Brightside High School Grade 9

Summer Term Syllabus

Session : 2024 - 2025

English: Paper 1:
●​ Reading Comprehension
●​ Summary Writing
Paper 2:
Directed Writing
Composition Writing
●​ Descriptive Writing
●​ Narrative Writing

Maths: 1.​ Statistical Diagrams Pie Charts,line graph ,bar graph,pictograms,scatter diagrams,
Histograms)
2.​ Statistical Averages ( Mean ,Mode ,Median, range (Grouped Data, Ungrouped Data)
3.​ Quadratic equations ( Quadratic equations (Algebraic Factorization, Completing Square,
Quadratic Formula)
4.​ Functions
5.​ Indices and Standard form
6.​ Algebraic expansion and factorisation
7.​ Algebraic fractions
8.​ Simultaneous equations
9.​ Direct Inverse Proportion
10.​Decimals (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division)
11.​Fractions (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division)
12.​Simple percentages
13.​Surds
14.​Coordinate Geometry
15.​Linear Inequalities
16.​Distance Time Graphs/Speed Time Graphs
17.​Trigonometry
18.​Everyday Math

Urdu: Paper 1 : ​
Exercise 1 : Comprehension passage​
Exercise 2 : Multiple matching ​
Exercise 3 : Note making
Exercise 4 : Summary
Exercise 5 : Functional pose exercises.
●​ E-mail ( Formal/Informal)
●​ Report Writing
●​ Application
 ●​ Letter ( Formal/Informal)

Paper 2 : ​
Exercise 1 : Sentence Transformation
Exercise 2 : Cloze passage
Exercise 3 : Essay writing
Exercise 4 : Translation passage

Geography: Topography
Climate
Water Resources
Forests
Mineral Resources
Fishing
Agriculture Development
Power Resources
Industrial Development

History: Religious Scholars

Religious Scholars
War of Independence
EIC
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Languages
Jinnah/Iqbal and Chaudary Rehmat ali
Pakistan Development 1905 till 1947
New State of pakistan Issues and problems
Role of Jinnah
Liaqat Ali Khan
Malik Ghulam Muhammad’
Iskinder mirza
1956 Constitution
1958-69 Ayub Khan Tenure

Islamiat(P1): Passages 1 - 15
History and Importance of Quran
Makki life
Madni life
Legal Sources Quran ,Quran with Hadith,with Ijma and with Qiyas
First Islamic community
Wives
Descendents Daughters and Grand sons of Holy prophet Imam Hassan and Imam
Hussain
Imams
Prominent companions
Ten blessed companions
Emigrants and Helpers

Islamiat(P2): Ahadith 1-20

History and Importance of Hadith
 Legal Sources Hadith , Hadith with Quran ,with Ijma and with Qiyas
Hazrat Abu Bakr r.a
Hazrat Umer r.a
Articles of Faith -All
Pillars of islam
Shahada
Prayers
Fasting
Zakat
Jihad

Computer: Chapter # 1 : Data Representation

1.1 Number systems
1 Understand how and why computers use binary to represent all forms of data
2 (a) Understand the denary, binary and hexadecimal number systems
(b) Convert between
(i) positive denary and positive binary (ii) positive denary and positive hexadecimal (iii)
positive hexadecimal and positive binary
3 Understand how and why hexadecimal is used as a beneficial method of data representation
4 (a) Add two positive 8-bit binary integers
(b) Understand the concept of overflow and why it occurs in binary addition
5 Perform a logical binary shift on a positive 8-bit binary integer and understand the effect this
has on the positive binary integer
6 Use two’s complement to represent positive and negative 8-bit binary integers
1.2 Text, sound and images
1.Understand how and why a computer represents text and the use of character sets,
includingAmerican standard code for information interchange (ASCII) and Unicode
2 Understand how and why a computer represents sound, including the effects of the sample
rate and sample resolution
3. Understand how and why a computer represents an image, including the effects of the
resolution and colour depth
1.3 Data storage and compression
1.Understand how data storage is measured
2.Calculate the file size of an image file and a sound file, using information given
3.Understand the purpose of and need for data compression
4.Understand how files are compressed using lossy and lossless compression methods

