “Adequate” takes into account the ergonomic princi-
ples related to the tasks to be performed.

For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified

The objective will be achieved by means of free The GESR 6.5.9 has been written in performance language.

shall be complied with.

space or refuge beyond the extreme positions.

However, in specific cases, in affording Member The “prior approval” procedures of the Member States
States the possibility of giving prior approval, par- have to be followed, where required by the Member State.
ticularly in existing buildings, where this solution
is impossible to fulfil, other appropriate means
may be provided to avoid this risk.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

35

 
Table C.1 (continued)

36
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
Clause Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

GESR Hazards due to relative movement

2.3. 6.1.5
ANNEX I The landings at the entrance and exit of the car Equivalent to LD requirements.
must be equipped with landing doors of adequate
mechanical resistance for the conditions of use Users and non-users shall be protected from the effects of
shearing, crushing or abrasion, or other injuries due to
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

envisaged.
a) the relative movement of the LCU and external objects, and
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

An interlocking device must prevent during nor-

mal operation: b) the relative movement of the lift equipment.
- starting movement of the car, whether or not NOTE 1: For authorized persons, see 6.5.9.
deliberately activated, unless all landing doors are
shut and locked, NOTE 2: This GESR addresses the safety of persons located
inside and outside the LCU.
- the opening of a landing door when the car is still
moving and outside a prescribed landing zone.
However, all landing movements with the doors
open shall be allowed in specified zones on condi-

GESR Locking landing doors and closing LCU doors

tion that the levelling speed is controlled.

6.1.6
Equivalent to LD requirements.
Any movement of the LCU that is hazardous to persons shall


be stopped if any well (hoistway) door is open or unlocked or
the LCU door is not closed.
NOTE 1: Well (hoistway) doors include lift landing doors, as
well as auxiliary well (hoistway) doors or covers intended for
use by authorized persons only (e.g. evacuation doors).
NOTE 2: Levelling and re-levelling (as well as docking or
trucking operations) are not considered to be hazardous
movements.

GESR Falling into the well (hoistway)

NOTE 3: See also GESR 6.4.9.

6.2.1
Equivalent to LD requirements.
Means shall be provided to sufficiently mitigate the risk to
users, non-users, and authorized persons of falling into the
well (hoistway).
NOTE: This GESR addresses the risk of falling into the well
(hoistway)
— from surrounding floors, and
— from landing doors when the LCU is absent.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.1 (continued)
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
Clause Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

GESR Hazards due to relative movement

3.1. 6.1.5
ANNEX I Lift cars must be completely enclosed by full- GESRs 6.1.5, 6.1.6, and 6.4.4 have been written in perfor-
length walls, fitted floors and ceilings included, mance language with the intention that a platform lift
with the exception of ventilation apertures, and Users and non-users shall be protected from the effects of does not meet the requirements. The LD requires a fully
with full-length doors. These doors must be so shearing, crushing or abrasion, or other injuries due to enclosed car.

shall be complied with.

designed and installed that the car cannot move, a) the relative movement of the LCU and external objects, and For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified
except for the landing movements referred to in

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

the third subparagraph of Section 2.3, unless the b) the relative movement of the lift equipment.
doors are closed, and comes to a halt if the doors
are opened. NOTE 1: For authorized persons, see 6.5.9.

The doors of the car must remain closed and NOTE 2: This GESR addresses the safety of persons located
interlocked if the lift stops between two levels inside and outside the LCU.
where there is a risk of a fall between the car and

GESR Locking landing doors and closing LCU doors

the shaft or if there is no shaft.

6.1.6
GESRs 6.1.5, 6.1.6, and 6.4.4 have been written in perfor-
mance language with the intention that a platform lift
Any movement of the LCU that is hazardous to persons shall does not meet the requirements. The LD requires a fully

For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified

be stopped if any well (hoistway) door is open or unlocked or enclosed car.
the LCU door is not closed.


NOTE 1: Well (hoistway) doors include lift landing doors, as shall be complied with.
well as auxiliary well (hoistway) doors or covers intended for
use by authorized persons only (e.g. evacuation doors).
NOTE 2: Levelling and re-levelling (as well as docking or
trucking operations) are not considered to be hazardous
movements.

GESR Falling from the LCU

NOTE 3: See also GESR 6.4.9.

6.4.4
GESRs 6.1.5, 6.1.6, and 6.4.4 have been written in perfor-
mance language with the intention that a platform lift
Means shall be provided to prevent users from falling from does not meet the requirements. The LD requires a fully
the LCU.

For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified

enclosed car.

shall be complied with.

NOTE: The requirement could be achieved by guards, bar-
riers or walls around the perimeter of the LCU platform.
Protection at any opening between the LCU and the well
walls that a user could pass through is also required by this
GESR, typically the gap between the edges of the LCU and the
landing door panels.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

37

 
Table C.1 (continued)

38
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
Clause Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

GESR Uncontrolled movement of the LCU

3.2. 6.4.6
ANNEX I In the event of a power cut or failure of compo- LD refers only to “upward” uncontrolled movement while

For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified

nents the lift must have devices to prevent free fall GESRs deal with both directions.
Means shall be provided to limit uncontrolled movement of

shall be complied with.

or uncontrolled upward movements of the car.
the LCU.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

The device preventing the free fall of the car must

NOTE: This GESR aims to protect against the effects resulting
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

be independent of the means of suspension of the

car. from the movement of LCU at a speed exceeding the designed
speed and also to prevent effects resulting from unexpected
starts of LCU movement. Examples of such occurrences
are: travel of the LCU towards terminal landings at speed
exceeding its rated speed, or movement of the LCU away from
a landing when doors are open and users are entering or
exiting. An example of the foreseeable failures that can cause
such occurrences is the breakdown in lift components such

GESR Change of speed or acceleration

as speed control, or drive or braking system.

6.4.9
This device must be able to stop the car at its rated
load and at the maximum speed anticipated by the
installer of the lift. Any stop occasioned by this Means shall be provided to ensure that any change of speed
device must not cause deceleration harmful to the or acceleration of the LCU shall be limited to minimize the
occupants whatever the load conditions. risk of injury to the users.


NOTE: This covers changes of speed and acceleration of
the LCU for both normal and emergency operations. In the
case of an extreme emergency operation (such as stopping a
free-falling LCU), the possibility of minor injuries could be
tolerated, due to the extremely remote probability of such an

GESR LCU travel path limits

occurrence.

3.3. 6.4.5
ANNEX I Buffers must be installed between the bottom of The LD requires a device to soften the stopping of the car
the shaft and the floor of the car. at the end of the travel path. A buffer is not prescriptively
The vertical travel of the LCU shall be limited to prevent the required in ISO 22559‑1. The GESR requirement prevents
In this case, the free space referred to in Section LCU from uncontrolled running beyond the travel path. the LCU’s travel from exceeding the normal travel path,
2.2 must be measured with the buffers totally
compressed. NOTE: Means should be provided for safe stopping of the LCU which is not completely reflected in LD.
at the end of the travel path. Safe stopping involves no dam- The note of GESR 6.4.5: “Means should be provided for safe
This requirement does not apply to lifts in which age to the equipment and no harm to passengers in the LCU. stopping of the LCU at the end of the travel path. Safe stop-

passengers in the LCU. The “end of travel path” includes a

the car cannot enter the free space referred to in The “end of travel path” includes a certain overrun from the ping involves no damage to the equipment and no harm to

certain overrun from the position of normal terminal land-

Section 2.2 by reason of the design of the drive position of normal terminal landings.
system.
ings” must be taken into consideration.

3.4.
ANNEX I Lifts must be so designed and constructed as to Not addressed in this Standard, since the lift should be
make it impossible for them to be set in motion if prevented from starting if any safety device is not in oper-
the device provided for in Section 3.2 is not in an ating condition.
operational position.
Lifts may only be set in motion if all safety devices are in
operating condition and not only the devices mentioned in
3.2. Therefore the requirement of 3.4 was not considered
in formulation of GESR.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.1 (continued)
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
Clause Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

GESR Access and egress

4.1. 6.3.1
ANNEX I The landing doors and car doors or the two doors Equivalent to LD requirements.
together, where motorised, must be fitted with a
device to prevent the risk of crushing when they Safe means of access and egress shall be provided to the LCU
are moving. at landings.
NOTE: This is applicable to the process of entering and leav-
ing the LCU during normal use of the lift. It suggests that

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

adequate spaces, dimensions, instructions and correct rela-

GESR Means to reopen doors when the LCU is at the landing

tive positioning of the LCU at the landing should be provided.

6.3.6
Equivalent to LD requirements.
Means shall be provided to reopen the LCU and the landing
doors, if their closing is obstructed when the LCU is at the
landing.
NOTE: Obstacles interfering with the door movement should
be detected. The movement of the doors and the LCU should
be prevented until the obstacle is removed. Examples of

Not
obstacles are parts of user’s body, trolleys, wheelchairs, etc.

4.2.
ANNEX I Landing doors, where they have to contribute to ISO 22559‑1(Clause 1 b) 4)) does not address fire issue


For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified
the protection of the building against fire, includ- Addressed outside the LCU (lift car).

shall be complied with.

ing those with glass parts, must be suitably resist-
ant to fire in terms of their integrity and their
properties with regard to insulation (containment
of flames) and the transmission of heat (thermal

GESR Hazards due to relative movement

radiation).

4.3. 6.1.5
ANNEX I Counterweights must be so installed as to avoid Equivalent to LD requirements.
any risk of colliding with or falling on to the car.
Users and non-users shall be protected from the effects of
shearing, crushing or abrasion, or other injuries due to
a) the relative movement of the LCU and external objects, and
b) the relative movement of the lift equipment.
NOTE 1: For authorized persons, see 6.5.9.
NOTE 2: This GESR addresses the safety of persons located
inside and outside the LCU.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

39

 
Table C.1 (continued)

40
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
Clause Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

GESR LCU collision with objects in or beyond the travel path

6.4.7
Equivalent to LD requirements.
Means shall be provided to avoid collision of the LCU with
any equipment in the travel path that could cause injuries to
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

users.
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

NOTE: Means should be provided to prevent the LCU from

colliding with any equipment in the well (hoistway). There
should be LCU guards or enclosures of adequate strength to
avoid dangerous deflection due to horizontal forces. Deflec-
tion and deformation of the guards or enclosure should be
limited so that they do not create hazardous situation. This
GESR also addresses cases where the LCU or counterweight
reaches the structural terminals of the well (hoistway).

GESR Evacuation
Eventual impact should be buffered so that it is not harmful.

4.4. 6.1.7
ANNEX I Lifts must be equipped with means enabling Equivalent to LD requirements.
people trapped in the car to be released and
evacuated. Means and procedures shall be provided to enable trapped
users or authorized personnel to be safely released and
evacuated.


NOTE: The lift system should have means that would permit
the movement of the LCU, under control of an authorized per-
son, to the point of an evacuation opening. Alternative means
(e.g. two-way communication means) that do not require
movement of the LCU are not excluded. Extreme cases of LCU
blockage (due to safety gear setting, material damaged due to
earthquakes, etc.) can require external means, appropriate

GESR Evacuation
instructions and tooling.

4.5. 6.1.7
ANNEX I Cars must be fitted with two-way means of com- Clause 6.1.7 of ISO 22559‑1 is too generic to be understood

For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified

munication allowing permanent contact with a as addressing the same EHSR as the LD.
Means and procedures shall be provided to enable trapped

shall be complied with.

rescue service.
users or authorized personnel to be safely released and
evacuated.
NOTE: The lift system should have means that would permit
the movement of the LCU, under control of an authorized per-
son, to the point of an evacuation opening. Alternative means
(e.g. two-way communication means) that do not require
movement of the LCU are not excluded. Extreme cases of LCU
blockage (due to safety gear setting, material damaged due to
earthquakes, etc.) can require external means, appropriate
instructions and tooling.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.1 (continued)
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
Clause Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

GESR Environmental influences

4.6. 6.1.14
ANNEX I Lifts must be so designed and constructed that, GESR 6.1.14 has been written in performance language.
in the event of the temperature in the lift machine Partially equivalent to LD requirements. While the GESR
exceeding the maximum set by the installer of the Users and authorized persons shall be protected from envi- is concerned with environmental influences, the EHSR
lift, they can complete movements in progress but ronmental influences. describes the behaviour of the lift in the case of overheat-
refuse new commands. NOTE: Environmental influences include the foreseeable ing of the machine.
weather and operating conditions of the area where the lift is

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

installed. Users and authorized persons should be protected
against direct exposure to the influences (e.g. by heating or
cooling the LCU or working space). In addition, there should
be adequate protection of safety-related lift elements that
are susceptible to weather and operating conditions (e.g.

GESR LCU ventilation

temperature limitations in the machinery space).

4.7. 6.4.11 Appropriate ventilation to the car must always be

ANNEX I Cars must be designed and constructed to ensure Equivalent to LD requirements.

provided.
sufficient ventilation for passengers, even in the
event of a prolonged stoppage. Adequate ventilation shall be provided to the LCU.
NOTE: The intent of this GESR is to provide trapped pas-
sengers with sufficient air renewal. It is accepted that normal
operation does not require particular measures due to the air


exchange from door movement and the fact that journeys are

GESR Illumination of the LCU and the landings

relatively short.

4.8. 6.1.11
ANNEX I The car should be adequately lit whenever in use Equivalent to LD requirements.
or whenever a door is opened; there must also be
emergency lighting. The LCU and the landings shall be provided with adequate
illumination during use.
NOTE: Adequate illumination means that the light intensity
is sufficient for safe access and operation of the lift control
devices, including
— detecting levelling inaccuracy,
— operating landing and LCU controls, and

Not
— minimizing panic by users in the case of power outage.

Addressed
4.9.
ANNEX I The means of communication referred to in Sec- For means of communication See EHSR 4.5
tion 4.5 and the emergency lighting referred to
in Section 4.8 must be designed and constructed
so as to function even without the normal power
supply. Their period of operation should be long
enough to allow normal operation of the rescue
procedure.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

41

 
Table C.1 (continued)

42
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
Clause Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

GESR Illumination of the LCU and the landings

6.1.11
Equivalent to LD Requirement for emergency lighting
(4.8).
The LCU and the landings shall be provided with adequate
illumination during use.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

NOTE: Adequate illumination means that the light intensity

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

is sufficient for safe access and operation of the lift control

devices, including
— detecting levelling inaccuracy,
— operating landing and LCU controls, and

Not
minimizing panic by users in the case of power outage.

Addressed
4.10.
ANNEX I The control circuits of lifts which may be used in The scope of ISO 22559‑1excludes fire fighting lifts and
the event of fire must be designed and manufac- fire operation (see Clause 1.3 b) 4))
tured so that lifts may be prevented from stopping
at certain levels and allow for priority control of
the lift by rescue teams.

