Placed at the meeting of

Academic Council
held on 12.12.2019
Appendix-H-15
MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIVERSITY
(University with Potential for Excellence)

Directorate of Distance Education)

Syllabus for B.A. History (Semester Pattern) (With effect from the academic
year 2019-2020 onwards) Regulations, Scheme of Examinations and Syllabus

Name of the Program : Bachelor of Arts in History (B.A.).

I. About the Department

The Department of History in the Directorate of Distance Education of
Madurai Kamaraj University is one of the oldest departments started in 1971.
The Department currently offers both UG & PG programs in History.
II. Program Overview
The Bachelor of Arts in History program at the Directorate is a conventional
program focusing on ancient, medieval, modern and contemporary history,
human life, socio-economic and political conditions, foreign relations, war
strategies and administration.
III. Objectives of the Program
1. To know the glory of the past.
2. To study the socio-economic and political condition of the nations.
3. To make the students to understand the past history.
4. To facilitate the students for getting job opportunities.
5. Students are expected to advance in knowledge thereby contributing the
society through the application of their academic training.

IV. Program Target Groups

The Program is offered to the students of rural, semi-urban and urban
background who aspire to acquire knowledge in the respective fields but could
not continue the education through regular mode owing to various constraints.
The Program may be structured in a way to attract the aspirants of Union
Public Service Commission Examinations and State Public Service
Commission Examinations.

300
V. Program Requirements
1. Educational Qualification
The candidates who have passed Higher Secondary Examinations (+2)
recognized by the Government of Tamilnadu or its equivalent
Examinations are eligible.
2. Marks Required:
A student should have passed Higher Secondary Course Examination (+2).

VI. Degree Overview

The B.A. Program in History intends for the holistic development of the
students, make them to be eligible to appear all competitive examinations
including TNPSC & UPSC and making them eligible to go for higher
education.
VII. Degree Title : Bachelor of Arts in History (B.A.)
VIII. Duration of the Program: : 3years
IX. Program Structure
The B.A. program in History has six semesters in three years, two semesters per
academic year.
First Semester
Subject Title Nature Credit
Part I : Tamil/Alternate languages Language 3
Part II : English English 3
History of India Up to 900 A.D. Core 4
History of Tamil Nadu from Sangam Age to 1565 A.D. Core 4

Principles of Economics I (Allied Paper) Ancillary 4

Second Semester
Subject Title Nature Credit
Part I : Tamil/Alternate Languages Language 3
Part II : English English 3
History of India 900 – 1761 A.D. Core 4
History of Tamil Nadu (1565 – 1947 A.D.) Core 4
Principles of Economics II (Allied Paper) Ancillary 4

301
Third Semester
Subject Title Nature Credit
Part I : Tamil/Alternate Languages Language 3
Part II : English English 3
History of India (1761– 1947 A.D.) Core 4
Contemporary History of Tamil Nadu Core 4
(1947 – 2006 A.D.)
Modern Governments I Ancillary 4
Fourth Semester
Subject Title Nature Credit

Part I : Tamil/Alternate Languages Language 3

Part II : English English 3
Contemporary History of India 1947 – 2005 A.D. Core 4
History of Europe (1453 – 1789 A.D.) Core 4
Modern Governments II Ancillary 4
Fifth Semester
Subject Title Nature Credit

History of Europe (1789 – 1919 A.D.) Core 4

History of World Civilizations Core 4

Elements of Historiography Core 4

History of U.S.A. Colonization to 1865 A.D. Core 4

Sixth Semester
Subject Title Nature Credit

History of the Modern World 1919 – 1991 A.D. Core 4

History of U.S.A. 1865 – 1945 A. D. Core 4

Constitutional History of India (1773 – 1950 A.D.) Core 4

Indian Archaeology Core 4

302
Part-IV : Value Education is a compulsory paper common for all UG courses. Students have to
write examination in first semester.

Part-V : Environmental Studies is a compulsory paper common for all UG courses. Students
have to write examination in second semester.

X. Details of Syllabus : Each subject has a detailed syllabus structured in terms of

units.
XI. Time Table for Contact Class
The ODL Regulations insists of minimum 60 hours per semester of which 48
hours are for contact class and 12 hours for counseling purpose. The following
table demonstrate the time allotment for both contact and counseling totaling 12
hours per week; for a semester there may be available 5 months and one round of
contact/counseling class per month is enough to achieve the required hours.

Per week 9.00-10.30 10.30-12.00 1.00-2.30 2.30-4.00

Day1 C1 C2 A1 Part-I Language

Day2 C1 C2 A1 Part-II
English
XII. Pattern of Examination
Internal and External marks respectively 25:75= 100 marks
XIII. Scheme for Internal Exam
Two Assignments -12.5 marks each
Grand Total-25Marks
XIV. External Exam
External Examination – Maximum 75 marks
XIV. Passing Minimum
1. 40 % of the aggregate (Internal + External).
2. No separate pass minimum for Internal Examination.
3. 27 marks minimum in External Examination.
XV. Question Paper Pattern
All the Question Papers Consist of Three Sections A, B and
C. Section A is Two Marks Type.
Section B should be descriptive type with internal choice. (Either or
type) Section C should be Essay type with choice.
XVI. Scheme for Evaluation
Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 75
Section- A:(5X 2= 10 marks)
Question Number 1 to 5, Two marks type
One question from each unit.

303
 Section -B: (5X7=35 marks)
Answer all the questions choosing either (a) or (b)
Answer all the questions not exceeding two pages each (one question from each unit)
6 (a) or (b) , 7 (a) or (b), 8 (a) or (b), 9 (a) or (b), 10 (a) or (b)

Section- C: (3X10=30 marks)

Answer any three out of five not exceeding four pages each
One question from each unit
Questions 11 – 15.

XVII. Classification
Sl.No Range of CGPA Class
1. 40 & above but below 50 III
2. 50 & above but below 60 II
3. 60 & above I
XVIII. Revaluation Provision
Students may apply for revaluation after declaration of the results within 15 days.
XIX: Program Facilities
Students will be provided study materials in the form of lessons or lesson
materials at the time of classes according to the prescribed syllabus. Besides, a well
equipped library is functioning in the Directorate of Distance Education, MKU. Students
could use it.

SEMESTER – I : Core paper : HISTORY OF INDIA UPTO 900 AD (Credits-4)

Objectives:
▪
To enable the students to appear for the Competitive Examinations.
▪
To understand about early civilizations of India.
▪
To study about early religions of India and administration of early rulers.
Unit I: Introduction: Geographical features – Sources – Literary – Archaeological –
Numismatics – Foreign sources – Pre-Historic period - Early Civilizations of India- Indus Valley
Civilization – Salient features – Vedic Civilization – Political- Economic- Social and Religious
Life.

