12th COMPUTER SCIENCE ONE MARKS CHAPTER [1-16]

1. Small section of code - Subroutines.

2. Unit of code - Functions.
3. Distinct Syntactic block - Definition.
4. Function definition(variables) - parameters.
5. Function definition(values) - Arguments.
6. Function definition(mandatory) - Parentheses.
7. Defines what object can do - Interface.
8. Carries out instruction defined in interface - Implementation.
9. Gives exact result - pure function.
10. Cause side effects - Impure function.
11. Function which calls itself - Recursive function.
12. All function definitions - Static.
13. Built ADT - constructor.
14. Retrieve information from ADT - Selector.
15. Mutable - list and set.
16. Immutable - tuples and string.
17. Datatype representation[known] - Concrete datatype.
18. Datatype representation[unknown] - Abstract datatype.
19. Compound structure - pair.
20. Bundling 2 values together - pair.
21. Naming multi- item object - classes.
22. Placing expression within square bracket - list.
23. Visibility - scope.
24. Binding variable name with object - Mapping.
25. Mapping[symbol] - =
26. Variable defined in current function - local scope.
27. Variable declared outside of all function - global scope.
28. Function within another function - Nested (or) enclosed scope.
29. Pre loaded program - Builtin scope.
30. Security technique to regulate resource - Access control.
31. Member accessible within class - private members.
32. Member accessible outside class - public members.
33. Member accessible within class and subclasses - protected members.
34. Al Khowarizmi [Persian mathematician] - Algorithm.
35. Minimum no. of swap - Selection sort.
36. Not a stable sort - Selection sort.
37. Efficiency of an algorithm - Time and space.
38. Complexity of Linear search - O(n)
39. Lowest worst case - merge sort.
40. Best case - Big Ω
41. Worst case - Big O
42. Average case - Big O
43. Linear search - Sequential search
44. Binary search - Half interval search
45. Way of defining algorithm - Algorithmic strategy
46. Subproblems [reused several times] - overlapping subproblems.
47. Technique of storing previously calculated values - Memoization.
48. Python developed by - Guido van Rossum(1991).
49. Python interpreter ready - >>>
50. New - ctrl + N.
51. Comments in python - #
52. More than one item - , (comma)
53. Comparative operator - Relational operator.
54. Conditional operator - Ternary operator.
55. Escape sequence - \ (backslash)
56. Tab - \t
57. Newline - \n
58. Carriage return - \r
59. Special words - keywords.
60. Spaces and tab - whitespaces.
61. Multiline comments - ‘’’ ‘’’(triple quote)
62. Control structures - 3
63. elif - else if
64. Indentation - plays a vital role in python.
65. Pass - placeholder.
66. for loop - most comfortable loop.
67. Indentation - 4 spaces.
68. Named block of code - function.
69. Unnamed (or) Anonymous function - Lambda function.
70. Function begin with keyword - def
71. Function definition end with - : (colon)
72. Function exit - return
73. Correct positional order - required arguments.
74. Invoke function by parameter name - keyword arguments.
75. Takes default value in function call - default arguments.
76. Passing more argument than specified(*) - variable length arguments.
77. Value return by a function used as argument for another function - composition.
78. Leap year (condition) - x%4==0
79. Concatenation - +
80. Slicing operator - []
81. Stride - third argument.
82. Exponential notation - %E
83. format() placeholder - {}
84. Subscript - + (or) –
85. Count no. of element in list - len()
86. Add more than one element at end of list - extend()
87. Add one element at end of list - append()
88. To know datatype of python object - type()
89. Include all element of 2 set but not common element - symmetric difference.
90. Key in dictionary - : (colon)
91. Key features of OOPs - classes and object
92. Function inside class - methods.

