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Systems_Integration_and_Architecture_1_v2

This document covers Systems Integration and Architecture, detailing their definitions, importance, and real-world applications in IT and Computer Science. It explains core components, types of integration, architecture views, frameworks, and the System Development Life Cycle, along with benefits and challenges. Examples illustrate how different systems can be integrated to enhance efficiency and user experience.

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Camille Andrea P. Paclibar
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6 views3 pages

Systems_Integration_and_Architecture_1_v2

This document covers Systems Integration and Architecture, detailing their definitions, importance, and real-world applications in IT and Computer Science. It explains core components, types of integration, architecture views, frameworks, and the System Development Life Cycle, along with benefits and challenges. Examples illustrate how different systems can be integrated to enhance efficiency and user experience.

Uploaded by

Camille Andrea P. Paclibar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Systems Integration and Architecture 1

This document explains the concepts, principles, and real-world applications of Systems
Integration and Architecture, an essential subject in Information Technology and Computer
Science. It includes detailed definitions, examples, benefits, challenges, and frameworks to
help students understand how complex systems work together as a unified whole.

What is Systems Integration?


Systems Integration is the process of bringing together different computing systems and
software applications—physically or functionally—to act as a coordinated whole.

Example:
A university integrates its student information system (SIS) with an online grading system,
library system, and payment portal. Now students can log into one portal and access grades,
pay tuition, and borrow books—all from integrated systems.

What is Systems Architecture?


Systems Architecture refers to the conceptual design and structure of a system. It defines
the components, how they interact, the technologies used, and how they meet user
requirements.

Example:
For an e-commerce site, the system architecture might include:
- A frontend (React.js web application)
- A backend (Node.js or PHP server)
- A database (MySQL)
- An API to connect to a payment gateway
- A cloud service (AWS or Azure) for deployment

Why Are Integration and Architecture Important?


- They help reduce manual work and duplicate systems.
- Enable seamless user experiences.
- Improve data accuracy across platforms.
- Help businesses grow and scale faster.
- Ensure maintainability, reliability, and security of IT solutions.

Core Components of Systems Integration & Architecture


1. Subsystems: Independent parts like databases, applications, or devices.
Example: In a hospital: billing system, electronic health records, pharmacy management
system.

2. Middleware: Software that connects two or more separate systems or applications.


Example: Apache Kafka, RabbitMQ, or ESB.
3. APIs: Allow systems to communicate and exchange data.
Example: Facebook APIs for login and sharing features.

4. Data Transformation: Converts data for compatibility.


Example: XML to JSON conversion.

5. Security Layers: Protect data using SSL, OAuth, etc.


Example: Google login via OAuth.

Types of System Integration


A. Vertical Integration: Based on functionality.
Example: Warehouse system connects to inventory and orders.

B. Horizontal Integration: Via central interface like ESB.


Example: Hospital systems connected via central bus.

C. Star Integration: Every system connects directly to others.


Problem: Complex as systems increase.

D. Common Data Format: Unified format like XML for all systems.

Architecture Views (4+1 View Model)


- Logical View: Functionality (e.g., UML)
- Development View: Software architecture
- Process View: Runtime behavior
- Physical View: Physical deployment
- Use-Case View: User interaction scenarios

Architecture Frameworks
1. TOGAF – Enterprise design and governance
2. Zachman Framework – Roles and views
3. FEAF – Used in government systems

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and Integration


Integration is essential during stages like:
- System Design: Interfaces
- System Testing: Communication
- Maintenance: Updating modules without breaking others

Real-World Examples of System Integration


Hospital: Data from admissions, lab, pharmacy, and billing
E-Commerce: Inventory, payment gateway, delivery, email
School: Grades, attendance, payment, LMS in one portal
Benefits of Good Architecture and Integration
- Reduces data duplication
- Improves efficiency
- Ensures scalability
- Enhances user satisfaction
- Strengthens security

Challenges in Systems Integration


- Compatibility issues
- Data inconsistency
- Security risks
- High cost
- Maintenance complexity

Summary Table
Term | Meaning | Example
-----|---------|--------
System Integration | Connecting systems to work as one | Payroll system linked with time-
tracker
System Architecture | Blueprint of system design | Banking app with web, server, DB
API | Tool for communication | Facebook Login in apps
Middleware | Bridge connecting systems | Enterprise Service Bus

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