Unit II: Condition of North India during 6th Century B.C : Causes for the Rise of New
Religions – Mahavira – Principles of Jainism – Contribution of Jainism – Gautama Buddha –
Principles of Buddhism – Contribution of Buddhism – Mahajanapadas – Rise of Magadha –
Persian and Macedonian Invasions – Effects.
Unit III: The Mauryan Dynasty : Chandragupta Maurya – Asoka – Kalinga War – Edicts of
Asoka – His Contribution to Buddhism – Mauryan Administration – Causes for the Downfall of
Mauryan Empire – Kanishka – Contribution to Buddhism – Gandhara Art.

304
Unit IV: The Gupta Dynasty : Chandra Gupta I – Samudra Gupta – Chandra Gupta II –
Nalanda University – Achievements – Golden Age of Guptas – Causes for the Downfall – Hun’s
Invasion – Effects.

Unit V:Vardhana Empire : Harsha Vardhana – Political - Social and Economic Life – Religion
–Foreign Travellers - Hieun Tsang – Fahien - Itsing– Chalukyas - Vakatakas and Rastrakutas -
The Arab Conquest of Sind-Causes and Effects.

Maps:
1. Indus Valley Sites
2. Asokan Empire
3. Gupta’sEmpire
4. Harsha’sEmpire

Reference Books:
1. Jha, D.N, Early India - A Concise History, Manohar Publishers & Distributors,
New Delhi, 2004.
2. Khurana, K.L, Ancient India, Lakshmi Narain Agarwal, Agra, 2001.
3. Lunia, B.N, Evolution of Indian Culture, Laxmi Narain Agarwal, Agra, 2007.
4. Mahajan, V.D, Ancient India, S.Chand& Company Ltd, New Delhi,1976.
5. Majumdar, R.C, and others, An Advanced History of India, Macmillan, New
Delhi, 2002.
6. Sathianathaier R, A Political and Cultural History of India, Vol.I, S.Viswanathan
Pvt. Ltd, Chennai,1980.
7. Sharma, L.P, History of Ancient India, Konark Publishers Pvt.Ltd, Delhi, 2000.
8. Vincent A. Smith, Early History of India, Oxford.

Core paper - HISTORY OF TAMIL NADU SANGAM AGE TO 1565 A.D.

CREDITS:4
Objectives:
▪
To explain the Political, Social and Economic conditions of ancient Tamil
Nadu
▪
To enable the students understand the antiquity of Tamil Nadu
▪
To make the students feel proud of their glory of cultural heritage of Tamils.

Unit I: Introduction : Geographical Features and Topography on the History of Tamil Nadu -
Sources –Races and Tribes – Pre history of Tamil Nadu – Aryan Expansion - Sangam Age –
Chronology of the Sangam – Early Cholas – Early Pandyas – Sangam Administration, Economy,
Trade and Commerce, Society, Religion, Philosophy, Art and Architecture - Kalabhras.

Unit II: Pallavas : Pallavas - Origin –Mahendra Varman I – NarashimaVarman I – Pallava

Administration, Social life, Religion, Literature – Art and Architecture - The First Pandyan
Empire – Bhakti Movement.

305
Unit III : Imperial Cholas : The Imperial Cholas – Parantaka Chola – Raja Raja – Rajendra I –
KulotungaI – Administration - Local Self Government – Socio-Economic and Cultural
Conditions – Chalukya Cholas.

Unit IV: The Second Pandyan Empire : The Second Pandyan Empire – Muslim Invasion in
Tamil Nadu – Madurai Sultanate – Hoysalas in Tamil Nadu.

Unit V: Vijayanagar Kingdom : Tamil Nadu under Vijayanagar Rulers - Administration and
Society, Trade and Commerce, Literature, Religion, Art and Architecture,
Kumarakampana’sInvasion, Battle of Talikota 1565.

Reference Books
1. Chandrasekaran,P, History of Tamil Nadu Up to 1565, Manju Pathippakam,
Rajapalayam,2001.
2. Devanesan, History of Tamil Nadu, Benu Publications, Marthandam, 2012.
3. Krishnaswamy, A, Tamil Country under Vijayanagar, Annamalai
University, Annamalai Nagar,1964.
4. Manoranjithamani C. History of Tamil Nadu, DaveBery Publications,
Tirunelveli,2012.
5. NeelakantaSastri, K.A., The Cholas, University of Madras, Chennai,1987.
6. Pandarathar, T.V.S, History of Later Cholas, Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar,1967.
7. Pillay, K.K, Historical Heritage of Tamil, M.J.P.Publishers, Chennai,1979.
8. Rajayyan, K, Historyof Madurai, Madurai University, Madurai,1974.
9. Subramanian, N, Original Sources for the History of Tamil Nadu, Ennes
Publications, Udumalaipet, 1994.

POLITICAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF INDIA FROM 1526 TO 1857 A.D.

(ALLIED PAPER FOR ECONOMICS) Credits: 4
Objectives:
• To make the students understand the history of India
• To inculcate the glory of Indian History
• To prepare them for competitive examinations

UNIT I : The Mughals : Establishment of the Mughal Rule – Some Important Rulers – Babar –
Shershah – Akbar – Shah Jahan – Aurangazeb.

UNIT II: Some Aspects of the Mughal Rule : Administration under the Mughals – Religious
Condition – Din-i-lahi – Art and Architecture – Socio-Economic condition – Decline and Fall of
the Mughals.

UNIT III: The Marathas : Rise of the Marathas to Power – Shivaji – Administration – Socio-
Economic condition – Hindu Revivalism.

306
UNIT IV: The Advent of the Europeans : Portuguese – Dutch – French – English. The Anglo-
French rivalry in the Carnatic – Ascendancy of the British – Administrative System under the
British Company.

UNIT V: The Revolt of 1857 : Causes – Course – Consequences – Mangal Pande, Nana Sahib,
Tantia Tope, Jhansi Rani Laxmi Bai.

MAPS:
1. Mughal Empire under Akbar
2. Mughal Empire under Aurangazeb
3. Shivaji’s Empire
4. Early European Settlements
5. Centres of 1857 Revolt

Books for Reference:

R.SathiyanathaIyer History of India Vol.II& III
K.A.N.Sastri Advanced History of India
Ishwari Prasad The Short History of Mughal Rule in India
S.C. RoyChowdry Social Cultural and Economic History of India
P.Gomathinayagam History of India
Chopra Social and Cultural History of India Vol. II& III
A.L.Srivastava The Mughal Empire
Simha and Roy A History of India

SECOND SEMESTER
Core paper - HISTORY OF INDIA 900 TO 1761 A.D (Credits: 4)
Objectives:
▪
To know the foundation of Slave dynasty
▪
To make the students understand the establishment of Islamic power in India
▪
To know the great contribution of Mughal Architecture.
▪
Unit I: Muslim Rule in India : Sources– The Arab Invasion – Invasion of Muhammad of
Ghazni – Muhammad of Ghor– Delhi Sultanate – Slave Dynasty Rulers – Qutb-ud-din Aibak –
Iltutmish – Wars – Sultana Raziya – Balban – Reforms – Mongolian attack – Effects.