For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified

ANNEX I In addition to the minimum particulars required Not explicitly addressed by ISO 22559‑1.


shall be complied with.
for any machine pursuant to Section 1.7.3 of
5.1. Annex I to Directive 89/392/EEC, each car must
bear an easily visible plate clearly showing the
rated load in kilograms and the maximum number

GESR Evacuation
of passengers which may be carried.

6.1.7
ANNEX I If the lift is designed to allow people trapped Equivalent to LD requirements.
in the car to escape without outside help, the
5.2. relevant instructions must be clear and visible in Means and procedures shall be provided to enable trapped
the car. users or authorized personnel to be safely released and
evacuated.
NOTE: The lift system should have means that would permit
the movement of the LCU, under control of an authorized per-
son, to the point of an evacuation opening. Alternative means
(e.g. two-way communication means) that do not require
movement of the LCU are not excluded. Extreme cases of LCU
blockage (due to safety gear setting, material damaged due to
earthquakes, etc.) can require external means, appropriate

GESR Self-evacuation from the LCU

instructions and tooling.

6.3.4
Equivalent to LD requirements.
Self-evacuation of users shall be possible only when the LCU
is at or near a landing.
NOTE: “At a landing” means that: the LCU is not too far away
from the landing and that the risk of tripping or falling is
marginal. “Near a landing” means that: the gaps between the
LCU and landing enables users to pass through and not to fall

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

into the travel path.
 Table C.1 (continued)
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
Clause Lifts Directive 95/16/EC Formulation
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

GESR Lift maintenance and repair instructions

6.1.2
ANNEX I The safety components referred to in Annex IV In addition to GESR 6.1.2, that refers to complete lift and
must be accompanied by an instruction manual more generic, LD also requires instructions for safety
6.1. drawn up in an official language of the Member Where maintenance or repair is required to ensure con- components for:
State of the lift installer or another Community tinued safety, appropriate instructions shall be provided
language acceptable to him, so that: emphasizing that suitably trained personnel perform any - assembly,
required work.
- connection,

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

- assembly,
NOTE: This applies to the lifts and lift components and func-

For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified

- connection, tions that are subject to wear and tear, not to those designed - adjustment

shall be complied with.

for maintenance-free operation. Adequate maintenance is a
- adjustment, and key element in keeping the lift in safe operating condition.
- maintenance, This GESR aims to prevent the performance of maintenance
and repair work by incompetent persons

GESR Lift maintenance and repair instructions

can be carried out effectively and without danger.

6.1.2
ANNEX I Each lift must be accompanied by documentation Partially equivalent to LD requirements, which addresses
drawn up in the official language(s) of the Com- more aspects.
6.2. munity, which may be determined in accordance Where maintenance or repair is required to ensure con-
with the Treaty by the Member State in which the tinued safety, appropriate instructions shall be provided In addition to GESR 6.1.2, LD also requires instructions for
lift is installed. The documentation shall contain emphasizing that suitably trained personnel perform any normal use and relating to inspection, repair and periodic

For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified

at least: required work. checks.


shall be complied with.
- an instruction manual containing the plans and NOTE: This applies to the lifts and lift components and func-
diagrams necessary for normal use and relating to tions that are subject to wear and tear, not to those designed
maintenance, inspection, repair, periodic checks for maintenance-free operation. Adequate maintenance is a
and the rescue operations referred to in Section key element in keeping the lift in safe operating condition.
4.4, This GESR aims to prevent the performance of maintenance
and repair work by incompetent persons
- a logbook in which repairs and, where appropri-

GESR Evacuation
ate, periodic checks can be noted.

6.1.7
Partially equivalent to LD requirements, which addresses

For lifts in the EU, the LD requirements as specified

more aspects.
Means and procedures shall be provided to enable trapped

shall be complied with.

users or authorized personnel to be safely released and
evacuated.
NOTE: The lift system should have means that would permit
the movement of the LCU, under control of an authorized per-
son, to the point of an evacuation opening. Alternative means
(e.g. two-way communication means) that do not require
movement of the LCU are not excluded. Extreme cases of LCU
blockage (due to safety gear setting, material damaged due to
earthquakes, etc.) can require external means, appropriate
instructions and tooling.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

43

 
Table C.2 — Comparison of the Essential Health and Safety Requirements of Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, and Global Essential Safety

44
Requirements of ISO 22559‑1:2014
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I GENERAL PRINCIPLES Clause

4.2.3
By taking this approach and by using the systematic risk
assessment process in accordance with ISO 14798, it was
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

1. The manufacturer of machinery or his possible to establish EHSRs for lifts without imposing restric-
authorized representative must ensure that a risk
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

tions on the design of, or materials and technologies used in,

assessment is carried out in order to determine the lifts.
the health and safety requirements which apply
to the machinery. The machinery must then be
designed and constructed taking into account the

Clause
results of the risk assessment.

4.3.2
ANNEX I       By the iterative process of risk assessment and Following the risk assessment process set out in ISO/
General risk reduction referred to above, the manufac- IEC Guide 51 and the methodology specified in ISO 14798
Principles turer or his authorized representative shall: each study group
             — determine the limits of the machinery, a) identified all safety risk scenarios, including hazardous
which include the intended use and any reason- situations and harmful events (causes and effects and pos-
ably foreseeable misuse thereof, sible resulting harm) that could arise at all stages and in all
conditions of the operation and use of lifts,
             — identify the hazards that can be gener-


ated by the machinery and the associated hazard- b)assessed the risk, and
ous situations,
c) formulated EHSRs that, when implemented, would mitigate
             — estimate the risks, taking into account the risks.
the severity of the possible injury or damage to
health and the probability of its occurrence, Table 1 gives several examples of risk scenarios related to
several GESRs.
             — evaluate the risks, with a view to deter-
mining whether risk reduction is required, in
accordance with the objective of this Directive,
             — eliminate the hazards or reduce the
risks associated with these hazards by applica-
tion of protective measures, in the order of prior-

Clause
ity established in section 1.1.2(b).

4.3.2
ANNEX I 2. The obligations laid down by the Following the risk assessment process set out in ISO/ MD Annex I 1.7.3 has been addressed in Table C.1 and 1.7.4
General essential health and safety requirements only IEC Guide 51 and the methodology specified in ISO 14798 is not applicable to lifts.
Principles apply when the corresponding hazard exists for each study group
the machinery in question when it is used under
the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer or d) identified all safety risk scenarios, including haz-
his authorized representative or in foreseeable ardous situations and harmful events (causes and effects and
abnormal situations. In any event, the princi- possible resulting harm) that could arise at all stages and in
ples of safety integration referred to in section all conditions of the operation and use of lifts,
1.1.2 and the obligations concerning marking of e) assessed the risk, and
machinery and instructions referred to in sec-
tions 1.7.3 and 1.7.4 apply. f) formulated EHSRs that, when implemented, would
mitigate the risks.
Table 1 gives several examples of risk scenarios related to

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

several GESRs.
 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

Clause
5.1.4
ANNEX I 3. The essential health and safety require- The GESRs contained in this part of ISO 22559 shall be fol-
General ments laid down in this Annex are mandatory; lowed wherever possible. However, given the present state of
Principles However, taking into account the state of the art, the art, the objectives that the GESRs specify are sometimes
it may not be possible to meet the objectives set unattainable. In such cases, the lift or its components shall be
by them. In that event, the machinery must, as far designed and built in such a way as to approximate to those
as possible, be designed and constructed with the objectives to the greatest possible extent.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

purpose of approaching these objectives.
ANNEX I 4. This Annex is organized in several As the comparison Table C.2 includes all EHSRs of the
General parts. The first one has a general scope and is MD relevant to lifts, the MD requirement as given in this
Principles applicable to all kinds of machinery. The other paragraph is fulfilled.
parts refer to certain kinds of more specific
hazards. Nevertheless, it is essential to examine
the whole of this Annex in order to be sure of
meeting all the relevant essential requirements.
When machinery is being designed, the require-
ments of the general part and the requirements
of one or more of the other parts shall be taken
into account, depending on the results of the risk
assessment carried out in accordance with point 1


of these General Principles.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

45

 
Table C.2 (continued)

46
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.1.1. Definitions Not

1.1.1 Addressed
These definitions are necessary for understanding the MD
requirements. Relevant definitions exist in ISO 22559‑1.
For the purpose of this Annex:
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

(a) “hazard” means a potential source of injury or

damage to health;
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

(b) “danger zone” means any zone within and/or

around machinery in which a person is subject to
a risk to his health or safety;
(c) “exposed person” means any person wholly or
partially in a danger zone;
(d) “operator” means the person or persons
installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining,
cleaning, repairing or moving machinery;
(e) “risk” means a combination of the probability
and the degree of an injury or damage to health
that can arise in a hazardous situation;


(f) “guard” means a part of the machinery used
specifically to provide protection by means of a
physical barrier;
(g) “protective device” means a device (other than
a guard) which reduces the risk, either alone or in
conjunction with a guard;
(h) “intended use” means the use of machinery in
accordance with the information provided in the
instructions for use;
(i) “reasonably foreseeable misuse” means the use
of machinery in a way not intended in the instruc-
tions for use, but which may result from readily
predictable human behaviour.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.1.2. Principles of safety integration Clause 5 Understanding and implementing GESRs.
1.1.2
The principle of safety integration is addressed in
ISO 22559‑1.
(a) Machinery must be designed and constructed
so that it is fitted for its function, and can be oper- Equivalence is achieved when all risks including residual
ated, adjusted and maintained without putting ones are mitigated in using ISO 22559‑1 as a “standard”.
persons at risk when these operations are carried
MD 1.1.2 addresses risks arising during the life cycle of

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

out under the conditions foreseen but also taking

For lifts in the EU, the MD requirement as specified

into account any reasonably foreseeable misuse the lift.

shall be complied with.

thereof.
     The aim of measures taken must be to
eliminate any risk throughout the foreseeable
lifetime of the machinery including the phases of
transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and
scrapping.
(b) In selecting the most appropriate methods,
the manufacturer or his authorized representa-
tive must apply the following principles, in the
order given:


     - eliminate or reduce risks as far as possible
(inherently safe machinery design and construc-
tion),
     - take the necessary protective measures in
relation to risks that cannot be eliminated,
     - inform users of the residual risks due to
any shortcomings of the protective measures
adopted, indicate whether any particular train-
ing is required and specify any need to provide
personal protective equipment.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

47

 
Table C.2 (continued)

48
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

(c) When designing and constructing machin-

ery and when drafting the instructions, the
manufacturer or his authorized representative
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

must envisage not only the intended use of the

machinery but also any reasonably foreseeable
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

misuse thereof.
     The machinery must be designed and con-
structed in such a way as to prevent abnormal use
if such use would engender a risk. Where appro-
priate, the instructions must draw the user’s
attention to ways — which experience has shown
might occur — in which the machinery should not
be used.
(d) Machinery must be designed and constructed
to take account of the constraints to which the
operator is subject as a result of the necessary or
foreseeable use of personal protective equipment.
(e) Machinery must be supplied with all the spe-


cial equipment and accessories essential to enable

ANNEX I 1.1.3. Materials and products GESR Hazardous materials

it to be adjusted, maintained and used safely.

1.1.3 6.1.13
Equivalent to MD requirements.
The materials used to construct machinery or The characteristics and quantity of material used for the con-
products used or created during its use must not struction of the lift shall not lead to hazardous situations.
endanger persons’ safety or health. In particu-
lar, where fluids are used, machinery must be NOTE: Hazardous situations for users, non-users and author-
designed and constructed to prevent risks due to ized persons refer to toxicity, fumes, exposure to chemicals,
flammability, exposure to asbestos, etc.

ANNEX I 1.1.4. Lighting GESR Illumination of the LCU and the landings
filling, use, recovery or draining.

1.1.4 Machinery must be supplied with integral lighting 6.1.11 The LCU and the landings shall be provided with adequate
suitable for the operations concerned where the illumination during use.
absence thereof is likely to cause a risk despite
ambient lighting of normal intensity. NOTE: Adequate illumination means that the light intensity
is sufficient for safe access and operation of the lift control
Machinery must be designed and constructed devices, including
so that there is no area of shadow likely to cause
nuisance, that there is no irritating dazzle and — detecting levelling inaccuracy,
that there are no dangerous stroboscopic effects — operating landing and LCU controls, and
on moving parts due to the lighting.
minimizing panic by users in the case of power outage.
Internal parts requiring frequent inspection
and adjustment, and maintenance areas must be
provided with appropriate lighting.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

GESR Illumination of working spaces

6.5.12
Equivalent to MD requirements.
All working spaces and access thereto shall be provided with
adequate illumination for the use of authorized persons.
NOTE: Adequate illumination” means that the light intensity
is sufficient for safe access and for performance of any main-

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

tenance or repair operation of the lift equipment. Illumina-
tion may be switched off in the absence of authorized per-
sons. Emergency lighting should be provided in places where

ANNEX I 1.1.5. Design of machinery to facilitate its

movement of authorized persons in darkness is dangerous.

handling
1.1.5
Not addressed by ISO 22559‑1as the construction / altera-
tion / dismantling phases were excluded (see Clause 1.3 b)

For lifts in the EU, the MD requirement as specified

1) of ISO 22559‑1).
Machinery, or each component part thereof, must:
— be capable of being handled and transported shall be complied with.
safely,
— be packaged or designed so that it can be
stored safely and without damage.


During the transportation of the machinery and/
or its component parts, there must be no pos-
sibility of sudden movements or of hazards due
to instability as long as the machinery and/or its
component parts are handled in accordance with
the instructions.
Where the weight, size or shape of machinery or
its various component parts prevents them from
being moved by hand, the machinery or each
component part must:
— either be fitted with attachments for lifting
gear, or
— be designed so that it can be fitted with such
attachments, or
— be shaped in such a way that standard lifting
gear can easily be attached.
Where machinery or one of its component parts is
to be moved by hand, it must:
— either be easily moveable, or
— be equipped for picking up and moving safely.
Special arrangements must be made for the han-
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

49


dling of tools and/or machinery parts which, even

if lightweight, could be hazardous.
 
Table C.2 (continued)

50
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.1.6. Ergonomics Addressed Working area(s) and space(s)

1.1.6
Equivalent to MD requirements.

ment)
Under the intended conditions of use, the discom- (see com- Adequate and safe working area(s) or space(s) shall be pro- Although no specific requirements are specified in GESRs

GESR
fort, fatigue and physical and psychological stress vided. but general hazards are addressed.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

faced by the operator must be reduced to the

6.5.1
NOTE: “Adequate” takes into account the ergonomic princi- See also GESR 6.5.1.
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

minimum possible, taking into account ergonomic

principles such as: ples related to the tasks to be performed.

