APROJECT REPORT

ON
$
AUTOMATIC RAIN DETECTION

ELECTRONICS&COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY: - PAWAN SHARMA (2300560310036)
SHIWANSH TRIPATHI(2300560310047)
RAHUL KUSHAWAHA (2300560310041)
SUBMITTED TO: - MR. PRAMOD KUMAR GUPTA

BABU BANARASI DAS NORTHERN INDIA INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY, LUCKNOW
NATIONAL
INSTITUTE os

+LWCANGW+
11c

AFFILIATED BY: - DR. APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL

UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW
rECHNICA

UNIVERSI
LUKNO
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Iwould like to thank BBDNIT Electronics Department &Mr.
Kumar Gupta Sir who gave us this opportunity
that we can make this project the project title is Automatic
Rain Detection."

The Topic of this project was taken by our group under the
guidance of Mr. Pramod Kumar Gupta Sir So; we hereby
completed our project successfully.
We will also like to thank our friends and fellow teachers
who help us in making this project successfully and under
the dead line.
 DECLARATION
We by here declared that project report entitled "Automatic Rain
Detection

Submitted by Shiwansh Tripathi (2300560310047), Pawan Sharma

(2300560310036) & Rahul Kushawaha (230056031 0041) to Babu
Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology Lucknow in
partial fufilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
B. Tech in Electronics And Communication Engineering is a record
for the bonafide project work carried out by us under the guidance
of Mr. Pramod Kumar Gupta Sir
S
ABSTRACT
The "Automatic Rain Detection Smart Roof for Cloth" is a system
designed to automatically protect clothes or fabrics from rain by
closing aroof cover when rainfall is detected. The system uses a
rain sensor to sense the presence of rain. Once rain is detected, the
sensor sends a signal to a relay module, which then activates a
motor to close the roof, protecting the clothes from getting wet.
The key components of the system include a rain detection module,
a relay, and a motor to control the roof. The rain sensor detects
moisture, and the relay switches the motor on or off based on the
rain detection. This simple automation eliminates the need for
manual intervention, offering aconvenient solution for outdoor
drying areas or fabric storage.
This project offers potential applications in outdoor laundry
systems, commercial fabric drying, and even in outdoor shelters or
storage areas, enhancing convenience and ensuring materials are
safeguarded against unpredictable weather conditions.
 INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION
2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF AUTOMATIC RAIN DETECTION
3. RAIN MODULE

4. RELAY MODULE

5. PIN DIAGRAM OF RELAY

6. BO GEAR MOTOR

7. MICRO SWITCH

8. CIRCUIT DESIGN

9. WORKING
 Introduction
in today's world, automation is increasingly being
used to simplity
tasks and improve efficiency. One such application is the "Automaticeveryday
Rain
Detection System," which uses sensors and relay modules to detect raintall
and automatically trigger certain actions without human
intervention. The
primary aim of this project is to develop a system that automatically detects
rain and takes predefined actions,such as activating a motor or
controlling
outdoor equipment to protect items from weather changes.
The system works by usinga rain sensor module that detects the presence of
rain through changes in moisture levels or water conductivity. When rain is
detected, the sensor sends a signal to a relay, which acts as a switch to
controlexternal devices. For example. the relay could activate a motor to
close a roof or retract an awning, protecting clothes, equipment, or any other
outdoor items from rain.
This project eliminates the need for manual control in environments exposed
to unpredictable weather. It can be particularly useful in applications like
outdoor clothing drying areas, smart shelters, or agricultural fields, where
rain detection and quick responses are essential. By using a relay and rain
sensor module, the system provides an efficient, reliable, and automated
solution to reduce the risk of damage caused by rainfall and enhance
convenience for users.