Unit II: Ala-ud-din Khilji and Tughluqs : Ala-ud-din Khilji – Wars – Administration-
Muhammad bin Tughluq – Feroz Tughluq – Wars – Administration – Reforms- Sayyids and
Lodis – Downfall- Origin of Vijayanagar Kingdom – Krishnadevaraya’s achievements –
Administration.

Unit III: The Mughal Empire : The Establishment of Mughal Rule - India on the eve of
Babur’s invasion – Conquests of Babur –Sher Shah– Akbar the Great - Shah Jahan.

307
Unit IV: Aurangazeb and the fall of Mughal Empire : Aurangazeb – Policies of Aurangazeb
– Administration under the Mughals - Religious Condition – Din-i-lahi – Art and Architecture –
Socio-Economic condition – Decline and Fall of the Mughals.

Unit V: The Marathas : Rise of the Marathas to Power –Shivaji’sAdministration -

Social and Economic Condition – Hindu Revivalism – Peshwas - Third battle of
Panipat.

Maps:
1. India under Ala-ud-din Khilji
2. The Vijayanagar Empire
3. Mughal Empire under Akbar’s
4. Mughal Empire under Aurangazeb
5. Shivaji’s Empire

Reference Books:
1. Mehta, J.L, Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India, Vol- I &Vol – II,
Sterling Publishers Private Limited, 1984.
2. Mahajan, V.D, History of India From Beginning to 1525 A.D., S. Chand & Co.,
New Delhi,1976.
3. Majumdar, R.C, An Advanced History of India, Macmillan, New Delhi, 2002.
4. Sathianathaier, R, A Political and Cultural History of India, Vol.II,
S.Viswanathan Pvt. Ltd, Madras, 1972.
5. Satish Chandra,History of Medieval India: 800-1700, Orient Longman, New
Delhi, 2007.
6. Sharma,.L.P, The Mughal Empire, Konark Publishers, Pvt Ltd., New Delhi,1997.
7. Sunil Kumar, The Emergence of Delhi Sultanate 1192 – 1286, Permanent Black,
Ranikhet, 2010.
8. Vincent A. Smith, Early History of India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,
2004.
Core paper : HISTORY OF TAMILNADU 1565 to 1947 A.D. (Credits-4)
Objectives:
▪
To appreciate the administration and achievements of the Tamil rulers.
▪
To make the students to understand the significance of Tamil Country under
Nayaks.
▪
To assess the role of Tamil Nadu in India’s Freedom Movement.
Unit I: Tamilagam under Nayaks : Nayaks of Madurai – Visvanatha Nayak - Muthu Virappa
Nayak - Career and achievements of Thirumala Nayak –Rani Mangammal – Meenakshi -
Nayaks of Tanjore - Sevappa Nayak – Ragunatha Nayak – Vijayaraghava Nayak - Nayaks of
Senji- Vaiyappa - Tubaki Krishnappa, Krishnappa I, Krishnappa Nayak II – Nayak
Administration – Socio-Economic conditions under the Nayaks – Language and Literature – Art
and Architecture.

Unit II: Marathas Rule and Setupatis of Ramnad : Establishment of Maratha Rule –

308
Marathas of Tanjore – Ekoji – Serfoji – Tukoji – Serfoji II – Sivaji III - Setupathis
of Ramnad - RagunathaSetupati I – KilavanSetupati.

Unit III: Advent of Europeans and Early Resistance : Advent of the Europeans – The
Portuguese – The Dutch –The French – The English – The Anglo-French conflict – Tamil
Nadu under the Arcot Nawabs – The Carnatic Wars and Effects – Mysore Wars– Poligari
System - South Indian Rebellion, 1801 – Vellore Mutiny, 1806.

Unit IV: Tamilnadu under the Europeans : The British Land Revenue Administration –
Zamindari – Ryotwari - Famine and Relief Measures - Education under the Company – Growth
of Language and Literature in 19th and 20th Centuries – Organisations of Judiciary under the
Company– Local Self Administration under the Company– Society, Commerce, Trade,
Communication and Transportation.

Unit V: Tamil Nadu in Freedom Struggle : Political and Social Awakening of Tamil Nadu –
Nationalism – The Madras Mahajana Sabha – The Indian National Congress – Swadesi
Movement -Home Rule Movement – Genesis, Growth and Decline of Justice Party – Working of
Dyarchy - Non Cooperation Movement – Swaraj Party - Civil Disobedience Movement and
March to Vedaranyam– Achievements and Failures of Congress Ministry 1937 – 1939 –
Towards Independence 1939-1947.

Reference Books
1. Gowri, K., Maduraiunder East India Company 1801-1857, Raj Publishers Madurai,
1987.
2. Kalidos, R., History and Culture of Tamils (From Prehistoric times to Present
rule), Vijay Publishers, Dindigul, 1976.
3. Mangala Murugesan, K., Self Respect Movement, ThendralPathipakam, Chennai,
1982.
4. Rajayyan, K, History of Tamil Nadu 1565 – 1982, Ratna Publications, Madurai,
1982.
5. Rajayyan, K., Tamil Nadu – A Real History, Ratna Publications, Trivandrum, 2005.
6. Sathyanatha Aiyar, R., History of Nayaks of Madurai, Oxford University, 1924.
7. Subramanian, N., History of Tamil Nadu 1565 – 1982, Ennes Publication, Madurai,
1987.
8. Varghese Jeyaraj, S., Socio-Economic History of Tamil Nadu, 1565-1967, Anns
Publications, Uthamapalayam, 2017.
9. Venkatesan, G, History of Modern Tamil Nadu From 1600 – 2011 A.D., Narmatha
Publications, Rajapalayam , 2017.

309
POLITICAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF INDIA FROM1857 TO 1967 A.D.
ALLIED PAPER FOR ECONOMICS (Credits: 4)
Objectives:
• To illustrate the hardships faced by Indians for independence
• To highlight the importance of India’s freedom
• To make them understand the Constitution of India

UNIT I: The First Phase of Freedom Struggle : Genesis and Growth of the Indian
National Congress – Moderates – Rise of Extremists – Surat Split - Partition of Bengal –
Home Rule Movement.

UNIT II: The Second Phase of Freedom Struggle : Jallianwalabagh Tragedy – Non-Co-
Operation Movement – Swarajists – Civil Disobedience Movement – Second World War and the
Congress – Cripps Mission - Quit India Movement – Cabinet Mission Plan - Partition and
Independence – Some Personalities – Motilal Nehru, Mohamad Ali Jinnah, Mahatma Gandhi,
Jawaharlal Nehru, Rajaji.

UNIT III: Some Aspects of the British Rule : Social Reforms under British – Abolition of
Devadasi System – Abolition of Sati – Abolition of Female Infanticide – Widow Remarriage Act
- Economic Condition – Religious and Social Development – Growth of Local Self-Government
– Development of Education.

UNIT IV: Indian Democracy : Salient Features of the Indian Constitution – Elections in India –
Planned Economic Development – States Reorganization in 1956 – Administration of Jawaharlal
Nehru and Lal Bahadur Sasthri – Indian Presidency from Dr. Rajendra Prasad to Fakruddin Ali
Ahamed.

