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CAE Lab Manual 16 20

The document outlines a lab exercise for truss analysis using 1D elements, focusing on calculating nodal displacements and element stresses through both hand calculations and software (ANSYS Workbench). It details the theoretical background of trusses, the problem definition, and a step-by-step procedure for modeling and analyzing the truss structure. The aim is to determine forces in truss members, indicating tension or compression, while adhering to specific material properties and geometrical constraints.

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Asma Parkar
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3 views5 pages

CAE Lab Manual 16 20

The document outlines a lab exercise for truss analysis using 1D elements, focusing on calculating nodal displacements and element stresses through both hand calculations and software (ANSYS Workbench). It details the theoretical background of trusses, the problem definition, and a step-by-step procedure for modeling and analyzing the truss structure. The aim is to determine forces in truss members, indicating tension or compression, while adhering to specific material properties and geometrical constraints.

Uploaded by

Asma Parkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MMCOE, Dept. of Mechanical Engg. Computer Aided Engg. Lab.

Title: Truss Analysis using 1D Element


Aim: To determine the nodal displacements, element stresses developed in 1-D Truss by hand
calculation and software tool
Objectives:
1. To obtain the displacements and element stresses in 1D Truss using software tool
2. To obtain the reaction forces at supports in 1D Truss using software tool
Theory:

In axially loaded bars, each node can only have one degree of freedom, i.e., deformation along the
axis. But, in trusses each node has two degrees of freedom, viz. deformations in X and Y directions.
There should be a constraint between the X and Y deformations such that the combined
deformation is along the axis of the element. Therefore, every truss element made up of two nodes,
has four degrees of freedom. And, these four degrees of freedom should be expressible in terms of
only two degrees of freedom along the axis. This is accomplished through the coordinate
transformation.

Fig. 2 Structural Component and FE Idealization


The transformation from {q1 q2 q3 q4} to { 1 2 q′, q′ } can be represented in the matrix form as
below

VISION: Excellence in Mechanical Engineering for global competency and social welfare. Page 10
MMCOE, Dept. of Mechanical Engg. Computer Aided Engg. Lab.

Where

are the direction cosines of the unit vector along the element. The matrix L is the transformation matrix

Problem Definition:

Determine the force in each member of the following truss using ANSYS Workbench. Indicate if
the member is in tension or compression. The cross-sectional area of each member is
0.1 m2, the Young's modulus is 200 x 109 N/m2 and Poisson ratio is 0.3.

Fig. 2 1D Truss Element

VISION: Excellence in Mechanical Engineering for global competency and social welfare. Page 11
MMCOE, Dept. of Mechanical Engg. Computer Aided Engg. Lab.

ANSYS Workbench Procedure: -

A. Pre-Processing

Step I: Create a new design project

1. Click on static structural module, drag and drop it in the workspace


2. Name the project as ‘Truss Analysis using 1D Element’

Step II: Adding materials to the library

3. Right click on Engineering data and select Edit


4. Click on “Click here to add a new material” & give suitable name to the material
5. In tool box under linear elastic select “Isotropic Elasticity”
6. Drag and drop “Isotropic elasticity” in the new defined material
7. Specify the Young’s modulus & Poisson’s ratio of the material.
8. Close the Engineering Data tab and save the project

Step III: Creating the Geometry

9. Right click on geometry and select “New Design Modeler Geometry”


10. Right click on XY plane in tree>look at
11. Select sketching tab>line (Draw vertical line from origin)
12. Click on dimensions>select the line>enter the dimension as 2.8 m
13. Select sketching tab>line (Draw inclined line from origin)
14. Click on dimensions>select the origin & endpoint >enter the vertical dimension as 0.8 m
15. Click on dimensions>select the origin & endpoint >enter the horizontal dimension as 1.5
16. Select sketching tab>line (Draw inclined line to close the sketch)
17. Click on concepts> lines from sketches> (select all lines by pressing control button)>apply
18. Right on-line body in tree>generate
19. Concepts>cross section>rectangular
20. Dimensions > B = 0.5 m > H=0.2 m
21. View>cross section solids
22. Capture image of generated body
23. Click on Save project
24. File>close design modeler

VISION: Excellence in Mechanical Engineering for global competency and social welfare. Page 12
MMCOE, Dept. of Mechanical Engg. Computer Aided Engg. Lab.

Step IV: Creating the Model

1. Right click in “Model”>edit


2. Display>click on thick shells and beams
3. Display>click on cross section
4. In tree, geometry>part>line body> In details of line body, Assignment>mat1
5. In tree, Mesh>right click>generate mesh
6. Save image of mesh
7. In tree, Static structural>right click>insert>fixed support
8. Select vertex filter from workspace
9. Select Point A (i.e. fixed support)>apply
10. In tree, Static structural>right click>insert>displacement
11. Select Point C (i.e. roller support)>apply
12. In details of Displacement> Enter X and Z component as Zero and keep Y component as
Free
13. In tree, Static structural>right click>insert>force
14. Geometry>select point B>apply
15. In details of force> Defined By>Select ‘Components’
16. Enter X and Z component as Zero and Y component as -2800 N

VISION: Excellence in Mechanical Engineering for global competency and social welfare. Page 13
MMCOE, Dept. of Mechanical Engg. Computer Aided Engg. Lab.

17. In tree, Solution>right click>insert>beam tool>beam tool


18. Right Click on Beam tool>insert>Beam tool> deformation>directional>select X axis
component of displacement in orientation
19. Right Click on Beam tool>insert>Beam tool> deformation>directional>select Y axis
component of displacement in orientation
20. Solution>right click>insert>probe>force reaction>boundary conditions>fixed support
21. Solution>right click>insert>probe>force reaction>boundary conditions>displacement
22. Solution>right click>insert>Beam results>Axial Force

B. Solution

1. Right click on solution>Solve>


C. General Postprocessor

1. Take image of solutions using sniffing tool


2. Note the max and min values of direct stress, directional deformation in X & Y axis,
Reactions at fixed & roller support and axial force

Fig. Direct Stress

VISION: Excellence in Mechanical Engineering for global competency and social welfare. Page 14

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