— allowing for the variability of the operator’s

physical dimensions, strength and stamina,
— providing enough space for movements of the
parts of the operator’s body,
— avoiding a machine-determined work rate,
— avoiding monitoring that requires lengthy
concentration,
— adapting the man/machinery interface to the
foreseeable characteristics of the operators.


© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.2.1. Safety and reliability of control systems Clause

1.2.1 0.1
After the publication of parts 1 and 2 of ISO/TR 11071, Equivalent to MD requirements.
discrepancies were noted in the lift safety standards, and it
Control systems must be designed and con- was agreed that there was a need for an ISO publication that Although no specific requirements are specified in GESRs
structed in such a way as to prevent hazardous would set global essential safety requirements for lifts. The general hazards are addressed.
situations from arising. Above all, they must be work, however, could start only after ISO 14798 was com-
designed and constructed in such a way that: • See GESRs 6.4.6, 6.4.9, and 6.5.8.
pleted. This methodology was a critical tool in the develop-

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

— they can withstand the intended operating ment of this ISO document on safety requirements for lifts. • See Clauses 0.1, 0.2.
stresses and external influences, • See also Clauses 5.1.4, and 5.2.4.1 of ISO 22559‑1.
— a fault in the hardware or the software of the
control system does not lead to hazardous situa-
tions,
— errors in the control system logic do not lead to
hazardous situations,
— reasonably foreseeable human error during
operation does not lead to hazardous situations.
Particular attention must be given to the follow-
ing points:


— the machinery must not start unexpectedly,
— the parameters of the machinery must not
change in an uncontrolled way, where such
change may lead to hazardous situations,
— the machinery must not be prevented from
stopping if the stop command has already been
given,
— no moving part of the machinery or piece held
by the machinery must fall or be ejected,
— automatic or manual stopping of the moving
parts, whatever they may be, must be unimpeded,
— the protective devices must remain fully effec-
tive or give a stop command,
— the safety-related parts of the control system
must apply in a coherent way to the whole of an
assembly of machinery and/or partly completed
machinery.
For cable-less control, an automatic stop must be
activated when correct control signals are not
received, including loss of communication.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

51

 
Table C.2 (continued)

52
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

Clause
0.2
The objective of the ISO 22559 series of documents is to:
a) define a common global level of safety for all people
using, or associated with, lifts (elevators);
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

b) facilitate innovation of lifts (elevators) not

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

designed according to existing local, national or regional

safety standards, while maintaining equivalent levels of
safety; and
c) help remove trade barriers.
NOTE: ISO/TS 22559‑2 contains global safety parameters
(GSPs) for lifts (elevators) that should further assist in the use

Clause
and implementation of the GESRs specified in this standard.

5.1.4
The GESRs contained in this standard shall be followed wher-
ever possible. However, given the present state of the art, the
objectives that the GESRs specify are sometimes unattaina-
ble. In such cases, the lift or its components shall be designed
and built in such a way as to approximate to those objectives

Clause


to the greatest possible extent.

5.2.4.1
GESRs are not “protective measures” in terms of ISO 14798.
A GESR states only the safety objective; it does not specify
how to achieve the objective. Therefore, when designing a lift,
appropriate components and functions shall be selected in
terms of parameters such as size, dimensions, strength, force,
energy, material, acceleration, reliability of performance of
safety-related parts, etc., as applicable, and their ability to
eliminate or sufficiently mitigate risks to achieve compliance
with the objective specified in the GESR shall be established.
NOTE: For more details on safety parameters in relation to

GESR Uncontrolled movement of the LCU

GESRs see ISO/TS 22559‑2.

6.4.6 Means shall be provided to limit uncontrolled movement of

the LCU.
NOTE: This GESR aims to protect against the effects resulting
from the movement of LCU at a speed exceeding the designed
speed and also to prevent effects resulting from unexpected
starts of LCU movement. Examples of such occurrences
are: travel of the LCU towards terminal landings at speed
exceeding its rated speed, or movement of the LCU away from
a landing when doors are open and users are entering or
exiting. An example of the foreseeable failures that can cause
such occurrences is the breakdown in lift components such as
speed control, or drive or braking system.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

GESR Change of speed or acceleration

6.4.9 Means shall be provided to ensure that any change of speed
or acceleration of the LCU shall be limited to minimize the
risk of injury to the users.
NOTE: This covers changes of speed and acceleration of

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

the LCU for both normal and emergency operations. In the
case of an extreme emergency operation (such as stopping a
free-falling LCU), the possibility of minor injuries could be
tolerated, due to the extremely remote probability of such an

GESR Uncontrolled or unintended equipment movement inside

occurrence.

the well (hoistway)

6.5.8
Means shall be provided to protect authorized persons
against effects related to uncontrolled or unintended move-
ment of equipment inside the well (hoistway). Any accelera-
tion or deceleration to which an authorized person is sub-
jected as a result of uncontrolled or unintended movement


shall be limited to sufficiently mitigate the risk of harm.
NOTE: If the contact with lift components whose uncon-
trolled or unintended movement can be harmful, authorized
persons should be provided with means to mitigate such risk,
such as controls over equipment movement or permanently
available screens that separate the moving parts from the
working area to guard against accidental contact. “Equip-
ment” includes all possible moving parts, such as the LCU,
counterweight.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

53

 
Table C.2 (continued)

54
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.2.2. Control devices Clause

1.2.2 0.1
After the publication of parts 1 and 2 of ISO/TR 11071, ISO 22559‑1 addresses the requirements in the following
discrepancies were noted in the lift safety standards, and it ways:
Control devices must be: was agreed that there was a need for an ISO publication that
• See Clauses 0.1 and 0.2.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

— clearly visible and identifiable, using picto- would set global essential safety requirements for lifts (eleva-
grams where appropriate, tors). The work, however, could start only after ISO 14798 • See also Clauses 5.1.4, and 5.2.4.1 of ISO 22559‑1.
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

was completed. This methodology was a critical tool in the

— positioned in such a way as to be safely development of this ISO document on safety requirements for • In formulation of the GESRs, requirements such as those
operated without hesitation or loss of time and lifts. detailed in the MD 1.2.2, have been taken into account,
without ambiguity, however the GESRs have been written in performance

For lifts in the EU, the MD requirement as specified

language.
— designed in such a way that the movement of

shall be complied with.

the control device is consistent with its effect,
— located outside the danger zones, except where
necessary for certain control devices such as an
emergency stop or a teach pendant,
— positioned in such a way that their operation
cannot cause additional risk,
— designed or protected in such a way that the


desired effect, where a hazard is involved, can
only be achieved by a deliberate action,
— made in such a way as to withstand foresee-
able forces; particular attention must be paid to
emergency stop devices liable to be subjected to
considerable forces.
Where a control device is designed and con-
structed to perform several different actions,
namely where there is no one-to-one correspond-
ence, the action to be performed must be clearly
displayed and subject to confirmation, where
necessary.
Control devices must be so arranged that their
layout, travel and resistance to operation are
compatible with the action to be performed, tak-
ing account of ergonomic principles.
Machinery must be fitted with indicators as
required for safe operation. The operator must be
able to read them from the control position.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

From each control position, the operator must be

able to ensure that no-one is in the danger zones,
or the control system must be designed and con-
structed in such a way that starting is prevented
while someone is in the danger zone.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

If neither of these possibilities is applicable,
before the machinery starts, an acoustic and/or
visual warning signal must be given. The exposed
persons must have time to leave the danger zone
or prevent the machinery starting up.
If necessary, means must be provided to ensure
that the machinery can be controlled only from
control positions located in one or more predeter-
mined zones or locations.
Where there is more than one control position,
the control system must be designed in such a
way that the use of one of them precludes the
use of the others, except for stop controls and


emergency stops.
When machinery has two or more operating posi-
tions, each position must be provided with all the
required control devices without the operators
hindering or putting each other into a hazardous

Clause
situation.

0.2
The objective of the ISO 22559 series of documents is to:
a) define a common global level of safety for all people
using, or associated with, lifts (elevators);
b) facilitate innovation of lifts (elevators) not
designed according to existing local, national or regional
safety standards, while maintaining equivalent levels of
safety; and
c) help remove trade barriers.
NOTE: ISO/TS 22559‑2 contains global safety parameters
(GSPs) for lifts (elevators) that should further assist in the use

Clause
and implementation of the GESRs specified in this standard.

5.1.4
The GESRs contained in this standard shall be followed wher-
ever possible. However, given the present state of the art, the
objectives that the GESRs specify are sometimes unattaina-
ble. In such cases, the lift or its components shall be designed
and built in such a way as to approximate to those objectives
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

to the greatest possible extent..

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

55

 
Table C.2 (continued)

56
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

Clause
5.2.4.1
GESRs are not “protective measures” in terms of ISO 14798.
A GESR states only the safety objective; it does not specify
how to achieve the objective. Therefore, when designing a lift,
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

appropriate components and functions shall be selected in

terms of parameters such as size, dimensions, strength, force,
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

energy, material, acceleration, reliability of performance of

safety-related parts, etc., as applicable, and their ability to
eliminate or sufficiently mitigate risks to achieve compliance
with the objective specified in the GESR shall be established.
NOTE: For more details on safety parameters in relation to

ANNEX I 1.3.1. Risk of loss of stability Not

GESRs see ISO/TS 22559‑2.

1.3.1 Addressed For lifts in the EU, the MD requirement as specified

Not explicitly addressed by ISO 22559‑1.

shall be complied with.

Machinery and its components and fittings must
be stable enough to avoid overturning, falling
or uncontrolled movements during transporta-
tion, assembly, dismantling and any other action
involving the machinery.


If the shape of the machinery itself or its intended
installation does not offer sufficient stability,
appropriate means of anchorage must be incorpo-
rated and indicated in the instructions.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.3.2. Risk of break-up during operation GESR Supports for lift equipment
1.3.2 6.1.1
Equivalent to MD requirements.
The various parts of machinery and their linkages The means used to support and secure the lift equipment
must be able to withstand the stresses to which shall be capable of sustaining all loads and forces (including
they are subject when used. impact forces) imposed during normal and emergency opera-
tion.
The durability of the materials used must be

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

adequate for the nature of the working environ- NOTE: The forces referred to in 6.1.1 are those that result
ment foreseen by the manufacturer or his author- from the intended use, and reasonably foreseeable overload,
ized representative, in particular as regards of the lift during normal operation (loading, unloading, accel-
the phenomena of fatigue, ageing, corrosion and eration, braking, etc.) and emergency operation (safety gear
abrasion. operation, buffer impact, etc.).
The instructions must indicate the type and fre-
quency of inspections and maintenance required
for safety reasons. They must, where appropriate,
indicate the parts subject to wear and the criteria
for replacement.
Where a risk of rupture or disintegration remains
despite the measures taken, the parts concerned


must be mounted, positioned and/or guarded in
such a way that any fragments will be contained,
preventing hazardous situations.
Both rigid and flexible pipes carrying fluids,
particularly those under high pressure, must
be able to withstand the foreseen internal and
external stresses and must be firmly attached
and/or protected to ensure that no risk is posed
by a rupture.
Where the material to be processed is fed to the
tool automatically, the following conditions must
be fulfilled to avoid risks to persons:
- when the workpiece comes into contact with
the tool, the latter must have attained its normal
working condition,
- when the tool starts and/or stops (intentionally
or accidentally), the feed movement and the tool
movement must be coordinated.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

57

 
Table C.2 (continued)

58
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

GESR Lift maintenance and repair instructions

6.1.2 Where maintenance or repair is required to ensure continued
safety, appropriate instructions shall be provided emphasiz-
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

ing that suitably trained personnel perform any required

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

work.
NOTE: This applies to the lifts and lift components and func-
tions that are subject to wear and tear, not to those designed
for maintenance-free operation. Adequate maintenance is a
key element in keeping the lift in safe operating condition.
This GESR aims to prevent the performance of maintenance

ANNEX I 1.3.3. Risks due to falling or ejected objects GESR Objects falling on the LCU
and repair work by incompetent persons.

1.3.3 6.4.10
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Precautions must be taken to prevent risks from LCU users shall be protected from falling objects.
falling or ejected objects.
NOTE: Falling objects are those that can be reasonably
expected as a result of misbehaviour, carrying tools or simi-
lar activities. Open well (hoistway) installations can also be


subject to acts of vandalism (objects thrown from outside).

GESR Falling objects in the well (hoistway)

Falling water is not addressed by this GESR.

6.5.10
Equivalent to MD requirements.
While in the well (hoistway), authorized persons shall be
adequately protected from falling objects.
NOTE: Objects that can fall because of an accidental reaction
on the part of a person, e.g. hand-held tools, loose material

ANNEX I 1.3.4. Risks due to surfaces, edges or angles GESR Floors of the LCU and working areas
placed on LCU (car) roof, etc.

1.3.4 6.1.4
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Insofar as their purpose allows, accessible parts The floors of the LCU and standing areas of workplaces shall
of the machinery must have no sharp edges, no minimize the risk of tripping and slipping.
sharp angles and no rough surfaces likely to cause
injury. NOTE: LCU and working area floors should be reasonably
level, which means that they do not present a perceptible
slope. When considering non-slip materials, attention should
be paid to the fact that the roughness of a material does not
remain consistent over time and can vary depending on

GESR Sharp edges

housekeeping operations (e.g. cleaning).

6.1.8
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Means shall be provided to sufficiently mitigate the risk to
users and non-users of exposure to sharp edges.
NOTE: For authorized persons, see 6.5.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.3.7. Risks related to moving parts GESR Hazards due to relative movement
1.3.7 6.1.5
Equivalent to MD requirements.
The moving parts of machinery must be designed Users and non-users shall be protected from the effects of
and constructed in such a way as to prevent risks shearing, crushing or abrasion, or other injuries due to
of contact which could lead to accidents or must,
where risks persist, be fitted with guards or a) the relative movement of the LCU and external
objects, and

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

protective devices.
All necessary steps must be taken to prevent b) the relative movement of the lift equipment.
accidental blockage of moving parts involved in NOTE 1: For authorized persons, see 6.5.9.
the work. In cases where, despite the precautions
taken, a blockage is likely to occur, the necessary NOTE 2: This GESR addresses the safety of persons located
specific protective devices and tools must, when inside and outside the LCU.
appropriate, be provided to enable the equipment
to be safely unblocked.
The instructions and, where possible, a sign on
the machinery shall identify these specific protec-

GESR
tive devices and how they are to be used.

the well (hoistway)

6.5.8
Uncontrolled or unintended equipment movement inside Equivalent to MD requirements.


Means shall be provided to protect authorized persons
against effects related to uncontrolled or unintended move-
ment of equipment inside the well (hoistway). Any accelera-
tion or deceleration to which an authorized person is sub-
jected as a result of uncontrolled or unintended movement
shall be limited to sufficiently mitigate the risk of harm.
NOTE 1: If the contact with lift components whose unin-
tended or uncontrolled movement can be harmful, authorized
persons should be provided with means to mitigate such risk,
such as controls over equipment movement or permanently
available screens that separate the moving parts from the
working area to guard against accidental contact. “Equip-
ment” includes all possible moving parts, such as the LCU,
counterweight.
NOTE 2: If the contact with lift components whose uncon-
trolled or unintended movement can be harmful, authorized
persons should be provided with means to mitigate such risk,
such as controls over equipment movement or permanently
available screens that separate the moving parts from the
working area to guard against accidental contact. “Equip-
ment” includes all possible moving parts, such as the LCU,
counterweight.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

59

 
Table C.2 (continued)

60
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.3.8 Choice of protection against risks arising GESR Hazards due to relative movement
from moving parts
1.3.8 6.1.5
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Users and non-users shall be protected from the effects of
Guards or protective devices designed to protect shearing, crushing or abrasion, or other injuries due to
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

against risks arising from moving parts must

a) the relative movement of the LCU and external
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

be selected on the basis of the type of risk. The

following guidelines must be used to help to make objects, and

1.3.8.1. Moving transmission parts

the choice. b) the relative movement of the lift equipment.
NOTE 1: For authorized persons, see 6.5.9.
Guards designed to protect persons against the NOTE 2: This GESR addresses the safety of persons located
hazards generated by moving transmission parts inside and outside the LCU.
must be:
— either fixed guards as referred to in section
1.4.2.1, or
— interlocking movable guards as referred to in
section 1.4.2.2.
Interlocking movable guards should be used


1.3.8.2. Moving parts involved in the process GESR Equipment inaccessible to users and non-users
where frequent access is envisaged.