UNIT V: India and the World : Clash with Pakistan over Kashmir – Chinese Aggression –
Policy of Non-Alignment – SARRC - Indo-American Relations – Indo-Soviet Friendship.

MAPS:
1. India at the time of Independence
2. India after Reorganization of states
3. Educational Centres in Independent India

Books for Reference:

R.SathiyanathaIyer History of India Vol.II& III

K.A.N.Sastri P.E. Advanced History of India
Roberts British India
S.C.RoyChowdry Social Cultural and Economic History of India
R.C.Majumdar& others Advanced History of India
Cunningham The History of Marathas
K.Rajayyan History of Freedom Struggle in India

310
G.Venkatesan History of Freedom Struggle in India
Chopra Social and Cultural History of India Vol.II& III
V.D. Mahajan History of Modern India
Vincent Smith The Oxford History of India

III SEMESTER
Core paper- HISTORY OF INDIA (1761-1947A.D) (Credits: 4)
Objectives:
▪
To provide historical background of the conquest of India by the European Powers.
▪
To give knowledge about the Socio Religious Reform Movements among the students
community
▪
To enable the students understand the different facets of the Indian
National Movement.

UNIT I: The Advent of the Europeans

Portuguese – Dutch –French – English. The Anglo– French rivalry in the Carnatic– Ascendency
of the British – Administrative System under the British Company.

UNIT II: The Revolt of 1857

Causes - Course– Consequences – Mangal Pande, Nana Sahib, Tantia Tope, Jhansi Rani Laxmi
Bai - Queen’s Proclamation.

UNIT III: The First Phase of Freedom Struggle

Genesis and Growth of the Indian National Congress – Moderates – Extremists – Swadesi
Movement - Partition of Bengal – Surat Split - Home Rule Movement – Some Personalities –
Ghokale – Tilak – Lajpat Rai, Mrs.Annie Besant, V.O. Chidambaram.

UNIT IV: The Second Phase of Freedom Struggle

Jallianwalabagh Tragedy - Non Co-operation Movement – Swarajis - Civil Disobedience
Movement - Second World War and the Congress –Cripps Mission - Quit India Movement -
Cabinet Mission Plan - Partition and Independence – Some Personalities – Motilal Nehru –
Mohamad Ali Jinnah, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Rajaji – The British Legacy.

UNIT V: Some Aspects of the British Rule

Social Reforms under British - Abolition of Devadasi System – Abolition of Sati – Abolition of
Female Infanticide – Widow Remarriage Act – Economic Condition – Religious and Social
Development – Growth of Local Self Government – Development of Education.

MAPS:
1. Early European Settlements.
2. The Carnatic Wars
3. The Centres of 1857 Revolt
4. India at the time of Independence

Reference books
1. Grover, B.L and Grove.S, A New Look on Modern Indian History, S. Chand &

311
 Co, New Delhi, 2006.
2. Krishna Reddy, Indian History, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2003.
3. Mahajan, V.D, Modern Indian History, S. Chand & Co., Limited, New Delhi,
1995.
4. Majumda, R. C, An Advanced History of India, Macmillan, New Delhi, 2002.
5. Nanda,S.P, Landmarks in Indian History (part–II From the Advent of Islam
to Indian Independence), Dominant Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi,
2004
6. Rajayyan,K, A History of Freedom Struggle in India, Ratna
Publications,Madurai,1982.
7. Raychoudry, S.C,History of Modern India, Surjeet Publications, Delhi, 1989.
8. Sathianathair, R,Political and Cultural History of India (Vol.III Modern
India), S.Viswanathan Pvt. Ltd, Madras, 1972.
9. Sharma, L.P, History of Modern India, Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd, Delhi, 2000.
10. Sumit Sarkar, Modern India 1885 - 1947, Macmillan, New Delhi, 2004.
11. Venkatesan, G, History of Freedom Struggle in India, J.J. Publications,
Madurai, 1993.

Core paper
CONTEMPORARY HISTORY OF TAMILNADU (1947 – 2006 A.D.)
(Credits : 4)
Objectives:
a. To understand the political leaders of the contemporary TamilNadu.
b. To identify the social schemes and programs in TamilNadu.
c. To explain the political, social and economic development in
contemporary Tamil Nadu.

Unit I: The Beginning of Congress Rule : O.P. RamasamyReddy – Administration - P.S.

Kumaraswami Raja –Administration- Separation of Executive and Judiciary – Zamindari
Abolition Act – Prohibition of Liquor – Rajaji – Administration – Linguistic Re-organisation and
Formation of Tamil Nadu.

Unit II: The Congress Rule in Tamil Nadu : Kamaraj - Administration - Development of
Education – Industry – Agriculture – Achievements - K Plan – Baktavatsalam - The Fall of
Congress.

Unit III: The Rise of Dravidian Parties in Tamil Nadu : Rise and Growth of DMK –
C.N.Annadurai-DMK’s Manifesto – Administration of Karunanithi – Policies and Programs of
Karunanithi – The Rise and Growth of ADMK - M.G. Ramachandran and his Achievements –
Jayalalitha and her Welfare Schemes.

Unit IV: Socio-Economic Development : Economic Development – Industrial Growth – Social

Welfare Measures from 1947 to 2006.
Unit V: Issues in Tamil Nadu : Anti-Hindi Agitations – Film and Politics - Cauvery River
Water Disputes –Mullai Periyar Dispute– Sri Lankan Tamil Refugees – Reservation Policy -
Problems of Fishermen.
312
Reference books
1. Mangala Murugesan, K, Self-RespectMovement, Thendral Pathippakam, Madras, 1982.
2. Nilakanta Sastri, History of South India, Oxford University Press, Madras,1971.
3. Rajayyan, K., History of Tamilnadu 1565-1982, Ratna Publications, Madurai,1982.
4. Ramaswamy Sastry, K.S, The Tamils and their Culture, Annamalai Nagar,
Chidambaram,1967.
5. Subramanian,N, Social and Cultural History of Tamil Nadu (A.D 1336 – 1984), Ennes
Publication,Udumalapet,2007.
6. Varghese Jeyaraj.S., Socio-Economic History of Tamil Nadu (1565 – 1967 A.D.), Anns
Publication, Uthamapalayam, 2017.
7. Venkatraman,V, DesabimaniP.S.Kumarasamy Raja 1898-1957, (Tamil), Swadanthira
Publications, Rajapalayam,1998.Venkatraman,V, Role of Rajapalayam in Freedom
Struggle (Tamil), Swadanthira Publications, Rajapalayam, 1997.
8. Venkatraman,V, Selected Speeches of P.S.Kumarasamy Raja, (Tamil), Swadanthira
Publications, Rajapalayam, 1999.
9. Venkatesan, G, History of Modern Tamil Nadu 1600 – 2011, Narmatha Publications,
Chennai, 2017.

ALLIED PAPER - MODERN GOVERNMENTS – I (Credits- 4)

Objectives :
To make the Students to understand the basic concepts of Constitution.
To impart them to analyze the working of political institutions.
To enable the students shine in Competitive Examinations.