Chapter # 2 : Data Transmission

2.1 Types and methods of data transmission
1 (a) Understand that data is broken down into packets to be transmitted (b)Describe the
structure of a packet
(c) Describe the process of packet switching
2 (a) Describe how data is transmitted from one device to another using different
methods of data transmission
(b) Explain the suitability of each method of data transmission, for a given scenario
3 Understand the universal serial bus (USB)
interface and explain how it is used to transmit
data
2.2 Methods of error detection
1 Understand the need to check for errors after data transmission and how these errors can
occur
2 Describe the processes involved in each of the following error detection methods for detecting
errors in data after transmission: parity check (odd and even), checksum and echo check
3 Describe how a check digit is used to detect errors in data entry and identify examples of
when a check digit is used, including international standard book numbers (ISBN) and barcodes
4 Describe how an automatic repeat query (ARQ) can be used to establish that data is received
without error
2.3 Encryption
1 Understand the need for and purpose of encryption when transmitting data
2 Understand how data is encrypted using symmetric and asymmetric encryption

Chapter # 5 : Internet and its uses

5.1 The internet and the world wide web
1 Understand the difference between the internet and the world wide web
2 Understand what is meant by a uniform resource locator (URL)
3 Describe the purpose and operation of hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) and hypertext
transfer protocol secure (HTTPS)
4 Explain the purpose and functions of a web browser
5 Describe how web pages are located, retrieved and displayed on a device when a user enters a
URL
6 Explain what is meant by cookies and how they are used, including session cookies and
persistent cookies
5.2 Digital currency
1 Understand the concept of a digital currency and how digital currencies are used
2 Understand the process of blockchain and how it is used to track digital currency transactions
5.3 Cyber security
1 Describe the processes involved in, and the aim of carrying out, a range of cyber security
threats
2 Explain how a range of solutions are used to help keep data safe from security threats

Chapter #9 :Databases
1 Define a single-table database from given data storage requirements
2 Suggest suitable basic data types
3 Understand the purpose of a primary key and identify a suitable primary key for a given
database table
4 Read, understand and complete structured query language (SQL) scripts to query data stored
in a single database table

Chapter #10 : Boolean Logic

1 Identify and use the standard symbols for logic gates
2 Define and understand the functions of the logic gates
3 (a) Use logic gates to create given logic circuits
from a:
(i) problem statement (ii) logic expression (iii) truth table
(b) Complete a truth table from a: (i) problem statement (ii) logic expression (iii) logic circuit
(c) Write a logic expression from a: (i) problem statement (ii) logic circuit
(iii) truth table
Chapter # 4 : Software
4.1 Types of software and interrupts
1 Describe the difference between system software
and application software and provide examples of each
2 Describe the role and basic functions of an operating system
3 Understand how hardware, firmware and an operating system are required to run applications
software
4 Describe the role and operation of interrupts
4.2 Types of programming language, translators and integrated development
environments (IDEs)
1 Explain what is meant by a high-level language and a low-level language, including the
advantages and disadvantages of each
2 Understand that assembly language is a form of low-level language that uses mnemonics, and
that an assembler is needed to translate an assembly language program into machine code
3 Describe the operation of a compiler and an interpreter, including how high-level language is
translated by each and how errors are reported
4 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of a compiler and an interpreter
5 Explain the role of an IDE in writing program code and the common functions IDEs provide

Chapter# 7 : Algorithm design and problem solving

1 Understand the program development life cycle, limited to: analysis, design, coding and
testing
2 (a) Understand that every computer system is made up of subsystems, which are made up of
further sub-systems
(b) Understand how a problem can be decomposed into its component parts
(c) Use different methods to design and construct a solution to a problem
3 Explain the purpose of a given algorithm
4 Understand standard methods of solution limited to :
●​ linear search
●​ bubble sort
●​ totalling
●​ Counting
●​ finding maximum, minimum and average values
5 (a)Understand the need for validation checks to be made on input data and the different types
of validation check
Including:
●​ range check
●​ length check
●​ type check
●​ presence check
●​ format check
●​ check digit
●​ the purpose of each validation check and
writing algorithms to implement each validation check