6.1.3 For lifts in the EU, the MD requirement as specified

GESR 6.1.3 address aspects of the MD requirements.

shall be complied with.

Guards or protective devices designed to protect Equipment that is hazardous shall not be directly accessible
persons against the hazards generated by moving to users and non-users.
parts involved in the process must be:
NOTE: Locations that are not accessible include the location
— either fixed guards as referred to in section behind the enclosure, a locked cover or door, or out-of-reach
1.4.2.1, or locations.
— interlocking movable guards as referred to in
section 1.4.2.2, or
— protective devices as referred to in section
1.4.3, or
— a combination of the above.
However, when certain moving parts directly
involved in the process cannot be made com-
pletely inaccessible during operation owing to
operations requiring operator intervention, such
parts must be fitted with:
— fixed guards or interlocking movable guards
preventing access to those sections of the parts
that are not used in the work, and
— adjustable guards as referred to in section

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

1.4.2.3 restricting access to those sections of the
moving parts where access is necessary.
 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

GESR Hazards due to relative movement

6.1.5 For lifts in the EU, the MD requirement as specified
GESR 6.1.5 address aspects of the MD requirements .

shall be complied with.

Users and non-users shall be protected from the effects of
shearing, crushing or abrasion, or other injuries due to
a) the relative movement of the LCU and external
objects, and

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

b) the relative movement of the lift equipment.
NOTE 1: For authorized persons, see 6.5.9.
NOTE 2: This GESR addresses the safety of persons located
inside and outside the LCU.


BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

61

 
Table C.2 (continued)

62
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.4. Required characteristics of guards and GESR Hazards due to relative movement
protective devices
1.4 6.1.5
In the formulation of GESR 6.1.5 requirements such as

1.4.1. General requirements

those detailed in the MD 1.4 have been taken into account,
Users and non-users shall be protected from the effects of however the GESR has been written in performance
shearing, crushing or abrasion, or other injuries due to
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

language.
Guards and protective devices must: a) the relative movement of the LCU and external
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

MD has specific requirements for guards and protective

objects, and

For lifts in the EU, specific requirements of MD shall

— be of robust construction, devices.

be complied with.
b) the relative movement of the lift equipment.
— be securely held in place,
NOTE 1: For authorized persons, see 6.5.9.
— not give rise to any additional hazard,
NOTE 2: This GESR addresses the safety of persons located
— not be easy to by-pass or render non-opera- inside and outside the LCU.
tional,
— be located at an adequate distance from the
danger zone,
— cause minimum obstruction to the view of the
production process, and
— enable essential work to be carried out on


the installation and/or replacement of tools and
for maintenance purposes by restricting access
exclusively to the area where the work has to be
done, if possible without the guard having to be
removed or the protective device having to be
disabled.
In addition, guards must, where possible, protect
against the ejection or falling of materials or
objects and against emissions generated by the

1.4.2. Special requirements for guards

machinery.

1.4.2.1. Fixed guards

Fixed guards must be fixed by systems that can be
opened or removed only with tools.
Their fixing systems must remain attached to the
guards or to the machinery when the guards are
removed.
Where possible, guards must be incapable of
remaining in place without their fixings.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

1.4.2.2. Interlocking movable guards

Interlocking movable guards must:
— as far as possible remain attached to the
machinery when open,

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

— be designed and constructed in such a way
that they can be adjusted only by means of an
intentional action.
Interlocking movable guards must be associated
with an interlocking device that:
— prevents the start of hazardous machinery
functions until they are closed and
— gives a stop command whenever they are no
longer closed.
Where it is possible for an operator to reach the
danger zone before the risk due to the hazardous


machinery functions has ceased, movable guards
must be associated with a guard locking device in
addition to an interlocking device that:
— prevents the start of hazardous machinery
functions until the guard is closed and locked, and
— keeps the guard closed and locked until the
risk of injury from the hazardous machinery func-
tions has ceased.
Interlocking movable guards must be designed
in such a way that the absence or failure of one of
their components prevents starting or stops the
hazardous machinery functions.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

63

 
Table C.2 (continued)

64
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

1.4.2.3. Adjustable guards restricting access

Adjustable guards restricting access to those
areas of the moving parts strictly necessary for
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

the work must be:

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

— adjustable manually or automatically, depend-

ing on the type of work involved, and

1.4.3. Special requirements for protective

— readily adjustable without the use of tools.

devices
Protective devices must be designed and incorpo-
rated into the control system in such a way that:
— moving parts cannot start up while they are
within the operator’s reach,
— persons cannot reach moving parts while the
parts are moving, and


— the absence or failure of one of their compo-
nents prevents starting or stops the moving parts.
Protective devices must be adjustable only by

GESR Falling objects in the well (hoistway)

means of an intentional action.

6.5.10 While in the well (hoistway), authorized persons shall be

adequately protected from falling objects.
NOTE: Objects that can fall because of an accidental reaction
on the part of a person, e.g. hand-held tools, loose material

ANNEX I 1.5.1. Electricity supply GESR Hazards arising from the risk of electrical shock
placed on LCU (car) roof, etc.

1.5.1 6.1.9
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Where machinery has an electricity supply, it Where electricity is provided, means shall be provided to suf-
must be designed, constructed and equipped in ficiently mitigate the risk to users and non-users of exposure
such a way that all hazards of an electrical nature to electrical shock.
are or can be prevented.
NOTE: For authorized persons, see 6.5.
The safety objectives set out in Directive 73/23/
EEC shall apply to machinery. However, the
obligations concerning conformity assessment
and the placing on the market and/or putting into
service of machinery with regard to electrical
hazards are governed solely by this Directive.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

GESR Electric shock in working spaces

6.5.11
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Equipment shall be designed and installed to minimize harm
to authorized persons due to the effects of electricity.
NOTE: Lift service sometimes requires that authorized peo-

ANNEX I 1.5.2. Static electricity GESR Hazards arising from the risk of electrical shock
ple access live parts of electrical equipment.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

1.5.2 6.1.9
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Machinery must be designed and constructed to Where electricity is provided, means shall be provided to suf-
prevent or limit the build-up of potentially dan- ficiently mitigate the risk to users and non-users of exposure
gerous electrostatic charges and/or be fitted with to electrical shock.

1.5.3. Energy supply other than electricity

a discharging system.
NOTE: For authorized persons, see 6.5.

Where machinery is powered by source of energy

other than electricity, it must be so designed,
constructed and equipped as to avoid all potential

GESR Electric shock in working spaces

risks associated with such sources of energy.


6.5.11
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Equipment shall be designed and installed to minimize harm
to authorized persons due to the effects of electricity.
NOTE: Lift service sometimes requires that authorized peo-

ANNEX I 1.5.3. Energy supply other than electricity Not

ple access live parts of electrical equipment.

1.5.3
Not covered by ISO 22559‑1 not relevant with present
technology
Where machinery is powered by source of energy Addressed
other than electricity, it must be so designed,
constructed and equipped as to avoid all potential
risks associated with such sources of energy.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

65

 
Table C.2 (continued)

66
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.5.4. Errors of fitting Not

1.5.4
Not covered by ISO 22559‑1, construction / alteration
phases not addressed (see Clause 1.3.b.1)
Errors likely to be made when fitting or refitting Addressed
certain parts which could be a source of risk must
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

be made impossible by the design and construc-

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

tion of such parts or, failing this, by informa-

tion given on the parts themselves and/or their
housings. The same information must be given
on moving parts and/or their housings where
the direction of movement needs to be known in
order to avoid a risk.
Where necessary, the instructions must give
further information on these risks.
Where a faulty connection can be the source of
risk, incorrect connections must be made impos-
sible by design or, failing this, by information
given on the elements to be connected and, where

ANNEX I 1.5.5. Extreme temperatures GESR Means of protection from various hazards
appropriate, on the means of connection.


1.5.5 6.5.9
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Steps must be taken to eliminate any risk of Means shall be provided to adequately protect an author-
injury arising from contact with or proximity to ized person, in working spaces, from the effects of shearing,
machinery parts or materials at high or very low crushing, abrasion, laceration, high temperature, entrapment,
temperatures. etc.
The necessary steps must also be taken to avoid NOTE: List of hazards is not all inclusive. Specific hazards
or protect against the risk of hot or very cold need to be considered according to the circumstances. See

ANNEX I 1.5.6. Fire GESR Hazardous materials

material being ejected. also 6.1.4

1.5.6 6.1.13
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Machinery must be designed and constructed in The characteristics and quantity of material used for the con-
such a way as to avoid any risk of fire or overheat- struction of the lift shall not lead to hazardous situations.
ing posed by the machinery itself or by gases, liq-
uids, dust, vapours or other substances produced NOTE: Hazardous situations for users, non-users and author-
or used by the machinery. ized persons refer to toxicity, fumes, exposure to chemicals,
flammability, exposure to asbestos, etc.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.5.7. Explosion Clause

1.5.7 5.2.2.2
When designing a lift or its component, a review of the ISO 22559‑1 requires all hazards applicable to the lift
intended use, foreseeable misuse (see 4.5.5.4 of ISO 14798) based on the intended use shall be considered (5.2.2.2).
Machinery must be designed and constructed in and the design shall be made, in which all possible risk
such a way as to avoid any risk of explosion posed scenarios are formulated, and risk assessment is performed, The MD has specific requirements related to the hazard of

For lifts in the EU, the MD requirement as specified

by the machinery itself or by gases, liquids, dust, in order to find out which, if any, GESRs are applicable to the explosion.

shall be complied with.

vapours or other substances produced or used by design. All risk scenarios that could occur during operation

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

the machinery. and use shall be considered, as well as during the mainte-
Machinery must comply, as far as the risk of nance or inspection of the lift.
explosion due to its use in a potentially explosive NOTE 1: For practical use of GESRs, see 5.3.
atmosphere is concerned, with the provisions of
the specific Community Directives. NOTE 2: Guidance and examples for use of GESRs are given in
notes in Clause 6, following each GESR. They should assist in

ANNEX I 1.5.10. Radiation GESR Electromagnetic compatibility

understanding of the intent and use of GESRs.

1.5.10 6.1.10
EMC requirements are identical. Other radiation aspects
are not relevant so not addressed by ISO 22559‑1.
Undesirable radiation emissions from the machin- The safe operation of a lift shall not be influenced by electro-
ery must be eliminated or be reduced to levels magnetic interferences (EMC). The electromagnetic emission
that do not have adverse effects on persons. of the lift shall be restricted to specified limits.


Any functional ionising radiation emissions must
be limited to the lowest level which is sufficient
for the proper functioning of the machinery dur-
ing setting, operation and cleaning. Where a risk
exists, the necessary protective measures must
be taken.
Any functional non-ionising radiation emissions
during setting, operation and cleaning must be
limited to levels that do not have adverse effects

ANNEX I 1.5.11. External radiation GESR Electromagnetic compatibility

on persons.

1.5.11 6.1.10
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Machinery must be designed and constructed in The safe operation of a lift shall not be influenced by electro-
such a way that external radiation does not inter- magnetic interferences (EMC). The electromagnetic emission
fere with its operation. of the lift shall be restricted to specified limits.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

67

 
Table C.2 (continued)

68
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.5.12. Laser radiation Clause

1.5.12 5.2.2.2
When designing a lift or its component, a review of the ISO 22559‑1 requires all hazards applicable to the lift

In case of hazard of Laser radiation, the specific MD

intended use, foreseeable misuse (see 4.5.5.4 of ISO 14798) based on the intended use (5.2.2.2).
Where laser equipment is used, the following

requirement shall be complied with.

and the design shall be made, in which all possible risk
should be taken into account:
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

scenarios are formulated, and risk assessment is performed,

— laser equipment on machinery must be in order to find out which, if any, GESRs are applicable to the
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

designed and constructed in such a way as to design. All risk scenarios that could occur during operation
prevent any accidental radiation, and use shall be considered, as well as during the mainte-
nance or inspection of the lift.
— laser equipment on machinery must be
protected in such a way that effective radiation, NOTE 1: For practical use of GESRs, see 5.3.
radiation produced by reflection or diffusion and NOTE 2: Guidance and examples for use of GESRs are given in
secondary radiation do not damage health, notes in Clause 6, following each GESR. They should assist in
— optical equipment for the observation or understanding of the intent and use of GESRs.
adjustment of laser equipment on machinery must
be such that no health risk is created by laser

ANNEX I 1.5.13. Emissions of hazardous materials and GESR Hazardous materials

radiation.

substances
1.5.13 6.1.13
Equivalent to MD requirements.
The characteristics and quantity of material used for the con-


Machinery must be designed and constructed in struction of the lift shall not lead to hazardous situations.
such a way that risks of inhalation, ingestion, con-
tact with the skin, eyes and mucous membranes NOTE: Hazardous situations for users, non-users and author-
and penetration through the skin of hazardous ized persons refer to toxicity, fumes, exposure to chemicals,
materials and substances which it produces can flammability, exposure to asbestos, etc.
be avoided.
Where a hazard cannot be eliminated, the
machinery must be so equipped that hazardous
materials and substances can be contained, evac-
uated, precipitated by water spraying, filtered or
treated by another equally effective method.
Where the process is not totally enclosed during
normal operation of the machinery, the devices
for containment and/or evacuation must be situ-

ANNEX I 1.5.14. Risk of being trapped in a machine GESR Access to and egress from working spaces in the well
ated in such a way as to have the maximum effect.