Unit I: Basic Concepts : State and its Elements – Constitution - Classification of Constitutions
- Forms of Governments – Unitary – Federal - Quasi-Federal -Theory of Separation of Powers –
Executive – Presidential – Parliamentary.

Unit II: Organs of Government : Legislature - Bicameral and Unicameral - Executive –

Judicial Review - Rule of Law- Administrative Law - Party Systems - Single Party - Bi Party –
Multi Party Systems– Pressure Groups.

Unit III: Constitution of United Kingdom : Sources – Salient Features – Distinction between
Written and Unwritten Constitutions – Conventions – Importance of the English Constitution –
Executive; Nature of Parliamentary Executive – King and the Crown –The Prime Minister -
Cabinet - Parliament- The House of Commons - The House of Lords- Process of Law Making -
Committee System - Cabinet dictatorship - Judiciary - Rule of Law – Party System – Local
Government.

Unit IV: Constitution of USA : Salient Features – Separation of Powers – Distinction between
Unitary and Federal States – American Federation and Distribution of Powers – Rigid and
Flexible Constitution – Mode of Constitutional Amendments – Fundamental Rights and
Safeguards.

Unit V: Three Organs of the Constitution of U.S.A : Executive ; Nature of Presidential

Executive – President – Election, Tenure and Removal – Powers and Position – His Cabinet –

313
Vice President- Legislature ; Composition – Powers and Functions – Speaker – Relation between
the Two Houses – Process of Law-making - the Committee System – Judiciary; Structure and
Powers of the Supreme Court – Role of the Supreme Court – Organization of the Judiciary –
Party System – Civil Service – Pressure Groups.

Reference Books:
1. Gomathinayagam,P, Modern Governments, Tensy Publications, Sivakasi, 2015.
2. Jagats, Bright, World Constitutions, Universal Publications, New Delhi, 1971.
3. Jayapalan, N, Modern Governments, Atlantic Publications & Distributors, New
Delhi, 1998.
4. Kapur, A.C, Select Constitutions, S Chand &Co.Ltd, New Delhi, 1975.
5. Kasthuri, J, Modern Governments, Ennes Publications, Udumalapet, 1998.
6. Mahajan, V.D, Select Modern Governments, S.Chand& Co, Ltd, New Delhi, 1969.
7. Ramalingam, T.S, Modern Governments, TSR Publications, Madudai, 1971.
8. VishnooBhagwan, World Constitutions, Sterling Publishers Private Ltd, New Delhi,
2001.

FOURTH SEMESTER - Core paper -

CONTEMPORARY HISTORY OF INDIA (1947 - 2005 A.D.)
(Credits – 4)
Objectives
• To know the contemporary history of India so as to become responsible citizens.
• To enable the students understand the current problems in India so that they could find
answer to them.
• To know the development of independent India.

Unit I: Land and the People : National Symbols - National Flag – National Anthem -
Integration of Princely States – Linguistic Re - Organization of States and Union Territories -
Prime Ministers – Jawaharlal Nehru –Indira Gandhi – Rajiv Gandhi - P.V. Narasimha Rao -
Coalition Governments

Unit II: Social Welfare Programs : Constitutional Safeguards – Legislation Related to

Physically Challenged - Legislations against Untouchability - Welfare of SC and ST – Welfare
of the Minorities – Welfare of the Aged - Tribal Welfare - Women and Child Welfare.

Unit III: Planned Economy of India : Five Year Plans - Nationalisation of Banks - Agrarian
Policy - Green Revolution – White Revolution – Blue Revolution - Industrial Policy - Export and
Import Policy - Labour Policy - Globalisation –Development of Transport and Communication.

Unit IV: Education Policy : National Policy of Education – Dr. Radha Krishnan Commission -
Mudaliar Commission - Kothari Commission - Elementary - Secondary – University and Higher
Education - Growth of Universities and UGC – Vocational and Technical – Women Education –
Rural Education - Progress of Science and Technology.

314
Unit V: Foreign Policy of India : Role of India in Non-Aligned Movement - UNO -
Commonwealth and SAARC – Relationship with USA - Soviet Union - U.K - China - Pakistan
and Sri Lanka.

Reference Books
1. Anlet Sobithabai,W, Contemporary History of India, Sharon Publications,
Marthandam, 2002.
2. Anup Chand Kapur and K.K.Misra, Select Constitutions, S.Chand& Company, New
Delhi, 2002.
3. Bipan Chandra, India After Independence 1947 - 2000, Penguin Books India Ltd.
New Delhi, 1999.
4. Dharmaraj, J, Contemporary History of India, (Tamil),Tensy Publications, Sivakasi,
2015.
5. Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s Foreign Policy, Government of India Publication, New
Delhi, 1983.
6. Motilal Bhargava, History of Modern India, The Upper India Publishing House,
Lucknow, 1977.
7. Mahajan, V.D, History of Modern India 1919 - 1974, Vol. I & II, S. Chand &
Company, New Delhi, 1983.
8. Parmila, N.K, India’s Foreign Policy, Diplomacy in 21st Century, Mangalam
Publications, New Delhi, 2011.
9. Venkatesan, G, ContemporaryIndiaA.D1947 - 2007, Varthaman Publications.

Core paper - HISTORY OF EUROPE (1453 - 1789A.D.) (Credits - 4)

Objectives:
▪
To know importance of Geographical Discoveries
▪
To understand the fall of Papacy in Europe
▪
To study about enlightened despotism

Unit I: Beginning of Modern Age : Fall of Constantinople - Geographical Discoveries – Causes

– Results - End of Feudalism - Rise of Nation States.

Unit II: Renaissance : Meaning – Causes – Renaissance in Italy and other Countries -
Philosophy – Literature – Architecture - Art and Science – Results.

Unit -III: Reformation : `Meaning – Causes – Protestantism in Germany - Martin Luther -

Protestantism in England – Calvinism - Zwingli - Counter Reformation – Society of Jesus -
Results.

Unit IV: Rise of France : Henry IV – Cardinal Richelieu – Cardinal Mazarin – Thirty Years
War – Causes - Course and Results - Louis XIV – Achievements - Jean Colbert - Europe on the
eve of French Revolution.

Unit V:Benevolent Despotism : Peter the Great – Catherine II – Frederick the Great of Prussia
– Maria Theresa of Austria – Joseph II of Austria.

315
Maps:
1. Routes of Geographical Discoveries
2. Important Centres of Renaissance
3. Thirty Years War
4. Louis XIV
5. Partition of Poland.
References Books
1. Andrew Graham Dixon, Renaissance, University of California Press, California,
1999.
2. ArunBattacharjee, History of Europe (1453 - 1789), Sterling Publishers Private
Limited, New Delhi, 2001.
3. Charles River Editors,French Legends: The Life and Legacy of King Louis XIV
Create Space Independent Publishing Platform, North Charleston South Carolina,
2013.
4. Cicely Veronica Wedgwood, The Thirty Years War, Review Books, New York,
1938.
5. Dharmaraj, J, History of Europe1453 - 1789A.D, (Tamil), Tensy Publications,
Sivakasi, 2015.
6. James Edward Gillespie, A History of Geographical Discovery, 1400 - 1800, H.
Holt and Company, New York, 1933.
7. Ramalingam, T.S., History of Europe1453 - 1815 A.D, T.S.R, Publications,
Madurai, 1971.
8. Rao, B.V, History of Europe (1453 – 1815), Sterling Publishers Private Limited,
New Delhi, 2002.