93. Accessing operator - .

94. Automatically executed when object is created - constructor
95. Constructor - _ _init_ _()
96. Private class(prefixed) - _ _(double underscore)
97. Destructor - _ _del_ _()
98. Process of creating object - instantiation.
99. Condition applied in recursive function - base condition.
100. DBMS - DataBase Management System.
101. RDBMS -Relational DataBase Management System.
102. SQL(orginally) - sequel.
103. SQL(version) - 2008.
104. Table - relation.
105. Row (or) record - tuple
106. Column (or) field - attribute
107. Parent child relationship (or) tree structure - hierarchical(one to many).
108. Relational DB proposed (or) father - EF Codd(1970) Edgar Frank Codd.
109. Select - O
110. Project - π
111. ER model proposed - chen[1976]
112. Organised collection of data - database.
113. Reduce repetition - normalization.
114. GIS - Geographic Information System.
115. IBM data model - Hierarchical data model.
116. DBMS components - 5
117. Data model - 5
118. SQL commands - 5
119. DBMS user - 4
120. Raw fact - data.
121. Formatted data - Information.
122. SQL - Structured Query Language.
123. Manage complete database(takes care of security - DBA
124. Select subset based on condition - select.
125. Vertical subset - project.
126. Data stored - tables.
127. Who store, retrieve, update and delete data - End user.
128. Constraint - condition
129. Constraint applied to individual column - column constraint.
130. Constraint applied to group of column - table constraint.
131. Uniquely identify the record - primary key constraint.
132. No two row have same column - unique constraint.
133. Set a limit value - check constraint.
134. Assigning default value - default constraint.
135. SQL - Structured Query Language.
136. DDL - Data Definition Language.
137. DML - Data Manipulation Language.
138. DCL - Data Control Language.
139. TCL - Transaction Control Language.
140. DQL - Data Query Language.
141. CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE - DDL.
142. INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE - DML.
143. GRANT, REVOKE - DCL.
144. COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT - TCL.
145. SELECT - DQL.
146. DBMS - SQL.
147. RDBMS - MySQL.
148. DISTINCT - Eliminate duplicate rows.
149. CREATE - create table or database.
150. ALTER - Change the structure of table.
151. DROP - Delete the table.
152. TRUNCATE - Remove records and space occupied.
153. DELETE - Remove records but not space occupied.
154. UPDATE - Update the records.
155. INSERT - Populate the rows.
156. GRANT - Grant(giving) permission.
157. REVOKE - Withdraw permission.
158. COMMIT - Save permanent.
159. SAVEPOINT - Save temporarily.
160. ROLLBACK - Restore the database to last commit state.
161. Sort data - ORDER BY.
162. SELECT - queries generated, Display record.
163. WHERE (condition) - ORDER BY.
164. HAVING (condition) - GROUP BY.
165. WAMP - Windows, Apache, MySQL, PHP .
166. Keywords - Special meaning (or) reserved words.
167. Commands - Instruction to DB user.
168. Clauses - Begin with keyword (or) Argument.
169. Argument - values to clauses.
170. CSV - Comma Separated Values, Flat file,
Human readable text file.
171. CSV extension - .csv
172. Excel extension - .xls (or) .xlsv
173. Text file - text mode.
174. Non – text file - Binary mode.
175. next() - skip a row.
176. Line Terminator - terminate a line.
177. reader() - read a csv file.
178. writer() - write a csv file.
179. dictreader() - reading in dictionary.
180. Dictwriter() - writing in dictionary.
181. Changes in existing file (or) adding more data - modification.
182. Default mode - reading in text mode.
183. Sort more than one column - itemgetter.
184. ‘a’ - appending.
185. ‘x’ - exclusive creation.
186. ‘r’ - reading.
187. ‘w’ - writing.
188. ‘+’ - updating.
189. ‘t’ - text mode.
190. ‘b’ - binary mode.
191. Removing white space - skipinitialspace.
192. Importing C++ program in python - wrapping.
193. API - Application Programming Interface.
194. Framework for interfacing python and C++ - Boost.
195. Split program into separate part - Modular programming.
196. Module with windows OS - OS module.
197. Keyword for importing module - import.
198. Error string - args variable.
199. Process image, text, number, scientific data - python.
200. _ _name_ _ - python filename.
201. Statically typed language - C++.
202. Dynamically typed language - python.
203. Interpreted language - python.
204. Glue language - python.
205. Compiler to run C++ on windows - g++.
206. Split command line option and argument - getopt().
207. Command to clear windows screen - cls.
208. Best version of MinGW - W64.
209. Compile and execute C++ program on python - MinGW.
210. Control structure to fetch and traverse record - cursor.
211. Command to perform action - execute.
212. Average - avg().
213. Largest value - max().
214. Smallest value - min().
215. Sqlite - RDBMS.
216. Master table - Sqlite_master.
217. Commonly used statement - SELECT.
218. Return number of rows in table - count().
219. Command to populate table - INSERT.
220. Values cannot be counted - NULL.
221. Modify the value - UPDATE.
222. Command to specify condition - WHERE.
223. Fetch all rows - fetchall()
224. Fetch next row - fetchone()
225. Fetch required number of rows - fetchmany()
226. Displaying table field name - cursor.description
227. Python package(2D graphics) - matplotlib.pyplot
228. Package manager - PIP.
229. -U pip - upgrade PIP to latest version.
230. Run module - F5.
231. Library for creating chart in python - matplotlib
232. Function(line chart) - plt.plot()
233. Function(bar chart) - plt.bar()
234. Function(pie chart) - plt.pie()
235. Plot shows(collection of points) - scatter.
236. Plot shows(series of points) - marker.
237. Represent information in graphics format - infographics.
238. Display function - show()
239. Resources assembled(single unified display) - dashboard.
240. Frequency distribution - histogram.
241. Indicates discontinuity - bar graph.
242. Numerical data - histogram.
243. Categorical data - bar graph.
244. Navigate chart - home.
245. Click and drag graph - pan axis.
246. Various spacing option - configure subplot.
247. Circular graphics - pie chart.
248. Percentage value - autopct
249. Zoom in - left click + drag.
250. Zoom out - right click + drag.