(b) Understand the need for verification checks to be made on input data and the different types
of verification check
Including:
●​ visual check
●​ double entry check
Chemistry: 1 States of matter
1.1 Solids, liquids and gases
1 State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases
2 Describe the structures of solids, liquids and gases in terms of particle separation,
arrangement and motion
3 Describe and explain changes of state (melting, boiling, evaporating, freezing and
condensing) in terms of
kinetic particle theory
4 Interpret and explain heating and cooling curves in terms of kinetic particle theory
5 Describe and explain, in terms of kinetic particle theory, the effects of temperature and
pressure on the volume of a gas
1.2 Diffusion
1 Describe and explain diffusion in terms of kinetic particle theory
2 Describe and explain the effect of relative molecular mass on the rate of diffusion of gases
2 Atoms, elements and compounds
2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures
1 Describe the differences between elements, compounds and mixtures
2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
1 Describe the structure of the atom as a central nucleus containing neutrons and protons
surrounded by electrons in shells
2 State the relative charges and relative masses of a proton, a neutron and an electron
3 Define proton number/ atomic number as the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
4 Define mass number/nucleon number as the total number of protons and neutrons in the
nucleus of an atom
5 Determine the electronic configuration of elements and their ions with proton number 1 to 20,
e.g. 2,8,3
6 State that:
(a) Group VIII noble gases have a full outer shell
(b) the number of outer shell electrons is equal to the group number in Groups I to VII
(c) the number of occupied electron shells is equal to the period number
2.3 Isotopes
1 Define isotopes as different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons
but different numbers of neutrons
2 State that isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties because they have
the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration
3 Interpret and use symbols for atoms, e.g. 12 6C and ions, e.g. 35 17Cl
4 Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element from the relative masses and abundances of
its isotopes
2.4 Ion and ionic bonds
1 Describe the formation of positive ions, known as cations, and negative ions, known as anions
2 Describe the giant lattice structure of ionic compounds as a regular arrangement of alternating
positive and negative ions
3 State that an ionic bond is a strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
4 Describe the formation of ionic bonds between ions of metallic and non-metallic elements,
including the use of dot-and-cross diagrams
5 Describe and explain in terms of structure and bonding the properties of ionic compounds:
(a) high melting points and boiling points
(b) good electrical conductivity when aqueous or molten and poor when solid
 2.5 Simple molecules and covalent bonds
1 State that a covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms
leading to noble gas electronic configurations
2 Describe the formation of covalent bonds in simple molecules, including H2, Cl2, H2O, CH4,
NH3, HCl, CH3OH, C2H4, O2, CO2 and N2. Use dot-and-cross diagrams to show the
electronic configurations in these and similar molecules
3 Describe and explain in terms of structure and bonding the properties of simple molecular
compounds:
(a) low melting points and boiling points in terms of weak intermolecular forces (specific types
of
intermolecular forces are not required)
(b) poor electrical conductivity
2.6 Giant covalent structures
1 Describe the giant covalent structures of graphite, diamond and silicon(IV) oxide, SiO2
2 Relate the structures and bonding of graphite and diamond to their uses, limited to:
(a) graphite as a lubricant and as an electrode
(b) diamond in cutting tools
3 Describe the similarity in properties between diamond and silicon(IV) oxide, related to their
structures
2.7 Metallic bonding
1 Describe metallic bonding as the electrostatic attraction between the positive ions in a giant
metallic
lattice and a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons
2 Explain in terms of structure and bonding the properties of metals:
(a) good electrical conductivity
(b) malleability and ductility
8 The Periodic Table
8.1 Arrangement of elements
1 Describe the Periodic Table as an arrangement of elements in periods and groups and in order
of increasing
proton number/ atomic number
2 Describe the change from metallic to non-metallic character across a period
3 Describe the relationship between group number and the charge of the ions formed from
elements in that group
4 Explain similarities in the chemical properties of elements in the same group of the Periodic
Table in terms of their electronic configuration