ALLIED PAPER- MODERN GOVERNMENTS - II

(Credits - 4)
Objectives:
• To make the Students to study about various Constitutions.
• To impart them the working of Political Institutions
• To enable the students shine in Competitive Examinations.

Unit I: Constitution of Switzerland : Salient Features – Federation and Distribution of Powers

– Federal Council – Its Composition, Powers and Position – Legislature – Composition and
Powers – Relation Between the Two Powers – Judiciary – Party System – Direct Democracy –
An Evaluation - Mode of Amendment.

Unit II: Constitution of France : Constitutional Development upto 1985 – Circumstances

leading to the Fifth Republic- Main features of the Constitution of the Fifth Republic – Executive
– President – Powers and Position – Cabinet – Powers and Position – Legislature – Composition
and Powers – Judiciary – Administrative Law – Structure of the Judiciary – Party System –
Multi-party System – Local Government – Mode of Amendment.

316
Unit III: Constitution of India : Sources- Salient features –Federation and Distribution of
Powers - Fundamental Rights – Nature and Safeguards - Fundamental Duties - Directive
Principles of State Policy.

Unit IV: Union Executive of India

President – Election and Impeachment – Powers and Position - Vice President - Council of
Ministers – Formation – Powers and Position – Prime Minister - Powers and Position.

Unit V: The Parliament of India

Legislature : Composition and Powers of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha – Presiding Officers –
Relation between the two Houses – Process of Law Making - Committee System – Judiciary:
Structure and Powers of the Supreme Court – Organization of the Judiciary – Government of the
State – Union-State Relations – Administrative, Legislative and Financial – Emergency
Provisions – Mode of Amendment – Civil Service – Party System.

Reference Books:
1. Gomathinayagam, P, Modern Governments, Tensy Publications, Sivakasi 2015.
2. Jayapalan, N, ModernGovernments, Atlantic Publications &
Distributors, New Delhi,1998.
3. Kapur, A.C, Select Constitutions, S Chand &Co.Ltd, New Delhi,1975
4. Mahajan V.D, Select Modern Governments, S.Chand& Co, Ltd,, New Delhi,1969.
5. VishnooBhagawan, WorldConstitutions, Sterling Publishers Private Ltd, New Delhi,
2001.
6. Kasthuri, J, Modern Governments, Ennes Publications, Udumalaipet, 1998.
7. Ramalingam, T.S, Modern Governments, TSR Publications, Madudai, 1971.

SEMESTER V
Core paper - HISTORY OF EUROPE (1789-1919A.D.) (Credits – 4)
Objectives:
▪
To understand the age of revolutions
▪
To study the unification of Italy and Germany
▪
To know about the liberal movements in Europe

Unit I: The French Revolution : Condition of Europe at the time of French Revolution - Causes
- Course - National Assembly – Revolutionary Government – Reign of Terror- Results and
Significance. Napoleonic Era - Early Life – Directory – Consulate – Emperor – Wars -
Continental System – Causes for failure – Domestic Reforms – Code Napoleon - Downfall.

Unit II: Diplomacy and Revolution : Vienna Congress – Metternich - Holy Alliance – Concert
of Europe – Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 –Causes and Results - Napoleon III - His Wars -
Failure.

Unit III: Emergence of Nationalism : Unification of Italy – Mazzini – Cavour – Garibaldi –

Victor Immanuel II - Unification of Germany – Bismarck – Wars – Achievements.

317
Unit IV: Eastern Question : Definition – Serbian Independence - Greek War of Independence
– Mehamet Ali Affair - Crimean War – Insurrections in Bosnia and Hersegovina- The Russo-
Turkish War - Insurrections in the Balkan States – Final Phase of the Eastern Question – Balkan
League and the Balkan Wars.

Unit V: The First World War and Treaties : Causes– Course – Results –Paris Peace
Conference – Effects of the War.
Maps:
1. Napoleon’s Empire
2. Vienna Settlements
3. Unification of Italy
4. Unification of Germany
5. Europe under First World War
Reference Books
1. Alan Jamieson, European Conflict – A History of Europe 1800 to 1980,
Hutchinson Publication London, 1982.
2. Daniel Ziblatt, Structuring the State: The Formation of Italy and Germany and the
Puzbzle of Federalism, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 2006.
3. Fisher, H.A.L, Historyof Europe, Vol II, Surjeeth Publications, Delhi, 1994.
4. Grant, A.J, Europe in the 19th and 20thCentury, Longman
Publication, New Delhi, 1980.
5. Nandha, S.P, History of Modern Europe and the World, Anmol Publication,
New Delhi, 2000.
6. Rao, B.V, History of Europe, Sterling Publishers, 2002.
7. Southgate, A Text Book of Modern European History, J.M. Dent and Sons,
London 1972.
8. Sreenivasa Murthy, History of Europe 1789 to 1916, Himalaya Publication,
New Delhi, 1992.

Core paper - HISTORY OF WORLD CIVILIZATIONS (Credits – 4)

Objectives:
▪
To know about civilizations of various countries
▪
To make the students understand the value of civilizations
▪
To analyze the evolution features and legacy of World civilizations

Unit I: Introduction : Civilization - Meaning and Definition – Causes for the growth of
Civilization – Difference between Civilization and Culture. Egyptian Civilization – The
Government – Socio-Economic condition – Art – Religion and Literature.

Unit II: Mesopotamian Civilization : Sumerian Civilization Features – Legacy – Babylonian

Civilization – Hanging Garden- People – Government – The Code Hammurabi – Socio-
Economic condition – Art –Religion - Literature.

318
Unit III: Classical Civilizations : Greek Civilization – City States – Athenian Democracy –
Legacy in the field of Art – Architecture – Philosophy – Education and Science. Roman
Civilization - Political Legacy – Roman Law – Legacy in the field of Art – Architecture –
Religion – Philosophy – Education and Science.

Unit IV: Byzantine Civilization : The Government - Emperor Justinian – Government – Socio
and Economic Conditions – Contribution to Art – Religion and Philosophy. Feudalism –
Features – Merits and Demerits – Manorial System.