(hoistway)
1.5.14 6.5.3
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Machinery must be designed, constructed or
fitted with a means of preventing a person from Access to and egress from working spaces in the well (hoist-
being enclosed within it or, if that is impossible, way) shall be safe.
with a means of summoning help.
NOTE: Safe egress may be achieved with assistance.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

GESR Evacuation
6.1.7
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Means and procedures shall be provided to enable trapped
users or authorized personnel to be safely released and
evacuated.
NOTE: The lift system should have means that would permit

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

the movement of the LCU, under control of an authorized per-
son, to the point of an evacuation opening. Alternative means
(e.g. two-way communication means) that do not require
movement of the LCU are not excluded. Extreme cases of LCU
blockage (due to safety gear setting, material damaged due to
earthquakes, etc.) can require external means, appropriate

ANNEX I 1.5.15. Risk of slipping, tripping or falling GESR Floors of the LCU and working areas
instructions and tooling.

1.5.15 6.1.4
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Parts of the machinery where persons are liable The floors of the LCU and standing areas of workplaces shall
to move about or stand must be designed and minimize the risk of tripping and slipping.
constructed in such a way as to prevent persons
slipping, tripping or falling on or off these parts. NOTE: LCU and working area floors should be reasonably


level, which means that they do not present a perceptible
Where appropriate, these parts must be fitted slope. When considering non-slip materials, attention should
with handholds that are fixed relative to the user be paid to the fact that the roughness of a material does not
and that enable them to maintain their stability. remain consistent over time and can vary depending on

GESR Horizontal sill-to-sill gap

housekeeping operations (e.g. cleaning).

6.3.2
Equivalent to MD requirements.
The horizontal gap between the sill of the LCU and that of the
landings shall be limited.
NOTE: This measurement is taken perpendicular to the mov-
ing direction of users. Children who are able to walk should
be considered. The sizes of wheelchair wheels and walking

GESR Alignment of the LCU and the landing

aids should also be taken into account.

6.3.3
Equivalent to MD requirements.
When users enter or exit the LCU, its platform and the landing
floor shall be substantially aligned.
NOTE: The step caused by the variation of the LCU load
should be limited to avoid stumbling on the part of users; the
step should be small enough to allow safe access for all users,
including persons with impaired mobility.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

69

 
Table C.2 (continued)

70
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

GESR Gap between the landing doors and the LCU doors
6.3.5
Equivalent to MD requirements.
The gap between the landing doors and the LCU doors shall
not allow the presence of users.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

NOTE: This GESR aims to prevent persons, including children,

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

from entering sideways into the space between the LCU and
landing doors. This situation can arise when there are:
— multiple panels on the LCU and landing doors, with loose
synchronization, and
— combinations of the hinged landing doors and sliding LCU

GESR Falling from working areas

doors.

6.5.6
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Means shall be provided to sufficiently mitigate the risk to
authorized persons of falling from any working area.
NOTE 1: Working places in the well (hoistway), such as the
LCU roof, temporary platforms, should be equipped with


protective devices (e.g. balustrades) if there is a risk of fall-
ing [e.g. a gap between the LCU roof and the well (hoistway)
wall].
NOTE 2: The means of prevention (e.g. balustrade) should

ANNEX I 1.5.16. Lightning Clause

have sufficient height and strength.

1.5.16 5.2.2.2
When designing a lift or its component, a review of the ISO 22559‑1 requires to all hazards applicable to the lift

In case of hazard of lightning, the specific MD require-

intended use, foreseeable misuse (see 4.5.5.4 of ISO 14798) based on the intended use (5.2.2.2).
Machinery in need of protection against the

ment shall be complied with.

and the design shall be made, in which all possible risk
effects of lightning while being used must be scenarios are formulated, and risk assessment is performed,
fitted with a system for conducting the resultant in order to find out which, if any, GESRs are applicable to the
electrical charge to earth. design. All risk scenarios that could occur during operation
and use shall be considered, as well as during the mainte-
nance or inspection of the lift.
NOTE 1: For practical use of GESRs, see 5.3.
NOTE 2: Guidance and examples for use of GESRs are given in
notes in Clause 6, following each GESR. They should assist in
understanding of the intent and use of GESRs.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.6.1. Machinery maintenance GESR Lift maintenance and repair instructions
1.6.1 6.1.2
The principle of safety integration is addressed in
ISO 22559‑1.
Adjustment and maintenance points must be Where maintenance or repair is required to ensure continued

shall be complied with.

located outside danger zones. It must be possible safety, appropriate instructions shall be provided emphasiz- For lifts in the EU, the MD requirement as specified
to carry out adjustment, maintenance, repair, ing that suitably trained personnel perform any required
cleaning and servicing operations while machin- work.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ery is at a standstill.
NOTE: This applies to the lifts and lift components and func-
If one or more of the above conditions cannot be tions that are subject to wear and tear, not to those designed
satisfied for technical reasons, measures must be for maintenance-free operation. Adequate maintenance is a
taken to ensure that these operations can be car- key element in keeping the lift in safe operating condition.
ried out safely (see section 1.2.5). This GESR aims to prevent the performance of maintenance
and repair work by incompetent persons.
In the case of automated machinery and, where
necessary, other machinery, a connecting device
for mounting diagnostic fault-finding equipment
must be provided.
Automated machinery components which have to
be changed frequently must be capable of being
removed and replaced easily and safely. Access


to the components must enable these tasks to be
carried out with the necessary technical means in

ANNEX I 1.6.2. Access to operating positions and servic- GESR Accessible equipment
accordance with a specified operating method.

ing points
1.6.2 6.5.2
Equivalent to MD requirements.
All lift equipment requiring maintenance or repair shall be
Machinery must be designed and constructed in safely accessible to authorized persons.
such a way as to allow access in safety to all areas
where intervention is necessary during operation, NOTE: If the lift elements requiring maintenance or repair
adjustment and maintenance of the machinery. are not accessible, they can be neglected, which would render
the use of the lift unsafe. The elements of the lift should be
designed taking this into account. “Safely” indicates safe and

GESR Access to and egress from working spaces in the well

easy access for maintenance and repair operations.

(hoistway)
6.5.3
Equivalent to MD requirements.

Access to and egress from working spaces in the well (hoist-

way) shall be safe.

ANNEX I 1.6.4. Operator intervention Not

NOTE: Safe egress may be achieved with assistance.

1.6.4 Addressed
The principle of safety integration in ISO 22559‑1 should

However, MD has specific requirements that shall be

lead to the same outcome as MD requirements.
Machinery must be so designed, constructed and

complied with.
equipped that the need for operator interven-
tion is limited. If operator intervention cannot be
avoided, it must be possible to carry it out easily
and safely.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

71

 
Table C.2 (continued)

72
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.6.5. Cleaning of internal parts Not

1.6.5 Addressed
The principle of safety integration in ISO 22559‑1 should

However, MD has specific requirements that shall be

lead to the same outcome as MD requirements.
The machinery must be designed and con-

complied with.
structed in such a way that it is possible to clean
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

internal parts which have contained dangerous

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

substances or preparations without entering

them; any necessary unblocking must also be pos-
sible from the outside. If it is impossible to avoid
entering the machinery, it must be designed and
constructed in such a way as to allow cleaning to

ANNEX I 1.7.1.2. Warning devices GESR Equipment inaccessible to users and non-users
take place safely.

1.7.1.2 6.1.3
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Where the health and safety of persons may Equipment that is hazardous shall not be directly accessible Formulation is different but the outcome will be similar.
be endangered by a fault in the operation of to users and non-users.
unsupervised machinery, the machinery must be
equipped in such a way as to give an appropriate NOTE: Locations that are not accessible include the location
acoustic or light signal as a warning. behind the enclosure, a locked cover or door, or out-of-reach
locations.
Where machinery is equipped with warning


devices these must be unambiguous and easily
perceived. The operator must have facilities to
check the operation of such warning devices at all
times.
The requirements of the specific Community
Directives concerning colours and safety signals

GESR Means of protection from various hazards

must be complied with.

6.5.9
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Means shall be provided to adequately protect an author- Formulation is different but the outcome will be similar.
ized person, in working spaces, from the effects of shearing,
crushing, abrasion, laceration, high temperature, entrapment,
etc.
NOTE: List of hazards is not all inclusive. Specific hazards
need to be considered according to the circumstances. See

ANNEX I 1.7.2. Warning of residual risks Clause 5

also 6.1.4

1.7.2 However, for lifts in the EU, MD has specific require-

Understanding and implementing GESRs The principle is addressed by Clause 5 of ISO 22559‑1.

ments that shall be complied with.

Where risks remain despite the inherent safe
design measures, safeguarding and complemen-
tary protective measures adopted, the necessary
warnings, including warning devices, must be
provided.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 1.7.3. Marking of machinery Not For lifts in the EU, MD has specific requirements that
shall be complied with.
1.7.3 All machinery must be marked visibly, legibly and Addressed
indelibly with the following minimum particu-
lars:
— the business name and full address of the

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

manufacturer and, where applicable, his author-
ized representative,
— designation of the machinery,
— the CE Marking (see Annex III),
— designation of series or type,
— serial number, if any,
— the year of construction, that is the year in
which the manufacturing process is completed.
It is prohibited to pre-date or post-date the


machinery when affixing the CE marking.
Furthermore, machinery designed and con-
structed for use in a potentially explosive atmos-
phere must be marked accordingly.
Machinery must also bear full information rel-
evant to its type and essential for safe use. Such
information is subject to the requirements set out
in section 1.7.1.
Where a machine part must be handled during
use with lifting equipment, its mass must be indi-
cated legibly, indelibly and unambiguously.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

73

 
Table C.2 (continued)

74
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I Not
4.1.1 Addressed
4.1.1. Definitions This is not an EHSR. The purpose of the definitions is
to assist the reader of MD. Relevant definitions exist in
(a) “Lifting operation” means a movement of unit ISO 22559‑1.
loads consisting of goods and/or persons neces-
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

sitating, at a given moment, a change of level.

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

(b) “Guided load” means a load where the total

movement is made along rigid or flexible guides
whose position is determined by fixed points.
(c) “Working coefficient” means the arithmetic
ratio between the load guaranteed by the manu-
facturer or his authorized representative up to
which a component is able to hold it and the maxi-
mum working load marked on the component.
(d) “Test coefficient” means the arithmetic ratio
between the load used to carry out the static
or dynamic tests on lifting machinery or a lift-
ing accessory and the maximum working load
marked on the lifting machinery or lifting acces-


sory.
(e) “Static test” means the test during which
lifting machinery or a lifting accessory is first
inspected and subjected to a force corresponding
to the maximum working load multiplied by the
appropriate static test coefficient and then re-
inspected once the said load has been released to
ensure that no damage has occurred.
(f) “Dynamic test” means the test during which
lifting machinery is operated in all its possible
configurations at the maximum working load
multiplied by the appropriate dynamic test coef-
ficient with account being taken of the dynamic
behaviour of the lifting machinery in order to
check that it functions properly.
(g) “Carrier” means a part of the machinery on or
in which persons and/or goods are supported in
order to be lifted.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 4.1.2.2. Machinery running on guide rails and GESR Hazards due to relative movement
rail tracks
4.1.2.2 6.1.5
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Users and non-users shall be protected from the effects of E.g. guide shoes and roller guides are elevator devices
Machinery must be provided with devices which shearing, crushing or abrasion, or other injuries due to which act on guide rails.
act on the guide rails or tracks to prevent derail-
ment. a) the relative movement of the LCU and external
objects, and

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

If, despite such devices, there remains a risk of
derailment or of failure of a rail or of a running b) the relative movement of the lift equipment.
component, devices must be provided which NOTE 1: For authorized persons, see 6.5.9.
prevent the equipment, component or load from
falling or the machinery from overturning. NOTE 2: This GESR addresses the safety of persons located

GESR LCU horizontal or rotational motion

inside and outside the LCU.

6.4.8
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Horizontal or rotational motion of the LCU shall be limited to E.g. guide shoes and roller guides are elevator devices
sufficiently mitigate the risk of injury to users and authorized which act on guide rails.
persons.
NOTE: Horizontal or rotational free movement of the LCU is


to be limited to prevent users from losing balance and falling.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

75

 
Table C.2 (continued)

76
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 4.1.2.3. Mechanical strength Clause

4.1.2.3 0.1
After the publication of parts 1 and 2 of ISO/TR 11071, ISO 22559‑1 addresses the requirements in the following
discrepancies were noted in the lift safety standards, and it ways:
Machinery, lifting accessories and their com- was agreed that there was a need for an ISO publication that
ponents must be capable of withstanding the • See Clauses 0.1 and 0.2.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

would set global essential safety requirements for lifts (eleva-

stresses to which they are subjected, both in and, tors). The work, however, could start only after ISO 14798 • See also Clauses 5.1.4, and 5.2.4.1 of ISO 22559‑1.
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

where applicable, out of use, under the installa- was completed. This methodology was a critical tool in the
tion and operating conditions provided for and development of this ISO document on safety requirements for • In formulation of the GESRs 6.1.1 and 6.5.4 requirements
in all relevant configurations, with due regard, lifts. such as those detailed in the MD 4.1.2.3 have been taken
where appropriate, to the effects of atmospheric into account, however the GESRs have been written in

For lifts in the EU, MD has specific requirements that

factors and forces exerted by persons. This performance language.

shall be complied with.

requirement must also be satisfied during trans-
port, assembly and dismantling.
Machinery and lifting accessories must be
designed and constructed in such a way as to
prevent failure from fatigue and wear, taking due
account of their intended use.
The materials used must be chosen on the basis
of the intended working environments, with
particular regard to corrosion, abrasion, impacts,


extreme temperatures, fatigue, brittleness and
ageing.
Machinery and lifting accessories must be
designed and constructed in such a way as to
withstand the overload in the static tests without
permanent deformation or patent defect. Strength
calculations must take account of the value of
the static test coefficient chosen to guarantee an
adequate level of safety. That coefficient has, as a
general rule, the following values:
(a) manually-operated machinery and lifting
accessories: 1,5;
(b) other machinery: 1,25.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

Machinery must be designed and constructed

in such a way as to undergo, without failure, the
dynamic tests carried out using the maximum
working load multiplied by the dynamic test coef-
ficient. This dynamic test coefficient is chosen so
as to guarantee an adequate level of safety: the

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

coefficient is, as a general rule, equal to 1,1. As a
general rule, the tests will be performed at the
nominal speeds provided for. Should the control
circuit of the machinery allow for a number of
simultaneous movements, the tests must be car-
ried out under the least favourable conditions,
as a general rule by combining the movements

Clause
concerned.