The simplicity and cost-effectiveness of this system make it an ideal solution

for smart homes, outdoor storage, and other environments where
automation is beneficial,providing both ease of use and protection in
changing weather conditions
 Circuit diagram of automatic rain detection

Components required
" Rain
Module (a module with rain sensing plate)
" 5V1 Channel Relay Module
" BO Gear Motor
" Jumper Wire
" Limit/Micro switch
" Heat shrink
 ABOUT RAIN MODULE (A MODULE WITH RAIN SENSING
PLATE)
SonsoI Inpul
Sonsor Output

Cormparator Op
Amp

Trim-pot A0just
Sensitivity

Powcr LED

00 GNO VCE
Signa! LED

Analog OUT Digital oUT GND VCC

Arain module is an electronic sensor used to detect rainfall. It typically

consists of a rain sensing plate made of two metalpads that complete a
circuit when raindrops fall on them, causing a change in the electrical signal.
This change is detected by the module's circuitry, which sends a signal
(usually to amicrocontroller like Arduino) indicating that it is raining. The rain
module can then trigger actions such as turning off sprinklers in an irrigation
system,sending notifications, or activating other devices based on the rain
detection. It is commonly used in applications like weather stations,
automated irrigation systems, and smart home devices to prevent water
wastage during rainfall.
 5V 1 CHANNEL RELAY MODULE
Status
Outpuc 5V Relay LED
Terminal
Header

PoWer

TOnsstor Jog Diode

A5V 1-ChannelRelay Module is an electronic device used to control high

power devices with a low-power signal from a microcontroller like an Arduin
or Raspberry Pi. It consists of a relay switch that is activated by a 5V input
signal, allowing the relay to close its internal switch and enable current to
flow toconnected devices like motors, lights,or irrigation systems. The
module typically has pins for VCC (5V power), GND (ground), and IN (input
signal), along with output pins NO (Normally Open),NC (NormallyClosed),
and COM (Common) to control the high-power load. This module is widely
used in home automation, automated irrigation, and various robotics projects
to safelycontrol electrical devices with low-voltage microcontroller signals.
 PIN DIAGRAM OF RELAY

CiCI

1.VCC

Function: Provides power to the relay module.

Voltage: Connect this to a5V power supply (e... the 5V pin of an Arduino or external
power supply).
Tip: Ensure the voltage is stable to avoid malfunctions.

2.GND

Function: Ground connection for the module.

Gonnection: Connect this to the ground (GND) pin of your microcontroller or power
source.
Importance: It ensures a common reference for the relay and the control system.

3.IN (Input)
Function: Control signal input pin.
Logic:
High (1) or Low (0) signal triggers the relay to turn ON or OFF.
Low-level trigger is common (relay activates when this pin is LOW).
Connection: Connect this pin to a GPIO pin of your microcontroller (e.g. Arduino digital
pin).
Tip: Use a suitable resistor if needed to protect the microcontroller.

Other Components on the Relay Module

1.Relay
devices
The actual switching component. It can handle high-voltage (AC or DC)
connected via its terminals.
2.LED Indicator

Shows the relay's status (ONWOFF).

Lit LED: Relay is active,
No LED: Relay is inactive.

3.JD-VCC (Optional Pin)

On sormG module5, this pin is us6d to power the relaycoil soparately Iis
when isolating the control circuít fron the power circait
Typically connectGd via a jumper to the VCC pin if you dontneed iSolat10,

Relay Terminal (High-Voltage Side)

1.COM (Common)
The common terrninal where the input power connects.
Connection: Connect one wire of your load (e.4.. a light bulb) to this terninal.
2.NO (Normally Open)
The terminal where power flows when the relay is active (ON).
Usage: Connect here if you want the load OFF by default and ON when activated.
3.NC (Normally Closed)
The terminal where power flows when the relay is inactive (OFF).
Usage: Connect here if you want the load ON by default and OFF when activated.
 BOGEAR MOTOR