Unit V: World Religions : Christianity - Life and Teachings of Jesus Christ - Life and
Teachings of Prophet Mohammad – Hinduism – Saivism – Vaishnavism – Zorastrianism–
Judaism -Confucianism.
Reference Books
1. Arnold Pacey, Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-Year History, The
MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1991.
2. Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, Oxford University Press, New York, 1974.
3. Davies, H.A, An Outline History of the World, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,
1968.
4. Dharmaraj, J, History of World Civilizations, (Tamil), Tensy Publications Sivakasi,
2015.
5. Manoj Sharma, History of World Civilizations, Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited,
New Delhi, 2005.
6. Philip J. Adler, Randall L. Pouwels, World Civilizations, Wadsworth, Boston, 2008.
7. Philip Lee Ralph & Others, World Civilizations, W.W. Norton, New York, 1997.
8. Swain, J.E, A History of World Civilizations, Eurasia Publishing House, New Delhi,
1997.
9. Will Durant, A Story of Civilization, Simon& Schuster, New York, 1954.

Core paper - ELEMENTS OF HISTORIOGRAPHY (Credits:4)

Objectives:
▪
To understand the meaning, scope and purpose of History.
▪
To analyse the research contributions of Historians and research techniques in History.
▪
To understand the methodology of historical writing.

UNIT I: Introduction : Definitions of History –Scope and Purpose of History – Is History

Science or Art - Branches of History – Social - Political – Military - Cultural and Constitutional -
History and its Allied subjects.

UNIT II: Significance of History : The Importance of study of History - Uses and Abuses of
History – Lessons of History –Limitations of History

UNIT III: Eminent Foreign Historians and their Contributions : Herodotus – Thucydides –
Machiavelli – Montesquieu – Vico – Edward - Gibbon – Toynbee -Their Contributions to
Historical Writing.

319
UNIT IV: Eminent Indian Historians and their Contributions : Kalhana - Alberuni- Barani
– Abul Fazl - J.N Sarkar - K.A.N. Sastri - Their Contributions to Historical Writing.

UNIT V: Research Methodology : Historical Research –Pre-requisites of a Research Scholar -

Selection of Topic - Criticism – Synthesis – Exposition – Subjectivity and Objectivity in
Historical Writing - Documentation.

Reference Books
1. Carr,E.H, ‘What is History?, Macmillan & Co. Ltd., London, 1962.
2. Manickam, S, Theory of History and Method of Research, Padumam Publishers,
Madurai, 2000.
3. Rajayyan, K, History Its Theory and Method, Ratna Publications, Madurai, 1999.
4. Sheik Ali, B, History: Its Theory and Method, MacMillan India Ltd., Madras, 1984.
5. Sreedharan, E, A Text Book of Historiography (500 B.C. – A.D. 2000), Orient Black
Swan, Delhi, 2004.
6. Subramanian, N, Historiography and Historical Methods, Ennes Publications,
Vadipatti, 1993.
7. Venkatesan, G, Historiography, Narmatha Publication, Chennai, 2017.

Core paper - HISTORY OF THE U.S.A. (FROM COLONISATION TO 1865 A.D.)

(Credits- 4)
Objectives:
▪
To identify the significant events that contributed to the development of the United States.
▪
To discuss the major historical events in American history from colonization to the Civil
War.
▪
To discuss the sources of historical change in the American Society.

Unit 1: Discovery and Colonization : Voyages and Exploration - Settlement and Colonization
- Colonial Culture -The American War of Independence – Causes - Course – Results –
Confederation - The Constitution

Unit II: Federalism to Republicanism : George Washington – Internal policy – Hamilton’s

Financial Policy – Foreign policy - John Adams – XYZ Affairs - Midnight Judges – Election of
1800 – Republican Revolution - Thomas Jefferson – Internal Reforms - Marbury Vs Madison
Case - James Madison - The War of 1812 – Causes – Course – Results

Unit III: The Era of Good Feelings : James Monroe – Internal Reforms - Monroe Doctrine -
Andrew Jackson – Jacksonian Democracy

Unit IV: Territorial Expansion : Westward Expansion – Causes – Course – Condition of

Native Indians – Tecumseh – Manifest Destiny.

Unit V: The Civil War : Issue of Slavery – Causes of the Civil War - Secession – Abraham
Lincoln - The Course of Civil War – The Emancipation of the Slaves - Results.

320
Reference Books
1. Charles A. Beard, Beard, Mary R, William Beard, The Beards’ New Basic History
of the United States, Doubleday & Company, Inc., New York, 1960.
2. Henry Bamford Parkes, The United States of America, A History, Scientific
Book Agency, Calcutta, 1976.
3. Hill, C.P, A History of United States, Arnold Henimann Publishers, New Delhi,
1976.
4. Majumdar R.K and Srivastva, A.N, The History of The United States of America
(From Colonisation to 1865 A.D)S B D Publishers’ Distributors, New Delhi,
1994.
5. Marshall Smelser, American History at a Glance, Barners and Nonle,
New York,1966.
6. Rajayyan, K, A History of United States, Madurai Publishing House, Madurai,
1981.
7. Sharma Mahmood, The History of America from Pre-Colonial times to World
War II, Pearson Publication, New Delhi,2012.
8. Subramanian, N, A History of USA, Ennes Publications, Udumalpet, 2006.

SEMESTER VI
Core paper - HISTORY OF THE MODERN WORLD (1919-1991A.D.)
(Credits – 4)
Objectives:
▪
To study the causes of the Second World War.
▪
To know about Nazism, Fascism and the impact of Cold War.
▪
To analyze the importance of Regional alliances.

Unit I: World between the Wars : The League of Nations –Organs – Achievements-Failure –
Fascism in Italy – Nazism in Germany.

Unit II: War and Peace : The Second World War – Causes – Course – Results –The Formation
of UNO – Achievements –The Specialised Agencies.

Unit III: Cold War : Causes- Various Phases – Military Alliances – Marshal Plan – NATO –
SEATO – CENTO-Warsaw Pact - Effects of Cold War.

Unit IV: Regional Organisations : OAS- OAU – The Arab League-ASEAN – EEC –NAM –
Commonwealth-SAARC – OPEC.

Unit V: Regional Conflicts : Arab-Israel Conflict – Gulf War – Apartheid in South Africa -
Disintegration of Soviet Union.

321
References Books
1. David, M.D. Landmark in World History, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai,
2003.
2. Gokhale,B.K. History of Modern World (1900-1960), Himalaya Publishing
House, Mumbai,1991.
3. Keswani,K.B,International Relations in Modern World (1900-1995), Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbai, 2002.
4. Khanna, V.N, International Relations, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 2013.
5. Richard H. Immerman, Petra Goedde, The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War,
Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013.
6. Robert J. McMahon, The Cold War: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford
University Press, Oxford, 2003.
7. Srivastava, L.N, InternationalRelations, Surjeet Publications, Mumbai, 1999.
8. Stewart Ross, Causes and Consequences of the Arab-Israeli Conflict,
Evans Brothers, 1995.

Core paper -HISTORY OF THE USA (1865 - 1945 A.D.) (Credits – 4 )

Objectives:
▪
To identify the events contributing to the development of the United States.
▪
To discuss the interpretations of major historical events in American history from
Reconstruction to the Second World War.
▪
To discuss the sources of historical change and explain relationship pertaining to historical
transformations.
▪
Unit I: Reconstruction and Development : Presidential Reconstruction Plans – Lincolns’ Ten
Percent Plan – Johnson’s Plan - Congressional Reconstruction- Black Reconstruction- Radicals –
Ku Klux Klan - Rise of Big Business – Agrarian, Granger and Labour Movements.