5 Explain how the position of an element in the Periodic Table can be used to predict its
properties
6 Identify trends in groups, given information about the elements
8.2 Group I properties
1 Describe the Group I alkali metals, lithium, sodium and potassium, as relatively soft metals
with general
trends down the group, limited to:
(a) decreasing melting point
(b) increasing density
(c) increasing reactivity
2 Predict the properties of other elements in Group I, given information about the elements
8.3 Group VII properties
1 Describe the Group VII halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine, as diatomic non-metals with
general trends
down the group, limited to:
(a) increasing density
(b) decreasing reactivity
2 State the appearance of the halogens at r.t.p. as:
(a) chlorine, a pale yellow-green gas
(b) bromine, a red-brown liquid
(c) iodine, a grey-black solid
3 Describe and explain the displacement reactions of halogens with other halide ions
4 Predict the properties of other elements in Group VII, given information about the elements
8.4 Transition elements
1 Describe the transition elements as metals that:
(a) have high densities
(b) have high melting points
(c) have variable oxidation numbers
(d) form coloured compounds
(e) often act as catalysts as elements and in compounds
8.5 Noble gases
1 Describe the Group VIII noble gases as unreactive, monatomic gases and explain this in terms
of electronic configuration
6 Chemical reactions
6.1 Physical and chemical changes
1 Identify physical and chemical changes, and describe the differences between them
6.2 Rate of reaction
1 Describe collision theory in terms of: (a) number of particles per unit volume (b) frequency
of collisions between particles (c) kinetic energy of particles (d) activation energy, Ea
2 State that a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction, decreases the activation energy, Ea , of a
reaction and is unchanged at the end of a reaction
3 Describe and explain the effect on the rate of reactions of: (a) changing the concentration of
solutions (b) changing the pressure of gases (c) changing the surface area of solids (d) changing
the temperature (e) adding or removing a catalyst, including enzymes using collision theory
4 Describe and evaluate practical methods for investigating the rate of a reaction, including
change in mass of a reactant or a product and the formation of a gas
5 Interpret data, including graphs, from rate of reaction experiments
6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium
1 State that some chemical reactions are reversible as shown by the symbol ⇌
2 Describe how changing the conditions can change the direction of a reversible reaction for:
(a) the effect of heat on hydrated compounds (b) the addition of water to anhydrous compounds
including copper(II) sulfate and cobalt(II) chloride
3 State that a reversible reaction in a closed system is at equilibrium when: (a) the rate of the
forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction (b) the concentrations of reactants
and products are no longer changing
4 Predict and explain, for a reversible reaction, how the position of equilibrium is affected by:
(a) changing temperature (b) changing pressure (c) changing concentration (d) using a catalyst
using information provided
5 State the symbol equation for the production of ammonia in the Haber process, N2(g) +
3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)
6 State the sources of the hydrogen (methane) and nitrogen (air) in the Haber process
7 State the typical conditions in the Haber process as 450°C, 20000kPa /200 atm and an iron
catalyst
8 State the symbol equation for the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in the Contact
process, 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g)
9 State the sources of the sulfur dioxide (burning sulfur or roasting sulfide ores) and oxygen
(air) in the Contact process
10 State the typical conditions for the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in the
Contact process as 450°C, 200kPa /2 atm and a vanadium(V) oxide catalyst
11 Explain, in terms of rate of reaction and position of equilibrium, why the typical conditions
stated are used in the Haber process and in the Contact process, including safety considerations
and economics
6.4 Redox
1 Use a Roman numeral to indicate the oxidation number of an element in a compound
2 Define redox reactions as involving simultaneous reduction and oxidation 3 Define oxidation
in terms of: (a) gain of oxygen (b) loss of electrons (c) an increase in oxidation number
4 Define reduction in terms of: (a) loss of oxygen (b) gain of electrons (c) a decrease in
oxidation number
5 Identify redox reactions as reactions involving gain and loss of oxygen, or gain and loss of
electrons
6 Identify redox reactions by changes in oxidation number using: (a) the oxidation number of
elements in their uncombined state is zero (b) the oxidation number of a monatomic ion is the