Negthe
Terminal

emtal

A OGear Motor is a compact and COst-effective motor widely used in robotics and
IN ets It iombmes a DC motor with a built-in gearbox, which reduces the
tNtt s geed (kEA) andinereases its torque (turning power). This makes it ideal
tiwatons equting eOntholled, powerful movements, such as driving small
htnheels, tati plattomns, or lifting lightweight objects.
compatible with
1he ttoYoerates on a voltage range of 3V to 12V, making ít
Iattenes lihe AA cells or pOwer fron microcontrollers. It has two wires (red for
istive and blacÁ for neuative) for simple connections, and reversing the power
i e s the drecton of totation.
driver (like L298N), enabling
oe ecise ontrol, it can be used with a motor
like Arduino or Raspberry Pi, Bo
eed a dectimontol viaicOcontrolers
Nos ae affonialle, beginner-fnendly, and
suitable for projects like line-following
they are best for
Is tateaVodmu obots, or miniature vehicles. However,
size and moderate power output.
rh and kow-steed tashs due to their compact
 LIMIT/ MICRO SWITCH

Amicro switch is a small, highly sensitive electrical switch that activates

with minimal physical force and is widely used in
robotics
projects for detecting positions or movement. It has three and DIY
COM (Common), NO (normally open), and NC terminals:
allowing flexible circuit configurations. When the(normally closed),
switch is pressed, it
quickly changes its state, sending a signal to control devices or
microcontrollers. Micro switches are compact, reliable, and operate at
low voltages (3V-12V), making them ideal for safety
position detection, or limit control in projects like doors,mechanisms,
robots, or
automated systems.
 CIRCUIT DESIGN
To design an automatic rain detection circuit
.sing
using a5V 1-channel relay module, connecta rain
sensor module to detect water droplets. The rain
sensor has two parts: the detection board and the
control module. Connect the VCC and GND of the
control module to a 5V power supply, and the
signal output (D0 or A0)to the IN pin of the relay
module. Connect the relay's VCC and GND to the
same power supply. On the high-voltage side of
the relay, connect the NO (Normally Open)
terminal to the live wire of the device you want to
control (e.g., a fan or alarm), the COM (Common)
to the power source, and leave the NC (Normally
Closed) terminal unconnected. When rain is
detected, the sensor sends a signal toactivate the
relay, switching ON the connected device (e.g., an
alarm or cover system). Ensure proper grounding
and insulation for safe operation.
 AUTOMATIC RAIN DETECTION USING 5V 1 CHANNEL
RELAY MODULE WORKS
system using a 5V 1-channel relay module works by
automatic rain detection
The with a rain sensor and then triggering an action (e.g., turning on a
detectingrain an alarm, or closing a window) via the relay. Here's how it works in
activating
motor.
detail:
1.Rain SensorModule:
detection board that senses the presence of
sensor consists of two parts: a
The rain control module that processes the signal.
waterand a
detects rain by detecting the conductivity of water that bridgestwo sensing
The sensor HIGH to LOW
water touches the sensor, it changes the output state (from
pads. When
vice versa,
depending on the sensor type).
Sensor:
2.Connecting the Rain
connected to the IN pin of the 5V 1-channel
The sensor's digital output pin (D0) is
relay module.
LoW signal (if using a low-level trigger
When rain is detected, the sensor sends a relay to switch.
causes the
rolav) to the relay module, which

3.Relay Activation:
rain sensor)
VCC, GND, and IN (connected to the
The relaymodule has three pins: receives it, triggering the relay
the relay's IN pin
Once the rain sensor sends the signal, Normally Closed (NC) state. This
(NO) state to the
to switch from its Normally Open
connected device.
allows the relay to activate the

4.Controlling the Output Device:

connected to the
high-voltage side, the COM (Common) terminal is
On the relay's to the device vou
source, and the NO (Normally Open) terminal is connected
power windows).
pump, fan, or motor to close powered
want to control (e.g., a circuit completes, and the connected device is
When the relay is triggered, the
ON.

5.Power Supply:
supply. Both the rain
relay module are powered by a 5V DC power
Ihe rain sensor and operation.
common ground for proper
sensor and relay share a