0.2
The objective of the ISO 22559 series of documents is to:
a) define a common global level of safety for all people
using, or associated with, lifts (elevators);
b) facilitate innovation of lifts (elevators) not


designed according to existing local, national or regional
safety standards, while maintaining equivalent levels of
safety; and
c) help remove trade barriers.
NOTE: ISO/TS 22559‑2 contains global safety parameters
(GSPs) for lifts (elevators) that should further assist in the use

Clause
and implementation of the GESRs specified in this standard.

5.1.4
The GESRs contained in this standard shall be followed wher-
ever possible. However, given the present state of the art, the
objectives that the GESRs specify are sometimes unattaina-
ble. In such cases, the lift or its components shall be designed
and built in such a way as to approximate to those objectives

Clause
to the greatest possible extent.

5.2.4.1
GESRs are not “protective measures” in terms of ISO 14798.
A GESR states only the safety objective; it does not specify
how to achieve the objective. Therefore, when designing a lift,
appropriate components and functions shall be selected in
terms of parameters such as size, dimensions, strength, force,
energy, material, acceleration, reliability of performance of
safety-related parts, etc., as applicable, and their ability to
eliminate or sufficiently mitigate risks to achieve compliance
with the objective specified in the GESR shall be established.
NOTE: For more details on safety parameters in relation to
GESRs see ISO/TS 22559‑2
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

77

 
Table C.2 (continued)

78
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

GESR Supports for lift equipment

6.1.1 The means used to support and secure the lift equipment
shall be capable of sustaining all loads and forces (including
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

impact forces) imposed during normal and emergency opera-

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

tion.
NOTE: The forces referred to in 6.1.1 are those that result
from the intended use, and reasonably foreseeable overload,
of the lift during normal operation (loading, unloading, accel-
eration, braking, etc.) and emergency operation (safety gear

GESR Strength of working areas

operation, buffer impact, etc.).

6.5.4 Means shall be provided to accommodate and support the

mass of authorized person(s) and associated equipment in
any designated working area(s).
NOTE: The number of authorized persons and the equipment
that they carry or use to fulfil the anticipated working activi-


ties should be determined. Those activities do not include
major repairs when the working area needs to be enlarged
and reinforced.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 4.1.2.4. Pulleys, drums, wheels, ropes and Clause

chains
4.1.2.4 0.1
After the publication of parts 1 and 2 of ISO/TR 11071, ISO 22559‑1 addresses the requirements in the following
discrepancies were noted in the lift safety standards, and it ways:
was agreed that there was a need for an ISO publication that
Pulleys, drums and wheels must have a diameter would set global essential safety requirements for lifts (eleva- • See Clauses 0.1 and 0.2.
commensurate with the size of the ropes or tors). The work, however, could start only after ISO 14798
chains with which they can be fitted. • See also Clauses 5.1.4, and 5.2.4.1 of ISO 22559‑1.
was completed. This methodology was a critical tool in the

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Drums and wheels must be designed, constructed development of this ISO document on safety requirements for • In formulation of the GESRs, (e.g. 6.4.2) requirements
and installed in such a way that the ropes or lifts. such as those detailed in the MD 4.1.2.4 have been taken

However, for lifts in the EU, MD has specific require-

chains with which they are equipped can be into account.

ments that shall be complied with.

wound without coming off.
Ropes used directly for lifting or supporting the
load must not include any splicing other than at
their ends. Splicings are, however, tolerated in
installations which are intended by design to be
modified regularly according to needs of use.
Complete ropes and their endings must have a
working coefficient chosen in such a way as to
guarantee an adequate level of safety. As a general


rule, this coefficient is equal to 5.
Lifting chains must have a working coefficient
chosen in such a way as to guarantee an adequate
level of safety. As a general rule, this coefficient is
equal to 4.
In order to verify that an adequate working coef-
ficient has been attained, the manufacturer or his
authorized representative must, for each type of
chain and rope used directly for lifting the load
and for the rope ends, perform the appropriate

Clause
tests or have such tests performed

0.2
The objective of the ISO 22559 series of documents is to:
a) define a common global level of safety for all people
using, or associated with, lifts (elevators);
b) facilitate innovation of lifts (elevators) not
designed according to existing local, national or regional
safety standards, while maintaining equivalent levels of
safety; and
c) help remove trade barriers.
NOTE: ISO/TS 22559‑2 contains global safety parameters
(GSPs) for lifts (elevators) that should further assist in the use
and implementation of the GESRs specified in this standard.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

79

 
Table C.2 (continued)

80
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

Clause
5.1.4
The GESRs contained in this standard shall be followed wher-
ever possible. However, given the present state of the art, the
objectives that the GESRs specify are sometimes unattaina-
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

ble. In such cases, the lift or its components shall be designed

and built in such a way as to approximate to those objectives
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

Clause
to the greatest possible extent.

5.2.4.1
GESRs are not “protective measures” in terms of ISO 14798.
A GESR states only the safety objective; it does not specify
how to achieve the objective. Therefore, when designing a lift,
appropriate components and functions shall be selected in
terms of parameters such as size, dimensions, strength, force,
energy, material, acceleration, reliability of performance of
safety-related parts, etc., as applicable, and their ability to
eliminate or sufficiently mitigate risks to achieve compliance
with the objective specified in the GESR shall be established.
NOTE: For more details on safety parameters in relation to

GESR LCU support/suspension

GESRs see ISO/TS 22559‑2

6.4.2


Means shall be provided to support the fully loaded LCU and
reasonably foreseeable overload.
NOTE: This addresses the strength and failure of the suspen-
sion means when the LCU is loaded with its rated load. It
is, however, understood that the integrity of the lift would
be maintained if the foreseeable overload condition were
reached. The rated performances, however, can be affected if
the rated load is exceeded.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

Annex I 4.1.2.5 Lifting accessories and their compo- Clause

4.1.2.5 nents
0.1
After the publication of parts 1 and 2 of ISO/TR 11071, ISO 22559‑1 addresses the requirements in the following
discrepancies were noted in the lift safety standards, and it ways:
was agreed that there was a need for an ISO publication that
Lifting accessories and their components must be would set global essential safety requirements for lifts (eleva- • See Clause 0.1.
sized with due regard to fatigue and ageing pro- tors). The work, however, could start only after ISO 14798
cesses for a number of operating cycles consistent • See also Clauses 5.1.4, and 5.2.4.1 of ISO 22559‑1.
was completed. This methodology was a critical tool in the

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

with their expected life-span as specified in the development of this ISO document on safety requirements for In formulation of the GESRs, (e.g. 6.4.2) requirements
operating conditions for a given application. lifts. such as those detailed in the MD 4.1.2.5 have been taken
Moreover: into account, however the GESRs have been written in

For lifts in the EU, MD has specific requirements that

performance language.

shall be complied with.

(a) the working coefficient of wire-rope/rope-
end combinations must be chosen in such a way
as to guarantee an adequate level of safety; this
coefficient is, as a general rule, equal to 5. Ropes
must not comprise any splices or loops other than
at their ends;
(b) where chains with welded links are used,
they must be of the short-link type. The working
coefficient of chains must be chosen in such a way


as to guarantee an adequate level of safety; this
coefficient is, as a general rule, equal to 4;
(c) the working coefficient for textile ropes or
slings is dependent on the material, method of
manufacture, dimensions and use. This coef-
ficient must be chosen in such a way as to guaran-
tee an adequate level of safety; it is, as a general
rule, equal to 7, provided the materials used are
shown to be of very good quality and the method
of manufacture is appropriate to the intended
use. Should this not be the case, the coefficient is,
as a general rule, set at a higher level in order to
secure an equivalent level of safety. Textile ropes
and slings must not include any knots, connec-
tions or splicing other than at the ends of the
sling, except in the case of an endless sling;
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

81

 
Table C.2 (continued)

82
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

(d) all metallic components making up, or used

with, a sling must have a working coefficient
chosen in such a way as to guarantee an adequate
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

level of safety; this coefficient is, as a general rule,

equal to 4;
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

(e) the maximum working load of a multilegged

sling is determined on the basis of the working
coefficient of the weakest leg, the number of legs
and a reduction factor which depends on the
slinging configuration;
(f) in order to verify that an adequate working
coefficient has been attained, the manufacturer
or his authorized representative must, for each
type of component referred to in (a), (b), (c) and
(d), perform the appropriate tests or have such

Clause
tests performed.

5.1.4
The GESRs contained in this standard shall be followed wher-
ever possible. However, given the present state of the art, the


objectives that the GESRs specify are sometimes unattaina-
ble. In such cases, the lift or its components shall be designed
and built in such a way as to approximate to those objectives

Clause
to the greatest possible extent.

5.2.4.1
GESRs are not “protective measures” in terms of ISO 14798.
A GESR states only the safety objective; it does not specify
how to achieve the objective. Therefore, when designing a lift,
appropriate components and functions shall be selected in
terms of parameters such as size, dimensions, strength, force,
energy, material, acceleration, reliability of performance of
safety-related parts, etc., as applicable, and their ability to
eliminate or sufficiently mitigate risks to achieve compliance
with the objective specified in the GESR shall be established.
NOTE: For more details on safety parameters in relation to
GESRs see ISO/TS 22559‑2.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 4.1.2.6. Control of movements Clause

4.1.2.6 0.1
After the publication of parts 1 and 2 of ISO/TR 11071, ISO 22559‑1 addresses the requirements in the following
discrepancies were noted in the lift safety standards, and it ways:
Devices for controlling movements must act in was agreed that there was a need for an ISO publication that
such a way that the machinery on which they are would set global essential safety requirements for lifts (eleva- • See Clauses 0.1 and 0.2.
installed is kept safe. tors). The work, however, could start only after ISO 14798 • See also Clauses 5.1.4, and 5.2.4.1 of ISO 22559‑1.
(a) Machinery must be designed and constructed was completed. This methodology was a critical tool in the

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

or fitted with devices in such a way that the development of this ISO document on safety requirements for • The application of GERSs 6.4.7 or 6.5.7 adequately
amplitude of movement of its components is kept lifts. addresses the same risks addressed by MD 4.2.1.
within the specified limits. The operation of such In formulation of the GESRs, requirements such as those
devices must, where appropriate, be preceded by detailed in the MD 4.1.2.6 have been taken into account,
a warning. however the GESRs have been written in performance
(b) Where several fixed or rail-mounted machines language. The MD contains specific prescriptive require-
can be manoeuvred simultaneously in the same ments that should be consulted.
place, with risks of collision, such machinery must
be designed and constructed in such a way as
to make it possible to fit systems enabling these
risks to be avoided.
(c) Machinery must be designed and constructed


in such a way that the loads cannot creep danger-
ously or fall freely and unexpectedly, even in
the event of partial or total failure of the power
supply or when the operator stops operating the
machine.
(d) It must not be possible, under normal operat-
ing conditions, to lower the load solely by friction
brake, except in the case of machinery whose
function requires it to operate in that way.
(e) Holding devices must be designed and con-
structed in such a way that inadvertent dropping

Clause
of the loads is avoided.

0.2
The objective of the ISO 22559 series of documents is to:
a) define a common global level of safety for all people
using, or associated with, lifts (elevators);
b) facilitate innovation of lifts (elevators) not
designed according to existing local, national or regional
safety standards, while maintaining equivalent levels of
safety; and
c) help remove trade barriers.
NOTE: ISO/TS 22559‑2 contains global safety parameters
(GSPs) for lifts (elevators) that should further assist in the use
and implementation of the GESRs specified in this standard.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

83

 
Table C.2 (continued)

84
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

Clause
5.1.4
The GESRs contained in this standard shall be followed wher-
ever possible. However, given the present state of the art, the
objectives that the GESRs specify are sometimes unattaina-
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

ble. In such cases, the lift or its components shall be designed

and built in such a way as to approximate to those objectives
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

Clause
to the greatest possible extent.

5.2.4.1
GESRs are not “protective measures” in terms of ISO 14798.
A GESR states only the safety objective; it does not specify
how to achieve the objective. Therefore, when designing a lift,
appropriate components and functions shall be selected in
terms of parameters such as size, dimensions, strength, force,
energy, material, acceleration, reliability of performance of
safety-related parts, etc., as applicable, and their ability to
eliminate or sufficiently mitigate risks to achieve compliance
with the objective specified in the GESR shall be established.
NOTE: For more details on safety parameters in relation to

GESR LCU collision with objects in or beyond the travel path

GESRs see ISO/TS 22559‑2.

6.4.7


Means shall be provided to avoid collision of the LCU with
any equipment in the travel path that could cause injuries to
users.
NOTE: Means should be provided to prevent the LCU from
colliding with any equipment in the well (hoistway). There
should be LCU guards or enclosures of adequate strength to
avoid dangerous deflection due to horizontal forces. Deflec-
tion and deformation of the guards or enclosure should be
limited so that they do not create hazardous situation. This
GESR also addresses cases where the LCU or counterweight
reaches the structural terminals of the well (hoistway). Even-

GESR LCU movement under control of an authorized person

tual impact should be buffered so that it is not harmful.

6.5.7 Only authorized persons shall be provided with means to pre-

vent or to enable the movement of the LCU when they are in
the travel path. When an authorized person is within reach of
unprotected moving parts of the lift, that person shall be able
to prevent or activate movement of the lift equipment.
NOTE: Equipment includes all possible moving parts, such as
the LCU, counterweight.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 4.1.2.8.2. Access to the carrier GESR Access and egress

4.1.2.8.2 6.3.1
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Where persons have access to the carrier, the Safe means of access and egress shall be provided to the LCU
machinery must be designed and constructed in at landings.
such a way as to ensure that the carrier remains
stationary during access, in particular while it is NOTE: This is applicable to the process of entering and leav-
ing the LCU during normal use of the lift. It suggests that

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

being loaded or unloaded.
adequate spaces, dimensions, instructions and correct rela-

GESR Alignment of the LCU and the landing

tive positioning of the LCU at the landing should be provided.

6.3.3 When users enter or exit the LCU, its platform and the landing
floor shall be substantially aligned.
NOTE: The step caused by the variation of the LCU load
should be limited to avoid stumbling on the part of users; the
step should be small enough to allow safe access for all users,

GESR Uncontrolled movement of the LCU

including persons with impaired mobility.

6.4.6


Means shall be provided to limit uncontrolled movement of
the LCU.
NOTE: This GESR aims to protect against the effects resulting
from the movement of LCU at a speed exceeding the designed
speed and also to prevent effects resulting from unexpected
starts of LCU movement. Examples of such occurrences
are: travel of the LCU towards terminal landings at speed
exceeding its rated speed, or movement of the LCU away from
a landing when doors are open and users are entering or
exiting. An example of the foreseeable failures that can cause
such occurrences is the breakdown in lift components such as

ANNEX I 4.2.1. Control of movements Clause

speed control, or drive or braking system.