same as the charge on the ion (c) the sum of the oxidation numbers in a compound is zero (d)
the sum of the oxidation numbers in an ion is equal to the charge on the ion
7 Identify redox reactions by the colour changes involved when using acidified aqueous
potassium manganate(VII) or aqueous potassium iodide
8 Define an oxidising agent as a substance that oxidises another substance and is itself reduced
9 Define a reducing agent as a substance that reduces another substance and is itself oxidised
10 Identify oxidation, oxidising agents, reduction and reducing agents in redox reactions
12 Experimental techniques and chemical analysis
12.1 Experimental design
1 Name appropriate apparatus for the measurement of time, temperature, mass and volume,
including: (a) stopwatches (b) thermometers (c) balances (d) burettes (e) volumetric pipettes (f)
measuring cylinders (g) gas syringes
2 Suggest advantages and disadvantages of experimental methods and apparatus
3 Describe a: (a) solvent as a substance that dissolves a solute (b) solute as a substance that is
dissolved in a solvent (c) solution as a mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent (d)
saturated solution as a solution containing the maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in
the solvent at a specified temperature (e) residue as a substance that remains after evaporation,
distillation, filtration or any similar process (f) filtrate as a liquid or solution that has passed
through a filter
12.2 Acid–base titrations
1 Describe an acid–base titration to include the use of a: (a) burette (b) volumetric pipette (c)
suitable indicator
2 Describe how to identify the end-point of a titration using an indicator 12.3
Chromatography
1 Describe how paper chromatography is used to separate mixtures of soluble substances,
using a suitable solvent
2 Describe the use of locating agents when separating mixtures containing colourless
substances. Knowledge of specific locating agents is not required 3 Interpret simple
chromatograms to identify: (a) unknown substances by comparison with known substances (b)
pure and impure substances
4 State and use the equation for Rf : Rf = distance travelled by substance/ distance travelled by
solvent
12.4 Separation and purification
1 Describe and explain methods of separation and purification using: (a) a suitable solvent (b)
filtration (c) crystallisation (d) simple distillation (e) fractional distillation
2 Suggest suitable separation and purification techniques, given information about the
substances involved
3 Identify substances and assess their purity using melting point and boiling point information
3 Stoichiometry
3.1 Formulae
1 State the formulae of the elements and compounds named in the subject content
2 Define the molecular formula of a compound as the number and type of different atoms in
one molecule
3 Define the empirical formula of a compound as the simplest whole number ratio of the
different atoms or ions in a compound
4 Deduce the formula of a simple compound from the relative numbers of atoms or ions present
in a model or a diagrammatic representation
5 Deduce the formula of an ionic compound from the charges on the ions
6 Construct word equations, symbol equations and ionic equations to show how reactants form
products, including state symbols
7 Deduce the symbol equation with state symbols for a chemical reaction, given relevant
information
3.2 Relative masses of atoms and molecules
1 Describe relative atomic mass, Ar , as the average mass of the isotopes of an element
compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of 12C
2 Define relative molecular mass, Mr , as the sum of the relative atomic masses. Relative
formula mass, Mr , will be used for ionic compounds
3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant
1 State that the mole, mol, is the unit of amount of substance and that one mole contains 6.02 ×
1023 particles, e.g. atoms, ions, molecules; this number is the Avogadro constant
2 Use the relationship amount of substance (mol) = mass (g) molar mass (g / mol) to calculate:
(a) amount of substance (b) mass (c) molar mass (d) relative atomic mass or relative molecular /
formula mass (e) number of particles, using the value of the Avogadro constant
3 Use the molar gas volume, taken as 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure, r.t.p., in
calculations involving gases
4 State that concentration can be measured in g / dm3 or mol / dm3
5 Calculate stoichiometric reacting masses, limiting reactants, volumes of gases at r.t.p.,
volumes of solutions and concentrations of solutions expressed in g / dm3 and mol / dm3,
including conversion between cm3 and dm3
6 Use experimental data to calculate the concentration of a solution in a titration
7 Calculate empirical formulae and molecular formulae, given appropriate data
8 Calculate percentage yield, percentage composition by mass and percentage purity, given
appropriate data
Biology:
PHYSICS