Unit II: Rise of Imperialism : Growth of Imperialism – Causes-Spanish American War-Pan

Americanism- Open Door Policy -Theodore Roosevelt – Internal Policy -Square Deal – Foreign
Policy - Big Stick Diplomacy – William Taft –Dollar Diplomacy

Unit III: USA in First World War : Woodrow Wilson – Internal Policy - USA in the First
World War – Fourteen Points of Wilson.

Unit IV: Economic Depression and Recovery : Herbert Hoover - Great Depression – Causes
and its Impact –Franklin D. Roosevelt – New Deal – Achievements-Foreign Policy.

Unit V: USA in the Second World War : Factors leading USA to the Second World War –
Pearl Harbour Attack – US Attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki - War time Conferences –Atlantic
Charter- Establishment of UNO.

Reference Books
1. David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and
War, 1929-1945, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998.

322
 2. Donna Lee Dickerson, The Reconstruction Era: Primary Documents on Events from
1865 to 1877, Greenwood Press, London, 2003.
3. Gregory Moore, Defining and Defending the Open Door Policy: Theodore Roosevelt
and China, Lexington Books, New York, 2015.
4. Hill, C.P, A History of the United States, Arnold Henimann Pubishers, New Delhi,
1976.
5. Kenneth E. Hendrickson Jr, The Spanish-American War, Greenwood Press, London,
2003.
6. Rajayyan, K, A History of the United States, Madurai Publishing House, Madurai,
1981.
7. Richard Zuczek, Encyclopaedia of the Reconstruction Era Vol – II, Greenwood Press,
London, 2006.
8. Subramanian. N, A History of USA, Ennes Publication, Udumalpet, 2006.

Core paper - CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF INDIA (1773 – 1950A.D.)

(Credits – 4)
Objectives
▪
To know the Constitutional developments in India.
▪
To enrich the knowledge of the students with the form of Government by which they are
governed.
▪
To install a deep interest in the preservation of unity, integrity and solidarity of our
Nation.

Unit I: Development of the Constitution from 1773 to 1853 : The Regulating Act, 1773 –
Provisions – Defects of the Act – Bengal Judicature Act, 1781 – Pitt’s India Act, 1784 –
Provisions and Significance– The Charter Acts of 1793 – 1813- 1833 and 1853 – Provisions –
Significances.

Unit II: Constitutional Development from 1858 to 1919 : Queen’s Proclamation, 1858 -
Significance – Indian Councils Act 1861 and 1892 – Provisions – Importance – Minto - Morley
Reforms, 1909– Provisions – Significance- Government of India Act, 1919 – Provisions –
Nature and Working of Dyarchy in the Provinces – Importance.

Unit III: Development of Constitution from 1935 to 1947 : The Government of India Act,
1935 - Provisions – All India Federation – Provincial Autonomy - The Constitutional
Development between 1935 and 1947 – The August Offer – Cripps Proposal – Wavell Plan –
The Cabinet Mission Plan – Mountbatten Plan – The Indian Independence Act, 1947.

Unit IV: Features of Indian Constitution

Framing of Indian Constitution- Constituent Assembly- Salient Features – Sources- Fundamental
Rights- Fundamental Duties- Directive Principles of State Policy – President – Vice – President-
Prime Minister and Cabinet.

Unit V: The Parliament of India

Composition and Powers of Rajya Sabha – Lok Sabha- Process of Law Making-Committee
System – Judiciary- Judicial Review.
323
Reference Books:
1. Agarwal, R.C,Constitutional Development of India and National Movement,
S.Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi, 1999.
2. Chand Kapur, Constitutional History of India: 1765 – 1970, S.L. Niraj Prakashan,
New Delhi, 1970.
3. Gupta,D.C, Indian National Movement and Constitutional Development, Vikas
Publishing House, New Delhi 1976.
4. Joshi,B.V, Constitutional History of India, S. Chand & Company Ltd , New Delhi
,1985.
5. Kapur,A.C, Constitutional History of India 1765 to 1975, S. Chand & Company
Ltd , New Delhi ,1985.
6. Mahajan,V.D, Constitutional History of India, Including the Nationalists
Movement, S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi,1969.
7. Prema Arora, Constitutional Development and National Movement in India,
Bookhive, New Delhi, 1985.
8. VishnooBhagawan, Indian Constitutional Development: 1600 to 1947, Sterling
Publishers Private Limited, New Delhi, 2001.

Core paper - INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY (Credits – 4 )

Objectives:
▪
To explain the importance of archaeology in the study of history.
▪
To learn the different methods of archaeological excavation.
▪
To expose and excavate the various archaeological sites in India.

Unit I: Introduction : Nature-Scope and Purpose – Values – Kinds of Archaeology –

Pre- Historic and Historic Archaeology –New Archaeology -Marine Archaeology.

Unit II: Indian Archaeologists : Alexander Cunningham – Bruce Foote – Sir John Marshall -
Stuart Piggott – N.B. Lal– H.D. Sankalia – S.R. Rao – T.V. Mahalingam – K.V. Raman.

Unit III: Science of Archaeology : Dating Methods – Radio Carbon Methods – Pollen Tests –
Dendro chronology Thermo luminescence – Exploration – Ground Survey – Aerial Photography
– Magnetic Prospecting (Magnetometer).

Unit IV: Archaeological Survey Methods : Resistivity Survey- Electro Magnetic Survey –
Excavation – Trenching – Gridding – Open Stripping – Digging Procedures – Recording -
Photography – Digging Equipments – Personnel -Excavation of Burial Moulds – Graves – Pits –
Trenches.

Unit V: Archaeological Sites of India : Indian Archaeological Sites – Harappa – Mohen-jo-

daro – Nalanda – Dwaraka – Arikkamedu – Kaveripoompattinam – Adhichanallur – Keeladi
– Azhakankulam – Preservation and Documentation- Organic and Inorganic Study – Analysis
– Recording.

324
Reference Books
1. Basham, A.L, The Wonder That was India, Macmillan Publications, London,
1957.
2. Daniel, Glyn Edmund, A Hundred Years Archaeology, Ann Arbori:
U Microfilms, 1973.
3. Egambaranathan, Arangam Ponnusamy, Thollial Agalaivu,

4. Gomathinayagam, P, An Introduction to Archaeology, Sri Vinayaga Pathipagam,

Rajapalayam, 1997.
5. Ramachandran, K.S, Archaeology of South India: Tamil Nadu,
Sundeep Prakasham, Delhi, 1980.
6. Raman, K.V, Principles and Methods of Archaeology, Parthajan Publications,
Chennai, 1991.
7. Venkatraman, Ramaswamy, Indian Archaeology: (A Survey), Ennes Publications,
Madurai, 1985.
8. Wheeler, Sir Mortimer, Archaeology from the Earth, Hammonds Worth, 1956.

***

325