MODULE

1 Academic Text Structures

WEEK 2.

LEARNING TASK/ACTIVITY STATUS MARK VERIFIED

STEPS
1. MY STARTER Recalling Activity

2. EXPLORE Reading Activity

MORE
3. YOU Written Work
COMPLETE
ME
4. WHATS Reading Activity
MORE
5. LET’S TEST Reading Activity
YOUR
LEARNING
6. MY BADGE Checking on Learning
MODULE 1: Academic Text Structures

LEARNING GOALS LEARNING MATERIALS

 Differentiates language used  Activity notebook

in academic texts from
various disciplines
 define academic text;
 determine text structure of
an academic text; and
 Explain the components of
the three-part essay
structure.

I. MY STARTER

TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Write T if the statement is correct and F if it is wrong. Write your answer in
your notebook.
___1. Formality in academic writing requires precision to make a legitimate
piece of writing.
___2. Writing is a form of communication that is shaped by the following
factors: topic, role, and audience.
___3. The use of personal pronouns such as I, you, and we is acceptable in
academic writing.
___4. “How can these problems be solved?” is an example of a critical
question.
___5. Because is an example of transitional device that expresses cause
and effect.
___6. An abstract is a summary of a novel.
___7. The conclusion is the section that summarizes the main points of the
essay.
___8. A summary is a condensed form of a text which is usually half of the
original material.
___9. To introduce a topic in an essay, the writer must be able to explain its
details.
___10. A research paper contains background of the study, body and
recommendations.

II. EXPLORE MORE

Right after answering this activity, I want you to prepare yourself for a reading activity but
before that please be guided with these questions:
 1. What is Academic Writing?
2. What are the examples of academic text?

What is an Academic Text?

Academic text is defined as critical, objective, specialized texts written by experts or

professionals in a given field using formal language. This means that academic texts are
based on facts with solid basis. Academic writing, therefore, is generally quite formal,
objective (impersonal)and technical. It is formal by avoiding casual or conversational
language, such as contractions or informal vocabulary. It is impersonal and objective by
avoiding direct reference to people or feelings, and instead emphasizing objects, facts
and ideas. It is technical by using vocabulary specific to the discipline. To be a good
academic writer, you will need to learn the specific styles and structures for your
discipline, as well as for each individual writing task. Some examples of academic writing
are as follow:

Literary Analysis

A literary analysis essay examines, evaluates, and makes an argument about a literary
work. As its name suggests, a literary analysis essay goes beyond mere summarization.
It requires careful close reading of one or multiple texts and often focuses on a specific
characteristic, theme, or motif.

Research Paper

A research paper uses outside information to support a thesis or make an argument.

Research papers are written in all disciplines and may be evaluative, analytical, or critical
in nature. Common research sources include data, primary sources (e.g., historical
records), and secondary sources (e.g., peer- reviewed scholarly articles). Writing a
research paper involves synthesizing this external information with your own ideas.

Dissertation

A dissertation(or thesis) is a document submitted at the conclusion of a

Ph.D.program.The dissertation is a book-length summarization of the doctoral candidate’s
research.

Academic papers

May be done as a part of a class, in a program of study, or for publication in an academic

journal or scholarly book of articles around a theme, by different authors.

Academic writing is writing you do in

a specific field of study in school, it has
a thesis statement and the rest of your
writing is about proving or
demonstrating a thesis, it also includes
evidence such as facts, quotes,
paraphrases, and summaries from
sources.
 III. YOU COMPLETE ME!
Organize your thoughts by giving 5 types of an academic text and give its characteristics.

Small scale article

Essay Sometimes like a newspaper column
(Bonus Answer) Often argues for a concept, standpoint, or opinion

IV. WHAT’S MORE

Essay are the most common English requirement and activity, now let me ask you, are
you familiar in answering Essays following the correct format?

If Yes, better that you already have a knowledge, and if No, this reading activity would
help you a lot in dealing with this lesson.

Structure is an important feature of academic writing. A well-structured text enables the

reader to follow the argument and navigate the text. In academic writing a clear structure
and a logical flow are imperative to a cohesive text. These are the two common structures
of academic texts that you need to learn which depends on the type of assignment you
are required: the three-part essay structure and the IMRaD structure.
The Three-Part Essay Structure
The three-part essay structure is a basic structure that consists of introduction, body
and conclusion. The introduction and the conclusion should be shorter than the body
of the text. For shorter essays, one or two paragraphs for each of these sections can
be appropriate. For longer texts or theses, they may be several pages long.

Introduction

Its purpose is to clearly tell the reader the topic, purpose and structure of the paper. As
a rough guide, an introduction might be between 10 and 20 percent of the length of the
whole paper and has three main parts:

A. The most general information, such as background and/or definitions.

B. The core of the introduction, where you show the overall topic, purpose,
your point of view, hypotheses and/or research questions (depending on
what kind of paper it is).

C. The most specific information, describing the scope and structure of your
paper.

You should write your introduction after you know both your overall point of view (if it is
a persuasive paper) and the whole structure of your paper. You should then revise the
introduction when you have completed the main body.

The Body

It develops the question, “What is the topic about?”. It may elaborate directly on the
topic sentence by giving definitions, classifications, explanations, contrasts, examples
and evidence. This is considered as the heart of the essay
becauseitexpoundsthespecificideasforthereaderstohaveabetterunderstanding of the
topic. It usually is the largest part of the essay.

