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Unit 3 CH 2 Wireless Commnication

The document outlines various IEEE standards related to wireless communication, particularly focusing on the IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless local area networks (WLANs), commonly known as Wi-Fi. It details the architecture of WLANs, including components like stations, basic service sets, and extended service sets, as well as the evolution of Wi-Fi standards from 802.11 to 802.11p. Additionally, it covers Bluetooth technology, mobile generations, and their respective features and specifications.

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3 views8 pages

Unit 3 CH 2 Wireless Commnication

The document outlines various IEEE standards related to wireless communication, particularly focusing on the IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless local area networks (WLANs), commonly known as Wi-Fi. It details the architecture of WLANs, including components like stations, basic service sets, and extended service sets, as well as the evolution of Wi-Fi standards from 802.11 to 802.11p. Additionally, it covers Bluetooth technology, mobile generations, and their respective features and specifications.

Uploaded by

nehaukarde83
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wireless Communication

IEEE standards for network topologies

• IEEE 802.1: Standards related to network management.

• IEEE 802.2: General standard for the data link layer in the OSI Reference Model.

• The IEEE divides this layer into two sublayers –

the logical link control (LLC) layer and


the media access control (MAC) layer.
• IEEE 802.3: Defines the MAC layer for bus networks that use CSMA/CD.
This is the basis of the Ethernet standard.

• IEEE 802.4: Defines the MAC layer for bus networks that use a token passing
mechanism (token bus networks).

• IEEE 802.5: Defines the MAC layer for token-ring networks.

• IEEE 802.6: Standard for Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs).

• IEEE 802.11 : Wireless Network Standards:


It is the collection of standards setup for wireless LAN.
Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11
• IEEE 802.11 is a set of standards for wireless local area networks (WLANs),
commonl known as Wi-Fi, defining the MAC and physical layer protocols.
• Wireless LANs are those Local Area Networks that use high frequency radio waves
instead of cables for connecting the devices in LAN.
• Users connected by WLANs can move around within the area of network coverage.

IEEE 802.11 Architecture /WLAN

The components of an IEEE 802.11 architecture are as follows


1) Stations (STA) − Stations comprise all devices and equipment that are connected to the
wireless LAN. A station can be of two types:
Wireless Access Point (WAP) − WAPs or simply access points (AP) are generally wireless
routers that form the base stations.
Client − Clients are workstations, computers, laptops, printers, smartphones, etc.
Each station has a wireless network interface controller.

2) Basic Service Set (BSS) −


A basic service set is a group of stations communicating at physical layer level.
BSS can be of two categories depending upon mode of operation:
Infrastructure BSS − Here, the devices communicate with other devices through access
points.

Independent BSS − Here, the devices communicate in peer-to-peer basis in an ad hoc


manner (Without using AP).

3) Extended service set:


The ESS configuration consists of multiple basic service set cells that can be linked by
either wired or wireless backbones called a distributed system.
Wi Fi
• WiFi is a universal wireless networking technology that utilizes radio frequencies to
transfer data.
• WiFi allows high-speed Internet connections without the use of cables.
• The term WiFi is a contraction of "wireless fidelity" and commonly used to refer to
wireless networking technology.
• It is Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) product based on IEEE 802.11 standard
802.11 standards (Versions):

• 802.11 (Original): IEEE 802.11 was the original version released in 1997.
It provided 1 Mbps or 2 Mbps data rate in the 2.4 GHz band
• 802.11a: 802.11a was published in 1999 as a modification to 802.11. It provides a
maximum data rate of 54 Mbps operating in the 5 GHz band. Besides it provides error
correcting code.
• 802.11b: 802.11b is a direct extension of the original 802.11 standard that appeared in
early 2000. It operates in the 2.4 GHz band. It has a higher data rate of 11 Mbps as
compared to 2 Mbps of 802.11, due to which it was rapidly adopted in wireless LANs.
• 802.11g: 802.11g was introduced in 2003 and operates in the 2.4 GHz band. It offers a
maximum data rate of 54 Mbps, backward compatible with 802.11b. It uses OFDM
technique(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing).
• 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4): 802.11n was approved and published in 2009 that operates on both
the 2.4 GHz and the 5 GHz bands. It has variable data rate ranging from 54 Mbps to 600
Mbps. It provides improvement over previous standards 802.11 by incorporating
multiple-input multiple-output antennas (MIMO antennas).
• IEEE 802.11p, IEEE 802.11p, also known as WAVE, is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11
standard designed for wireless access in vehicular environments, supporting
communication between vehicles and other road infrastructure, other vehicles, and
pedestrians, facilitating applications like safety warnings, traffic management in the 5.9
GHz band.

Year Data Rate Freq. Addition


802.11 1997 1 or 2 2.4 GHz
Original MBPS
802.11 a 1999 54 MBPS 5 GHz Error Correction
802.11 b 2000 11 MBPS 2.4 GHz Widely Aopted
802.11 g 2003 54 MBPS 2.4 GHz Backword Compatible
802.11b , OFDM
802.11 n 2009 54 to 600 2.4 GHz MIMO
(WiFi 4) MBPS to 5 GHz
802.11 p 5.9 GHz , WAVE , Communication Between Vehicles and other
Bluetooth
• It is a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) technology and is used for exchanging
data over smaller distances.
• It operates in the unlicensed, industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band at 2.4 GHz to
2.485 GHz.
• Bluetooth ranges upto 10 meters.
• It provides data rates upto 1 Mbps or 3 Mbps depending upon the version.
• It is used to connect devices of different functions such as telephones, computers (laptop
or desktop), notebooks, cameras, printers and so on.
• Bluetooth Architecture defines 2 types of networks.
1)Piconet
2)Scatternet

Piconet
Piconet is a type of Bluetooth network that contains one primary node called master node
and seven active secondary nodes called slave nodes.
Thus, we can say that there are total of 8 active nodes which are present at a distance of 10
meters.
The communication between the primary and secondary node can be one-to-one or one-to-
many.
Possible communication is only between the master and slave; Slave-slave
communication is not possible.
Scatternet

It is formed by using various piconets.


A slave that is present in one piconet can act as master or we can say primary in
another piconet.
This kind of node can receive message from master in one piconet and deliver the
message to its slave into the other piconet where it is acting as a master.
This type of node is refer as bridge node.
A station cannot be master in two piconets.
Mobile Generation

Feature 1G 2G 3G 4G

1 Generation First Second Third Fourth

2 Year of 1970 1990 2001 2010


Introduction

3 Technology Analog Digital Broadband, IP, IP_Broaadband


Cellular Cellular FDD, ,
TDD WiFi,MIMO

4 Standard AMPS CDMA, CDMA, UMTS, Wi-Max and


TDMA, W-CDMA LTE
GSM

5 Switching Circuit Circuit / Circuit / Packet Packet


Packet

6 Frequency 824-894 850- 1.6 GHz – 2.5 2-8 GHz


Band MHz 1900 GHz
MHz

7 Data Speed 2.4 Kbps 9.6 Kbps 2 Mbps 50 Mbps

8 Multiplexing FDMA CDMA, CDMA MC-CDMA,


TDMA OFDM

9 Core PSTN PSTN Packet Internet


Network Network
1 Services Only Digital High Speed Dynamic
0 Voice or Voice, Data, Voice Information
Only Data, Videos Access
Message SMS

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