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Process Scheduling

Process scheduling is crucial for efficient task management in operating systems, ensuring fair CPU allocation and minimizing waiting times. Key scheduling algorithms include Round Robin, Shortest Job First, First Come First Served, and Shortest Remaining Time, each with distinct benefits and use cases. Understanding these algorithms helps optimize resource utilization and system responsiveness.

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Process Scheduling

Process scheduling is crucial for efficient task management in operating systems, ensuring fair CPU allocation and minimizing waiting times. Key scheduling algorithms include Round Robin, Shortest Job First, First Come First Served, and Shortest Remaining Time, each with distinct benefits and use cases. Understanding these algorithms helps optimize resource utilization and system responsiveness.

Uploaded by

Tadiwa Mawere
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Need for Scheduling

Process scheduling is essential for managing multiple tasks efficiently within an operating
system. It ensures:

 Fair CPU allocation among processes.


 Efficient resource utilization, preventing bottlenecks.
 Minimized waiting time for processes.
 Improved system responsiveness, especially in multi-user environments.

Scheduling Algorithms

Different scheduling routines determine how processes are prioritized and executed:

1. Round Robin (RR)

 Type: Preemptive.
 Function: Each process gets a fixed time slice (quantum) before moving to the back of
the queue.
 Benefits:
o Prevents starvation (all processes get CPU time).
o Ensures fairness in execution.
o Ideal for time-sharing systems.

2. Shortest Job First (SJF)

 Type: Non-preemptive.
 Function: The process with the shortest execution time is scheduled first.
 Benefits:
o Minimizes average waiting time.
o Efficient for batch processing.
o Works best when all process durations are known in advance.

3. First Come First Served (FCFS)

 Type: Non-preemptive.
 Function: Processes are executed in the order they arrive.
 Benefits:
o Simple and easy to implement.
o No context switching overhead.
o Works well for long-running tasks.
4. Shortest Remaining Time (SRT)

 Type: Preemptive version of SJF.


 Function: The process with the shortest remaining execution time is prioritized.
 Benefits:
o Reduces waiting time compared to SJF.
o Ensures quick execution of short tasks.
o Ideal for real-time systems.

Key Takeaways

 Round Robin ensures fairness but may cause frequent context switching.
 SJF minimizes waiting time but requires prior knowledge of execution times.
 FCFS is simple but can lead to long waiting times for shorter tasks.
 SRT improves efficiency but requires continuous monitoring of process durations.

For more details, you can check out Save My Exams or ZNotes. Let me know if you need further
clarification! 🚀

Process Scheduling

The OS ensures efficient execution of processes using scheduling algorithms:

 Shortest Job First (SJF) – Executes the shortest tasks first to maximize efficiency.
 Round Robin (RR) – Allocates a fixed time slice to each process, preventing starvation.
 First Come First Served (FCFS) – Executes processes in the order they arrive.
 Shortest Remaining Time (SRT) – Prioritizes processes with the least remaining
execution time.

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