4.2.1 0.1
After the publication of parts 1 and 2 of ISO/TR 11071, ISO 22559‑1 addresses the requirements in the following
discrepancies were noted in the lift safety standards, and it ways:
Hold-to-run control devices must be used to was agreed that there was a need for an ISO publication that
control the movements of the machinery or its would set global essential safety requirements for lifts (eleva- • See Clauses 0.1 and 0.2.
equipment. However, for partial or complete tors). The work, however, could start only after ISO 14798
movements in which there is no risk of the load or • See also Clauses 5.1.4, and 5.2.4.1 of ISO 22559‑1.
was completed. This methodology was a critical tool in the
the machinery colliding, the said devices may be development of this ISO document on safety requirements for • The application of GERSs 6.4.7 or 6.5.7 adequately
replaced by control devices authorising automatic lifts. addresses the same risks addressed by MD 4.2.1.
stops at pre-selected positions without the opera-
tor holding a hold-to-run control device.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

85

 
Table C.2 (continued)

86
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

Clause
0.2
The objective of the ISO 22559 series of documents is to:
a) define a common global level of safety for all people
using, or associated with, lifts (elevators);
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

b) facilitate innovation of lifts (elevators) not

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

designed according to existing local, national or regional

safety standards, while maintaining equivalent levels of
safety; and
c) help remove trade barriers.
NOTE: ISO/TS 22559‑2 contains global safety parameters
(GSPs) for lifts (elevators) that should further assist in the use

Clause
and implementation of the GESRs specified in this standard.

5.1.4
The GESRs contained in this standard shall be followed wher-
ever possible. However, given the present state of the art, the
objectives that the GESRs specify are sometimes unattaina-
ble. In such cases, the lift or its components shall be designed
and built in such a way as to approximate to those objectives

Clause


to the greatest possible extent.

5.2.4.1
GESRs are not “protective measures” in terms of ISO 14798.
A GESR states only the safety objective; it does not specify
how to achieve the objective. Therefore, when designing a lift,
appropriate components and functions shall be selected in
terms of parameters such as size, dimensions, strength, force,
energy, material, acceleration, reliability of performance of
safety-related parts, etc., as applicable, and their ability to
eliminate or sufficiently mitigate risks to achieve compliance
with the objective specified in the GESR shall be established.
NOTE: For more details on safety parameters in relation to

GESR LCU collision with objects in or beyond the travel path

GESRs see ISO/TS 22559‑2.

6.4.7 Means shall be provided to avoid collision of the LCU with

any equipment in the travel path that could cause injuries to
users.
NOTE: Means should be provided to prevent the LCU from
colliding with any equipment in the well (hoistway). There
should be LCU guards or enclosures of adequate strength to
avoid dangerous deflection due to horizontal forces. Deflec-
tion and deformation of the guards or enclosure should be
limited so that they do not create hazardous situation. This
GESR also addresses cases where the LCU or counterweight
reaches the structural terminals of the well (hoistway). Even-
tual impact should be buffered so that it is not harmful.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

GESR LCU movement under control of an authorized person

6.5.7 Only authorized persons shall be provided with means to pre-
vent or to enable the movement of the LCU when they are in
the travel path. When an authorized person is within reach of
unprotected moving parts of the lift, that person shall be able

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

to prevent or activate movement of the lift equipment.
NOTE: Equipment includes all possible moving parts, such as

ANNEX I 4.3.1. Chains, ropes and webbing Not

the LCU, counterweight.

4.3.1 Addressed
Outside scope of ISO 22559‑1. Administrative require-
ments covered by ISO/TS 22559 −3 and −4.
Each length of lifting chain, rope or webbing not
forming part of an assembly must bear a mark or,
where this is not possible, a plate or irremovable
ring bearing the name and address of the manu-
facturer or his authorized representative and the
identifying reference of the relevant certificate.
The certificate mentioned above must show at


least the following information:
(a) the name and address of the manufacturer
and, if appropriate, his authorized representative;
(b) a description of the chain or rope which
includes:
- its nominal size,
- its construction,
- the material from which it is made, and
- any special metallurgical treatment applied to
the material;
(c) the test method used;
(d) the maximum load to which the chain or rope
should be subjected in service. A range of values
may be given on the basis of the intended applica-
tions.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

87

 
Table C.2 (continued)

88
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

ANNEX I 6.1.1 Mechanical strength Clause

6.1.1 0.1
After the publication of parts 1 and 2 of ISO/TR 11071, ISO 22559‑1 addresses the requirements in the following
discrepancies were noted in the lift safety standards, and it ways:
The carrier, including any trapdoors, must be was agreed that there was a need for an ISO publication that
designed and constructed in such a way as to • See Clauses 0.1 and 0.2.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

would set global essential safety requirements for lifts (eleva-

offer the space and strength corresponding to the tors). The work, however, could start only after ISO 14798 • See also Clauses 5.1.4, and 5.2.4.1 of ISO 22559‑1.
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

maximum number of persons permitted on the was completed. This methodology was a critical tool in the
carrier and the maximum working load. development of this ISO document on safety requirements for In formulation of the GESRs, (e.g. 6.4.2) requirements
The working coefficients for components set out lifts. such as those detailed in the MD 6.1.1 have been taken
in sections 4.1.2.4 and 4.1.2.5 are inadequate for into account, however the GESRs have been written in

However, for lifts in the EU, MD has specific require-

machinery intended for the lifting of persons and performance language.

ments that shall be complied with.

must, as a general rule, be doubled. Machinery
intended for lifting persons or persons and goods
must be fitted with a suspension or supporting
system for the carrier designed and constructed
in such a way as to ensure an adequate overall
level of safety and to prevent the risk of the car-
rier falling.
If ropes or chains are used to suspend the carrier,
as a general rule, at least two independent ropes


or chains are required, each with its own anchor-

Clause
age.

0.2
The objective of the ISO 22559 series of documents is to:
a) define a common global level of safety for all people
using, or associated with, lifts (elevators);
b) facilitate innovation of lifts (elevators) not
designed according to existing local, national or regional
safety standards, while maintaining equivalent levels of
safety; and
c) help remove trade barriers.
NOTE: ISO/TS 22559‑2 contains global safety parameters
(GSPs) for lifts (elevators) that should further assist in the use

Clause
and implementation of the GESRs specified in this standard

5.1.4
The GESRs contained in this standard shall be followed wher-
ever possible. However, given the present state of the art, the
objectives that the GESRs specify are sometimes unattaina-
ble. In such cases, the lift or its components shall be designed
and built in such a way as to approximate to those objectives
to the greatest possible extent.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

Clause
5.2.4.1
GESRs are not “protective measures” in terms of ISO 14798.
A GESR states only the safety objective; it does not specify
how to achieve the objective. Therefore, when designing a lift,
appropriate components and functions shall be selected in
terms of parameters such as size, dimensions, strength, force,
energy, material, acceleration, reliability of performance of

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

safety-related parts, etc., as applicable, and their ability to
eliminate or sufficiently mitigate risks to achieve compliance
with the objective specified in the GESR shall be established.
NOTE: For more details on safety parameters in relation to

ANNEX I 6.3.1 Risks due to movements of the carrier GESR Change of speed or acceleration
GESRs see ISO/TS 22559‑2

6.3.1 6.4.9
Equivalent to MD requirements.
Machinery for lifting persons must be designed, Means shall be provided to ensure that any change of speed
constructed or equipped in such a way that the or acceleration of the LCU shall be limited to minimize the
acceleration or deceleration of the carrier does risk of injury to the users.
not engender risks for persons.
NOTE: This covers changes of speed and acceleration of
the LCU for both normal and emergency operations. In the


case of an extreme emergency operation (such as stopping a
free-falling LCU), the possibility of minor injuries could be
tolerated, due to the extremely remote probability of such an

ANNEX I 6.3.2. Risk of persons falling from the carrier GESR Falling from the LCU
occurrence.

6.3.2 6.4.4
Equivalent to MD requirements.
The carrier must not tilt to an extent which Means shall be provided to prevent users from falling from It is understood that MD 6.3.2 addresses falling in or from
creates a risk of the occupants falling, including the LCU. the LCU.
when the machinery and carrier are moving.
NOTE: The requirement could be achieved by guards, barriers The lift is not considered to be a work station, therefore
Where the carrier is designed as a work station, or walls around the perimeter of the LCU platform. Protection the paragraph
provision must be made to ensure stability and to at any opening between the LCU and the well walls that a user
prevent hazardous movements. could pass through is also required by this GESR, typically “Where the carrier is designed as a work station, provi-
the gap between the edges of the LCU and the landing door sion must be made to ensure stability and to prevent
If the measures referred to in section 1.5.15 are panels. hazardous movements” is not applicable.
not adequate, carriers must be fitted with a suf-
ficient number of suitable anchorage points for
the number of persons permitted on the carrier.
The anchorage points must be strong enough for
the use of personal protective equipment against
falls from a height.
Any trapdoor in floors or ceilings or side doors
must be designed and constructed in such a way
as to prevent inadvertent opening and must open
in a direction that obviates any risk of falling,
should they open unexpectedly.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

89

 
Table C.2 (continued)

90
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

GESR LCU horizontal or rotational motion

6.4.8 Horizontal or rotational motion of the LCU shall be limited to
sufficiently mitigate the risk of injury to users and authorized
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

persons.
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

NOTE: Horizontal or rotational free movement of the LCU is

ANNEX I 6.4.1 Risks to persons in or on the carrier GESR Uncontrolled movement of the LCU
to be limited to prevent users from losing balance and falling.

6.4.1 6.4.6
Equivalent to MD requirements.
The carrier must be designed and constructed Means shall be provided to limit uncontrolled movement of
in such a way as to prevent risks due to contact the LCU.
between persons and/or objects in or on the car-
rier with any fixed or moving elements. Where NOTE: This GESR aims to protect against the effects resulting
necessary in order to fulfil this requirement, the from the movement of LCU at a speed exceeding the designed
carrier itself must be completely enclosed with speed and also to prevent effects resulting from unexpected
doors fitted with an interlocking device that pre- starts of LCU movement. Examples of such occurrences
vents hazardous movements of the carrier unless are: travel of the LCU towards terminal landings at speed
the doors are closed. The doors must remain exceeding its rated speed, or movement of the LCU away from
closed if the carrier stops between landings a landing when doors are open and users are entering or


where there is a risk of falling from the carrier. exiting. An example of the foreseeable failures that can cause
such occurrences is the breakdown in lift components such as
The machinery must be designed, constructed speed control, or drive or braking system.
and, where necessary, equipped with devices in
such a way as to prevent uncontrolled upward
or downward movement of the carrier. These
devices must be able to stop the carrier at its
maximum working load and at the foreseeable
maximum speed.
The stopping action must not cause decelera-
tion harmful to the occupants, whatever the load

GESR LCU Collision with objects in or beyond the travel path

conditions.

6.4.7 Means shall be provided to avoid collision of the LCU with

any equipment in the travel path that could cause injuries to
users.
NOTE: Means should be provided to prevent the LCU from
colliding with any equipment in the well (hoistway). There
should be LCU guards or enclosures of adequate strength to
avoid dangerous deflection due to horizontal forces. Deflec-
tion and deformation of the guards or enclosure should be
limited so that they do not create hazardous situation. This
GESR also addresses cases where the LCU or counterweight
reaches the structural terminals of the well (hoistway). Even-
tual impact should be buffered so that it is not harmful.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

GESR LCU movement under control of an authorized person

6.5.7 Only authorized persons shall be provided with means to pre-
vent or to enable the movement of the LCU when they are in
the travel path. When an authorized person is within reach of
unprotected moving parts of the lift, that person shall be able

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

to prevent or activate movement of the lift equipment.
NOTE: Equipment includes all possible moving parts, such

GESR Uncontrolled or unintended equipment movement inside

as the LCU, counterweight.

the well (hoistway)

6.5.8
Means shall be provided to protect authorized persons
against effects related to uncontrolled or unintended move-
ment of equipment inside the well (hoistway). Any accelera-
tion or deceleration to which an authorized person is sub-
jected as a result of uncontrolled or unintended movement
shall be limited to sufficiently mitigate the risk of harm.


NOTE: If the contact with lift components whose unintended
or uncontrolled movement can be harmful, authorized
persons should be provided with means to mitigate such risk,
such as controls over equipment movement or permanently
available screens that separate the moving parts from the
working area to guard against accidental contact. “Equip-
ment” includes all possible moving parts, such as the LCU,
counterweight.
NOTE: If the contact with lift components whose uncon-
trolled or unintended movement can be harmful, authorized
persons should be provided with means to mitigate such risk,
such as controls over equipment movement or permanently
available screens that separate the moving parts from the
working area to guard against accidental contact. “Equip-
ment” includes all possible moving parts, such as the LCU,

ANNEX I 6.4.3 Access to the carrier GESR Access and egress

counterweight.

6.4.3 6.3.1
Equivalent to MD requirements.
The guards at the landings and on the carrier Safe means of access and egress shall be provided to the LCU
must be designed and constructed in such a way at landings.
as to ensure safe transfer to and from the carrier,
taking into consideration the foreseeable range of NOTE: This is applicable to the process of entering and leav-
goods and persons to be lifted. ing the LCU during normal use of the lift. It suggests that
adequate spaces, dimensions, instructions and correct rela-
tive positioning of the LCU at the landing should be provided.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

91

 
Table C.2 (continued)

92
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

GESR Alignment of the LCU and the landing

6.3.3 When users enter or exit the LCU, its platform and the landing
floor shall be substantially aligned.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

NOTE: The step caused by the variation of the LCU load

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

should be limited to avoid stumbling on the part of users; the

step should be small enough to allow safe access for all users,

ANNEX I 6.5 Markings Clause

including persons with impaired mobility.

6.5 0.1
After the publication of parts 1 and 2 of ISO/TR 11071, ISO 22559‑1 addresses these requirements in the follow-
discrepancies were noted in the lift safety standards, and it ing ways:
The carrier must bear the information necessary was agreed that there was a need for an ISO publication that
to ensure safety including: would set global essential safety requirements for lifts (eleva- • See Clauses 0.1 and 0.2.
— the number of persons permitted on the car- tors). The work, however, could start only after ISO 14798 • See also Clauses 5.1.4, and 5.2.4.1 of ISO 22559‑1.
rier, was completed. This methodology was a critical tool in the
development of this ISO document on safety requirements for • In the formulation of the GESRs, requirements such
— the maximum working load. lifts. as those detailed in the MD 6.5, have been taken into

However, for lifts in the EU, MD has specific require-

account. See GESR 6.4.2 and 6.4.3.

ments that shall be complied with.


