### Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for Scheduling

*Project: Design and Build of Passenger Terminal and Support Facility

Buildings at Dembidolo Airport*

#### **Level 1: Project**

1. **Passenger Terminal Building**

---

#### **Level 2: Major Components**

1. **Substructure (A)**
2. **Superstructure (B)**
3. **Systems & Finishes**
4. **External Works**

---

#### **Level 3: Work Packages & Tasks**

*(Based on Contract Items)*

1. **Substructure (A)**
1.1. **Excavation & Earth Work**
- Site clearance, excavation, backfilling, compaction.
1.2. **Masonry Work**
- Foundation masonry, retaining walls.
1.3. **Concrete Work**
- Footings, slabs, columns (substructure).

2. **Superstructure (B)**
2.1. **Concrete Work (Superstructure)**
- Slabs, beams, columns (above ground).
2.2. **Steel Structure Works**
- Structural steel framing, connections.
2.3. **Block Works**
- Partition walls, internal masonry.
2.4. **Roofing Work**
- Roof structure, waterproofing, insulation.
2.5. **Carpentry & Joinery Works**
- Doors, windows, cabinetry installation.
2.6. **Aluminum Work**
- Curtain walls, cladding, glazing supports.
2.7. **Finishing Works**
- Flooring, tiling, ceiling, drywall.
2.8. **Painting Works**
 - Interior/exterior painting, coatings.
2.9. **Glazing Works**
- Window installation, glass facades.

3. **Systems & Finishes**

3.1. **Sanitary and Mechanical Works**
- Plumbing, piping, drainage systems.
3.2. **Electrotechnical Works (BHS)**
- Baggage handling system (BHS) electricals.
3.3. **Furniture Supply**
- Procurement and installation of fixed furniture.
3.4. **Signage Works**
- Directional, informational signage installation.
3.5. **Electrical Works**
- Lighting, power distribution, switchgear.
3.6. **ICT & SAS Works**
- IT infrastructure, airport-specific systems (e.g., PA, displays).
3.7. **Fire Fighting System**
- Sprinklers, alarms, fire suppression systems.
3.8. **HVAC System Works**
- Ductwork, AHUs, ventilation controls.

4. **External Works**
4.1. **Site Work & Roads**
- Landscaping, internal roads, drainage.
4.2. **Parking Works**
- Staff/passenger parking paving, markings.

---

#### **Level 4: Supporting Phases**

5. **Design Phase**
- Architectural/structural design, MEPF coordination, approvals.
6. **Commissioning & Handover**
- Systems testing, snagging, client training, documentation.
7. **Project Management**
- Planning, procurement, site supervision, cost/schedule control.

---

### **WBS Dictionary Key Details**

| **Task ID** | **Description** | **Predecessors** | **Key De-
pendencies** |
|-------------|----------------------------------|------------------------|-----------------------------
-------------|
| 1.1 | Excavation & Earth Work | Design Approval | Site sur -
vey, permits. |
| 1.3 | Substructure Concrete | 1.1 | Curing period,
inspection. |
| 2.2 | Steel Structure Works | 1.3 | Fabrication lead
time. |
| 2.4 | Roofing Work | 2.2 | Weather-sealing,
safety protocols. |
| 2.7 | Finishing Works | 2.1–2.6 | Dry-in comple -
tion. |
| 3.1 | Sanitary/Mechanical Works | 2.3, 2.7 | Coordina-
tion with electrical/HVAC. |
| 3.8 | HVAC System Works | 3.1, 2.8 | Duct integra -
tion with structure. |
| 4.1 | Site Work & Roads | All above-ground works | Final
grading, utility tie-ins. |
|5 | Design Phase | None | Must precede all
construction. |
|6 | Commissioning | All tasks | Sequential sys -
tem tests (MEPF, ICT, SAS).|

### **Notes for Scheduling**

1. **Critical Path:**
- Substructure (1.1 → 1.3) → Superstructure (2.1 → 2.9) → Systems (3.1 →
3.8).
- External works (4.1–4.2) parallel to finishes.
2. **High-Value Items:**
- Sanitary/Mechanical (20%), Finishing (6%), and Electrical (4%) require
resource prioritization.
3. **Integration Points:**
- **Steel-to-Roof (2.2 → 2.4):** Critical for weather protection.
- **MEPF Coordination (3.1, 3.5, 3.8):** Clash detection in design phase
essential.
4. **Milestones:**
- Substructure completion → Superstructure start → Envelope closure →
Systems installation.

