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FP Lecture 8

The document provides an overview of loops in C++, including while loops, for loops, and do-while loops, explaining their syntax and use cases. It emphasizes the importance of loops for executing statements repeatedly and includes examples and tasks for practice. Additionally, it discusses the concept of sentinel values for controlling loop execution and offers guidance on choosing the appropriate loop type based on the situation.

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Hammad Sarfaraz
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2 views19 pages

FP Lecture 8

The document provides an overview of loops in C++, including while loops, for loops, and do-while loops, explaining their syntax and use cases. It emphasizes the importance of loops for executing statements repeatedly and includes examples and tasks for practice. Additionally, it discusses the concept of sentinel values for controlling loop execution and offers guidance on choosing the appropriate loop type based on the situation.

Uploaded by

Hammad Sarfaraz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Loop in C++

By
Abdullah Khan Shahani

Green International University


Lecture Outline
For loop
While loop Do
While loop
Loop
• A loop can be used to tell a program to execute statements
repeatedly
• Suppose that you need to display a string (e.g., "Welcome to
C++!") 100 times.

• So how to solve this


problem???
While Loop
• C++ provides a powerful construct called a loop that controls how many
times an operation or a sequence of operations is performed in succession.
Using a loop statement, you simply tell the computer to display a string
100 times without having to code the print statement 100 times, as
follows:
int count = 0;
while (count < 100)
{
cout << "Welcome to
C++!\n"; count++;
}

• Note: The braces enclosing the loop body can be omitted only if the
loop body contains one statement or none.
While Loop
• The variable count is initially 0. The loop checks whether (count <
100) is true. If so, it executes the loop body to display the message
Welcome to C++! and increments count by 1. It repeatedly executes
the loop body until (count < 100) becomes false (i.e., when count
reaches 100). At this point, the loop terminates and the next
statement after the loop statement is executed
• Loops are constructs that control repeated executions of a block of
statements. The concept of looping is fundamental to programming.
C++ provides three types of loop statements: while loops, do-while
loops, and for loops.
Flow Chart for while Loop
While loop

• If i < 10 is true, the program adds i to sum. Variable i is initially set


to 1, then is incremented
• to 2, 3, and up to 10. When i is 10, i < 10 is false, so the loop
exits. Therefore,
• the sum is 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 9 = 45.
Identify the problem?
Controlling a Loop with a Sentinel
Value
• Another common technique for controlling a loop is to designate a
special value when reading and processing a set of values. This special
input value, known as a sentinel value, signifies the end of the input.
A loop that uses a sentinel value to control its execution is called a
sentinel-controlled loop.
• Run
Task 1:
• Write a c++ code using while loop which print values from 1 to 5
using while loop
• Write a c++ code using while loop which print table of 2 using
while loop
• Write a c++ code which print sum of ist five natural
numbers using while loop
• Write a code which reverse a number entered by user and
print original number and reverse number.
For loop
• A for loop has a concise syntax for writing loops.
• A for loop can be used to simplify the above
loop:
for (i = initialValue; i < endValue; i++)
{
// Loop body
...
}
• The flowchart of the for loop is shown in Figure
Flow chart for loop
1

A for loop performs an initial action once, then repeatedly executes the statements in the loop
body, and performs an action after an iteration when the loop-continuation-condition evaluates
to true.
For Loop
• The loop control variable can be declared and initialized in
the for loop. Here is an example:
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
cout << "Welcome to C++!\n";
}

• If there is only one statement in the loop body, as in this example,


the braces can be omitted as shown below:
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
cout << "Welcome to C++!\n";
Question: What are the three parts of a for loop control?
The do-while Loop
• A do-while loop is the same as a while loop except that it executes
the loop body first and then checks the loop continuation condition.
• The do-while loop is a variation of the while loop. Its syntax
is as follows:
do
{
// Loop body;
Statement(s);
}
while (loop-continuation-condition);
Do while loop
• Flow
Chart

The do-while loop executes the loop body first, then checks the loop-continuation-condition
to determine whether to continue or terminate the loop.
Do while loop
• Run this program and differentiate between while and do while
loop
Important: Which Loop to Use?
• You can use a for loop, a while loop, or a do-while loop, whichever
is convenient.
• In general, a for loop may be used if the number of repetitions is
known in advance, as, for example, when you need to display
message 100 times.
• A while loop may be used if the number of repetitions is not fixed,
as in the case of reading the numbers until the input is 0.
Task 2:
• Write a c++ code using for loop which print values from 1 to 5
using while loop
• Write a c++ code using for loop which print table of 2 using while
loop
• Write a c++ code which print first sum of ist five natural
numbers using for loop
• Write a code which reverse a number entered by user and
print original number and reverse number.
Next
Lecture

Nested
loop

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