Clause
0.2
The objective of the ISO 22559 series of documents is to:
a) define a common global level of safety for all people
using, or associated with, lifts (elevators);
b) facilitate innovation of lifts (elevators) not
designed according to existing local, national or regional
safety standards, while maintaining equivalent levels of
safety; and
c) help remove trade barriers.
NOTE: ISO/TS 22559‑2 contains global safety parameters
(GSPs) for lifts (elevators) that should further assist in the use

Clause
and implementation of the GESRs specified in this standard.

5.1.4
The GESRs contained in this standard shall be followed wher-
ever possible. However, given the present state of the art, the
objectives that the GESRs specify are sometimes unattaina-
ble. In such cases, the lift or its components shall be designed
and built in such a way as to approximate to those objectives
to the greatest possible extent.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 Table C.2 (continued)
Machine Directive 2006/42/EC Formulation GESR/ Commentary on compliance
2006/42/EC Formulation
Clause
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with Machinery Directive

Clause
5.2.4.1
GESRs are not “protective measures” in terms of ISO 14798.
A GESR states only the safety objective; it does not specify
how to achieve the objective. Therefore, when designing a lift,
appropriate components and functions shall be selected in
terms of parameters such as size, dimensions, strength, force,
energy, material, acceleration, reliability of performance of

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

safety-related parts, etc., as applicable, and their ability to
eliminate or sufficiently mitigate risks to achieve compliance
with the objective specified in the GESR shall be established.
NOTE: For more details on safety parameters in relation to

GESR LCU support/suspension

GESRs see ISO/TS 22559‑2.

6.4.2 Means shall be provided to support the fully loaded LCU and
reasonably foreseeable overload.
NOTE: This addresses the strength and failure of the suspen-
sion means when the LCU is loaded with its rated load. It
is, however, understood that the integrity of the lift would


be maintained if the foreseeable overload condition were
reached. The rated performances, however, can be affected if

GESR Overloaded LCU

the rated load is exceeded.

6.4.3 Means shall be provided to prevent an overloaded LCU from

attempting to move away from a landing.
NOTE: In this context “to prevent from attempting to move
away from a landing” means that the drive system of hoisting
machine will not be activated. When the overload condition is
detected, no command will be processed. This does not cover
ropes stretch, loss of traction, etc. It is, however, understood
that the integrity of the lift would be maintained if the fore-
seeable overload condition were reached.
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

93

 
Table C.3 — GESRs listed in ISO 22559‑1 not clearly addressed by the EHSRs of Lifts Directive 95/16/EC and relevant EHSRs of Machinery

94
Directive 2006/42/EC
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC GESR Commentary on compliance
Lifts Directive 95/16/EC
Comparison of ISO 22559‑1:2014 with

See - LD Annex I PR 1 6.1.12 In areas subject to earthquake, means shall be pro-

vided to minimize the risk to users, when inside the
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

LCU, and authorized persons, of the foreseeable effects

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

of earthquakes on the lift equipment.

See - LD Annex I PR 1 6.4.13 Where there is a risk that the LCU could descend into
a flooded area, means shall be provided to detect and
prevent descent into a flooded area.
Note: LD does not cover partially enclosed LCU. 6.4.14 Means, located inside the LCU, of intentionally inter-
rupting the movement of the LCU by the user shall
A risk assessment must be performed for any spe- only be allowed, if necessary, on lifts with a partially
cial application – the means allowing intentional enclosed LCU or lifts for special applications.
interruption of the movement is a specific safety
measure.


© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
 Table C.4 — Relationship between the GESRs of ISO 22559‑1 and the Essential Health and Safety Requirements of the Lifts Directive 95/16/
EC and the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC
Essential Health and Safety requirement Essential Health and Safety requirement
of the Lifts directive 95/16/EC of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC
Clause(s)/Subclause(s) of ISO 22559‑1

6.1 Common GESRs related to persons at different locations

    6.1.1 Supports for lift equipment Annex I / 1.3 Annex I / 1.3.2
Annex I / 4.8 Annex I / 4.1.2.3

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

    6.1.2 Lift maintenance and repair instructions Annex I / 6.1 Annex I / 1.3.2
Annex I / 6.2 Annex I / 1.6.1
    6.1.3 Equipment inaccessible to users and non-users Annex I / 1.5.2 Annex I / 1.7.1.2
Annex I / 2.1
    6.1.4 Floors of the LCU and working areas Annex I / 1.3.4
Annex I / 1.5.15
    6.1.5 Hazards due to relative movement Annex I / 2.3 Annex I / 1.3.7
Annex I / 3.1 Annex I / 1.3.8


Annex I / 4.3 Annex I / 1.4
Annex I / 4.1.2.2
    6.1.6 Locking landing doors and closing LCU doors Annex I / 2.3
Annex I / 3.1
    6.1.7 Evacuation Annex I / 4.4 Annex I / 1.5.14
Annex I / 5.2
    6.1.8 Sharp edges Annex I / 1.3.4
    6.1.9 Hazards arising from the risk of electrical shock Annex I / 1.5.1
    6.1.10 Electromagnetic compatibility Annex I / 1.5.10
Annex I / 1.5.12
    6.1.11 Illumination of the LCU and the landings Annex I / 4.8 Annex I / 1.1.4
    6.1.12 Effects of earthquakes
    6.1.13 Hazardous materials Annex I / 1.1.3
Annex I / 1.5.6
Annex I / 1.5.13

6.2 GESRs related to persons adjacent to the lift

    6.1.14 Environmental influences Annex I / 4.6 Annex I / 1.5.11
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

95

 
Table C.4 (continued)

96
Essential Health and Safety requirement Essential Health and Safety requirement
of the Lifts directive 95/16/EC of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC
Clause(s)/Subclause(s) of ISO 22559‑1

6.3 GESRs related to persons at the entrances

    6.2.1 Falling into the well (hoistway) Annex I / 2.3
BS ISO 22559-1:2014

    6.3.1 Access and egress Annex I / 4.1 Annex I / 4.1.2.8.2

ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

Annex I / 6.4.3
    6.3.2 Horizontal sill-to-sill gap Annex I / 1.5.15
    6.3.3 Alignment of the LCU and the landing Annex I / 1.5.15
Annex I / 4.1.2.8.2
Annex I / 6.4.3
    6.3.4 Self-evacuation from the LCU Annex I / 5.2
    6.3.5 Gap between the landing doors and the LCU doors Annex I / 1.5.15

6.4 GESRs related to persons in the LCU

    6.3.6 Means to reopen doors when the LCU is at the landing Annex I / 4.1


    6.4.1 Size and strength Annex I / 1.2
Annex I / 1.3
    6.4.2 LCU support/suspension Annex I / 1.3 Annex I / 4.1.2.4
Annex I / 6.1.1
    6.4.3 Overloaded LCU Annex I / 1.4.1
    6.4.4 Falling from the LCU Annex I / 3.1 Annex I / 6.3.2
    6.4.5 LCU travel path limits Annex I / 3.3
    6.4.6 Uncontrolled movement of the LCU Annex I / 1.4.2 Annex I / 1.2.1
Annex I / 1.4.3 Annex I / 4.1.2.8.2
Annex I / 3.2 Annex I / 6.4.1
    6.4.7 LCU collision with objects in or beyond the travel path Annex I / 4.3 Annex I / 4.2.1
Annex I / 4.1.2.6
Annex I / 6.4.1
    6.4.8 LCU horizontal or rotational motion Annex I / 6.3.2 Annex I / 4.1.2.2
    6.4.9 Change of speed or acceleration Annex I / 1.4.2 Annex I / 1.2.1
Annex I / 1.4.3 Annex I / 6.3.1

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Annex I / 3.2
 Table C.4 (continued)
Essential Health and Safety requirement Essential Health and Safety requirement
of the Lifts directive 95/16/EC of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC
Clause(s)/Subclause(s) of ISO 22559‑1

    6.4.10 Objects falling on the LCU Annex I / 1.3.3 Annex I / 6.4.1

    6.4.11 LCU ventilation Annex I / 4.7
    6.4.12 Fire/smoke in the LCU Annex I / 1.5.6
    6.4.13 LCU in flooded areas

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

    6.4.14 Stopping means inside the LCU

6.5 GESRs related to persons in working areas

    6.4.15 Landing and controls indication Annex I / 1.6.2

    6.5.1 Working area(s) or space(s) Annex I / 1.1.6

    6.5.2 Accessible equipment Annex I / 2.1 Annex I / 1.6.2
    6.5.3 Access to and egress from working spaces in the well Annex I / 1.6.2
(hoistway)
    6.5.4 Strength of working area(s) Annex I / 4.1.2.3


    6.5.5 Restrictions on equipment in lift spaces Article 2 / Clause 3
    6.5.6 Falling from working areas Annex I / 1.5.15
    6.5.7 LCU movement under control of an authorized person Annex I / 1.5.2 Annex I / 1.2.2
Annex I / 4.1.2.6
Annex I / 4.2.1
Annex I / 6.4.1
    6.5.8 Uncontrolled or unintended equipment movement inside Annex I / 1.2.1
the well (hoistway)
Annex I / 1.3.7
Annex I / 6.4.1
    6.5.9 Means of protection from various hazards Annex I / 1.7.1.2 Annex I / 1.5.5
Annex I / 2.2
    6.5.10 Falling objects in the well (hoistway) Annex I / 1.3.3
    6.5.11 Electric shock in working spaces Annex I / 1.5.2 Annex I / 1.5.1
    6.5.12 Illumination of working spaces Annex I / 1.1.4
BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)

97

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


Bibliography

[1] ISO 4190‑1:2010, Lift (Elevator) installation — Part 1: Class I, II, III and VI lifts
[2] ISO 4190‑2:2001, Lift (US: Elevator) installation — Part 2: Class IV lifts
[3] ISO 4190‑5:2006, Lift (Elevator) installation — Part 5: Control devices, signals and additional
fittings
[4] ISO/TR 11071‑1:2004, Comparison of worldwide lift safety standards — Part 1: Electric lifts
(elevators)
[5] ISO/TR 11071‑2:2006, Comparison of worldwide lift safety standards — Part 2: Hydraulic lifts
(elevators)
[6] ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction
[7] ISO 14798:2009, Lifts (elevators), escalators and moving walks — Risk assessment and reduction
methodology
[8] ISO/TS 22559‑2:2010, Safety requirements for lifts (elevators) — Part 2: Safety parameters meeting
the global essential safety requirements (GESRs)
[9] ISO/TS 22559‑3:2011, Safety requirements for lifts (elevators) — Part 3: Global conformity
assessment procedures (GCAP) — Prerequisites for certification of conformity of lift systems, lift
components and lift functions
[10] ISO/TS 22559‑4:2011, Safety requirements for lifts (elevators) — Part 4: Global conformity
assessment procedures (GCAP) — Certification and accreditation requirements
[11] EN 1050:1997, Safety of machinery — Principles for risk assessment
[12] EN 81‑1:1998, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts — Part 1: Electric lifts
[13] EN 81‑2:1998, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts — Part 2: Hydraulic lifts
[14] ASME A17.1:2010/CSA B44-10, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators
[15] ASME A17.7:2007/CSA B44.7-07, Performance-based Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators
[16] BSLJ (Building Standard Law of Japan), Enforcement Order, Article 129 and Notifications
[17] Lifts Directive (95/16/EC), European Parliament and Council Directive 95/16/EC of 29 June 1995
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to lifts
[18] Guide to application of the Lifts Directive (95/16/EC)
[19] Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC), Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC
[20] Guide to application of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, 2nd Edition June 2010
[21] Directive EMC (2004/108/EC), Directive 2004/108/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 15 December 2004 on the approximation of the laws of the Member states relating to
electromagnetic compatibility and repealing Directive 89/336/EC
[22] Guide to the implementation of directives based on the New Approach and the Global Approach
[23] 93/68/EEC: CE Conformance Marking Directive

98  © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

 BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


[24] Guidance on the implications of the ISO Global Relevance policy for CEN standardization (Edition
2, 25th August 2006)

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved  99

BS ISO 22559-1:2014
ISO 22559-1:2014(E)


ICS 91.140.90
Price based on 99 pages

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved 

This page deliberately left blank
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

British Standards Institution (BSI)

BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other
standards-related publications, information and services.
BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter. British Standards and other standardization
products are published by BSI Standards Limited.

About us Revisions
We bring together business, industry, government, consumers, innovators Our British Standards and other publications are updated by amendment or revision.
and others to shape their combined experience and expertise into standards We continually improve the quality of our products and services to benefit your
-based solutions. business. If you find an inaccuracy or ambiguity within a British Standard or other
The knowledge embodied in our standards has been carefully assembled in BSI publication please inform the Knowledge Centre.
a dependable format and refined through our open consultation process.
Organizations of all sizes and across all sectors choose standards to help Copyright
them achieve their goals. All the data, software and documentation set out in all British Standards and
other BSI publications are the property of and copyrighted by BSI, or some person
Information on standards or entity that owns copyright in the information used (such as the international
We can provide you with the knowledge that your organization needs standardization bodies) and has formally licensed such information to BSI for
to succeed. Find out more about British Standards by visiting our website at commercial publication and use. Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs
bsigroup.com/standards or contacting our Customer Services team or and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
Knowledge Centre. or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, photocopying, recording
or otherwise – without prior written permission from BSI. Details and advice can
Buying standards be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Department.
You can buy and download PDF versions of BSI publications, including British
and adopted European and international standards, through our website at Useful Contacts:
bsigroup.com/shop, where hard copies can also be purchased. Customer Services
If you need international and foreign standards from other Standards Development Tel: +44 845 086 9001
Organizations, hard copies can be ordered from our Customer Services team. Email (orders): orders@bsigroup.com
Email (enquiries): cservices@bsigroup.com
Subscriptions
Subscriptions
Our range of subscription services are designed to make using standards
Tel: +44 845 086 9001
easier for you. For further information on our subscription products go to
Email: subscriptions@bsigroup.com
bsigroup.com/subscriptions.
With British Standards Online (BSOL) you’ll have instant access to over 55,000 Knowledge Centre
British and adopted European and international standards from your desktop. Tel: +44 20 8996 7004
It’s available 24/7 and is refreshed daily so you’ll always be up to date. Email: knowledgecentre@bsigroup.com
You can keep in touch with standards developments and receive substantial
Copyright & Licensing
discounts on the purchase price of standards, both in single copy and subscription
format, by becoming a BSI Subscribing Member. Tel: +44 20 8996 7070
Email: copyright@bsigroup.com
PLUS is an updating service exclusive to BSI Subscribing Members. You will
automatically receive the latest hard copy of your standards when they’re
revised or replaced.
To find out more about becoming a BSI Subscribing Member and the benefits
of membership, please visit bsigroup.com/shop.
With a Multi-User Network Licence (MUNL) you are able to host standards
publications on your intranet. Licences can cover as few or as many users as you
wish. With updates supplied as soon as they’re available, you can be sure your
documentation is current. For further information, email bsmusales@bsigroup.com.

BSI Group Headquarters

389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL UK