---
This WBS enables granular scheduling using tools like MS Project or Pri-
mavera, with tasks mapped to cost weights (e.g., Sanitary/Mechanical =
20% of budget). Support Facility Buildings can be added as a parallel L2
component once scoped.
### Revised Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) with MEP Phasing
*Project: Design and Build of Passenger Terminal at Dembidolo Airport*
*MEP Systems broken into 1st Fix (Rough-in), 2nd Fix (Installations), 3rd Fix
(Commissioning)*

---

#### **Level 1: Project**

1. **Passenger Terminal Building**

---

#### **Level 2: Major Components**

1. **Substructure**
2. **Superstructure**
3. **MEP Systems**
4. **Finishes & Special Systems**
5. **External Works**

---

### **Level 3: MEP Systems (Detailed Phasing)**

#### **3.1 MEP 1st Fix (Rough-in Works)**
*Work before walls/ceilings closed. Focus: Pathways, supports, hidden
components.*
- **3.1.1 Sanitary Rough-in**
- Underground drainage piping, sewer lines, stub-outs
- **3.1.2 Mechanical Rough-in**
- Chilled water pipes, ductwork sleeves, equipment pads
- **3.1.3 Electrical Rough-in**
- Conduits, cable trays, backboxes, grounding systems
- **3.1.4 HVAC Rough-in**
- Ductwork mains, risers, chiller plant piping
- **3.1.5 Fire Fighting Rough-in**
- Sprinkler mains, risers, valve assemblies
- **3.1.6 ICT/SAS Rough-in**
- Fiber conduits, data trunking, equipment room prep

#### **3.2 MEP 2nd Fix (Installations)**

*Work after structural close-in. Focus: Equipment, fixtures, visible compo-
nents.*
- **3.2.1 Sanitary Installations**
- Above-ground piping, fixtures (sinks/toilets), pumps
- **3.2.2 Mechanical Installations**
- Boilers, AHUs, pumps, VRF units
- **3.2.3 Electrical Installations**
- Switchgear, lighting fixtures, sockets, panels
- **3.2.4 HVAC Installations**
- FCUs, diffusers, grilles, controls wiring
- **3.2.5 Fire Fighting Installations**
- Sprinkler heads, alarms, detectors, hose reels
- **3.2.6 ICT/SAS Installations**
- BHS controls, PA systems, cameras, access points

#### **3.3 MEP 3rd Fix (Commissioning & Finishing)**

*Final connections, testing, and handover.*
- **3.3.1 Systems Testing**
- Pressure tests (pipes), megger tests (wiring), duct balancing
- **3.3.2 Commissioning**
- BHS integration, HVAC balancing, fire drills
- **3.3.3 Client Training**
- O&M manuals, system demonstrations
- **3.3.4 Snagging & Rectification**
- Punch list closure, final adjustments

---

### **Integration with Other WBS Components**

#### **4. Finishes & Special Systems**
- 4.1 Furniture Supply (after MEP 2nd Fix)
- 4.2 Signage Works (after MEP 3rd Fix)
- 4.3 Painting/Glazing (coordinate with MEP rough-in)

#### **5. External Works**

- 5.1 Site Utilities (tie-ins to MEP mains)

---

### **WBS Dictionary: MEP Dependencies**

| **Task ID** | **Description** | **Predecessors** | **Criti-
cal Inputs** |
|-------------|------------------------------|--------------------------------|-------------------------
---------------------|
| 3.1.1 | Sanitary Rough-in | Substructure Concrete (1.3) | Un -
derground survey, pipe bedding |
| 3.1.3 | Electrical Rough-in | Block Works (2.3) | Wall
chase approvals |
| 3.2.2 | HVAC Installations | Roofing Complete (2.4) | Equip -
ment lifting plan |
| 3.2.4 | Fire Fighting Installations | Finishing Works (2.7) | Ceiling
grid layout |
| 3.3.2 | Systems Commissioning | All MEP 2nd Fix, Power On |
Client witness tests |
| 4.1 | Furniture Supply | MEP 2nd Fix, Flooring Complete |
Damage protection protocols |

---

### **MEP Phase Scheduling Logic**

1. **Sequencing:**
```mermaid
graph LR
A[Substructure] --> B[MEP 1st Fix]
B --> C[Superstructure Close-in]
C --> D[MEP 2nd Fix]
D --> E[Finishing Works]
E --> F[MEP 3rd Fix]
F --> G[Handover]
```

2. **Key Overlaps:**
- Electrical Rough-in (3.1.3) runs parallel to HVAC Rough-in (3.1.4)
- Fire Fighting Installations (3.2.4) overlaps with Ceiling Works (2.7)
- BHS Commissioning (3.3.2) requires ICT Systems (4.3) complete

3. **Critical Path Alerts:**

- **HVAC Balancing (3.3.2):** Longest lead time (2-4 weeks)
- **Fire Approval (3.3.2):** Regulatory dependency
- **Sanitary Pressure Tests (3.3.1):** Must precede final flooring

---

### **Resource Allocation Tips**

- **1st Fix:** Civil teams (excavators, pipefitters)
- **2nd Fix:** Specialist technicians (BHS, HVAC controls)
- **3rd Fix:** Commissioning agents + client representatives
- **High-Cost Focus:**
- Sanitary/Mechanical (20% budget): Prioritize pipework crew
- Electrical (4%) + ICT (2%): Dedicated low-voltage teams

---
This phased MEP breakdown enables conflict-free scheduling, aligns with
ISO 21838 standards, and isolates commissioning risks. Support facility
MEP can be added as a parallel stream.