Conclusion

The conclusion is closely related to the introduction and is often described as its ‘mirror
image’. This means that if the introduction begins with general information and ends
with specific information, the conclusion moves in the opposite direction. The
conclusion usually begins by briefly summarizing the main scope or structure of the
paper, confirms the topic that was given in the introduction, ends with a more general
statement about how this topic relates to its context. This may take the form of an
evaluation of the importance of the topic, implications for future research or a
recommendation about theory or practice.

The IMRaD Structure

The sections of the IMRaD structure are Introduction, Methods, Results and
Discussion. The Introduction usually depicts the background of the topic and the central
focus of the study. The Methodology lets your readers know your data collection
methods, research instrument employed, sample size and so on. Results and
Discussion states the brief summary of the key findings or the results of your study.

V. LET’S TEST YOUR LEARNING!

Let us test what you have learned from your readings, on the three parts of essay
structure. Try to answer this Activity.

Directions: Read the Article written by Sharon Housley in 2012. Then, extract the
essential statements of the Introduction, Body and Conclusion. Write them in your
notebook. Follow the format below.
 Impact of Technology on Politics

The continued growth of technology had a significant impact on the political ratings that
candidates achieve. The article Impact of Technology on Politics attempts to analyze how
these two spheres of modern life, technology and politics, interrelate and what the
outcomes are of this interrelationship.

Political candidates use technology in many ways. Different communication channels

provided by the Internet have the power to influence the growth of different individuals in
their respective spheres. The likes of Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube are powerful
communication media platforms that can easily raise the ratings of political candidates.
Housley claims that whether we acknowledge it or not, technology is a deciding factor in
most political races. Through technology, politicians are able to access funds, gain
political pundits, and spend less on campaigning and pushing their candidacy.

One of the ways in which technology influences politics is the financial side. Raising funds
to use for campaigning is an important factor for political candidates. It comes with the
need to create a vertical response to the whole country or target region. This is a major
hurdle experienced by political candidates. The Internet aided Howard Dean to get
donations that he required to gain access to a large part of the campaign region. By
broadcasting through technological marketing, candidates get suitable donors to support
different parts of their campaigns. Publicity on the Internet is a cheap method, as they do
not have to re-publish, unlike what is provided by the print media. This is placed in
various commonly-accessed links (Housley, Par.1).

The Internet enables politicians to use podcasting. The act of podcasting can make
anyone a journalist. Through podcasting, politicians are able to portray a journalistic
stature, thereby ensuring that the information is considered credible. Self- proclamation of
politicians through pundits is easily spread through messages. It is, however, difficult for
politicians to guarantee the integrity of the information posted.

The Internet can be accessed by anyone and podcasts can be posted by anyone. The
integrity of information is therefore difficult to preserve, hence, many potential candidates
may have to establish a verifiable connection with various achievements. All in all, gaining
political publicity through podcasts is a common but expensive method to use, Housley
admits. However, it is logical to assume that when correctly utilized, this is an extremely
powerful political tool that pays off completely.
According to Housley, the impact of technology is great on a given generation. The
young, educated, and affluent will relate to technological innovations. A proper
presentation will gain ratings for candidates. Using the most recent technology will surely
attract the youth. The older generation may not impact the raising of presidential bids,
especially if they are done through social media. The older generation uses the Internet
much less. The younger generation relates easily to these media platforms. This
differentiation is used by politicians to gain advantage in their political bids. Politicians use
technology to raise their bids among the youth, while traditional methods are used for the
older generation.

Another way to look at the matter is in relation to thinking about the Internet as a tool for
free advertising. It is no secret that presidential bids are the most expensive, as they are
run to cover the whole region. On the other hand, political videos easily generate online
rating gains, and such political Internet advertisement will reach the target audience if
launched properly. Individuals perform the needed publicity a search person shares the
video, and soon. The extra generated videos are not paid for, while on social networks
even the original posting is free.

It is clear that gaining political publicity through the use of technology has become easier,
especially since technological devices are so accessible and widespread. The article
analyzed is prudent in arranging technological tools into separate groups that work as a
effective means of communicating between apolitical figure and the target audience.
However, with the use of the Internet, any political figure can become recognizable within
just a few minutes. In only a few hours, public opinion on a particular political figure is
already formed within one of the social groups of voters. Not just the good, but also a bad
reputation can be formed in a blink of an eye using modern technology. It often happens
that the bad “gossip” spreads much faster. With the huge impact that technology has on
societies and public opinion in particular, it is crucial to be cautious in the use of
information about any political figure, or you risk making a positive advertisement into a
negative advertisement with just one click.

STRUCTURE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON POLITICS

INTRODUCTION

BODY

CONCLUSION
 PAGE 8

IV. MY BADGE

How did you do in the exercises? Check the appropriate icon to describe
How much you have learned in the exercises. Explain why you describe such.
Write your explanation below the icon

…parts of the lesson that …parts of the lesson you …parts of the lesson that
you think are interesting to fell needs more you wanted to clarify
you? discussion? more?

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====END OF MODULE 1=====

MOD U LE 1 : A cade mi c T ext St ru ctu re