Globalization and Nation State War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the

ain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years' War.) A state
is a territorial political community for which there is an independent organized Government. A
The globalization is the dominant force which has shaped a new era of interaction and nation state is a state whose primary loyalty is to a cultural self-identity, which we call a nation or
interdependence among nations. It has many dimensions such as economic, political, military, nationality, and is now the predominant form of state organization. Nation states possess
social and cultural dimension. It creates both opportunities and costs to the nation state. sovereignty and legitimacy. Sovereignty is a fundamental aspect of the nation-states. Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the most essential element of the state. Globalization contributes to the change and is a word with an ambiguous legacy. On one side it can stand for a claim to popular democratic
reduction of the scope of state sovereignty. The scope of the inner sovereignty has legally narrowed legitimacy vested in a territorial state, while on the other it can represent the often violent origins
to a large degree due to the international agreements including global financial flows, activities of of such statehood and the masking of its genesis in the necessity to defend a state and its territory
International Organization and Multinational Corporation, Information communication against enemies both internal and external.
technology and issues concerning human rights and in connection with already formed models and
traditions of states' behavior. At the same time increasingly more states quite often give away some Prominent Political thinkers Jean Bodin defines “Sovereignty is the supreme power of the state
of their sovereign powers voluntarily for certain reason. over the citizens and subjects under stained by law”. There are two aspects of sovereignty: internal
sovereignty and external sovereignty. Internal sovereignty means some persons, assembly of group
Dimension of Globalization of persons in every independent state have the final legal authority to command and enforce
Globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon. Globalization is not merely an economic process obedience. External sovereignty means that, the State is subject to no other authority and is
rather it covers all the aspects of modern life: the economic, the cultural, the political, the independent of any compulsion on the part of other States. Every state is at liberty to determine its
humanitarian, the social and the ecological. Globalization has three key dimensions such as foreign policy. Externally the sovereign state is assumed to enter the international arena on the
Economic dimension, Political Dimension and Socio-cultural Dimension. Economic globalization basis of legal equality with other states
can be defined as the set of processes leading to increasing levels of cross-border integration of
factor, intermediate goods, and final products markets along with the increasing salience of multi- State Sovereignty in Globalized World
national enterprises' cross-border value chains. It Economic globalization involves production, Globalization” is one of the signposts of today’s political analysis. It marks a wide range of
distribution, management, trade and finance. Economic globalization is one of the most powerful phenomena, covering all major fields of social life. The world globalizes economically,
forces to have shaped the post war world. Economic globalization, especially the activities of the technologically, politically, ecologically and in a number of other ways. National borders cannot
multinational corporations (MNCs), massive international financial flows and growth of stop the flow of information and other information technology developments. Globalization affects
international trade challenges the state. Political dimension of globalization refers to the a lot of things. Among them is the status of the nation-state in the international system.
intensification and expansion of political interrelations across the globe. Political globalisation is Globalization has, in essence, effectively ended the nation-state’s monopoly over internal
interpreted as “the shifting reach of political power, authority and forms of rule”. These processes sovereignty, which was formerly guaranteed by territory. In the era of globalization, geographical
raise an important set of political issues pertaining to the principle of state sovereignty, the growing distances are waning away and territorial boundaries are no longer an impediment. The key
impact of intergovernmental organizations, and the future prospects for regional and global attribute of a state was its sovereignty. States today are facing a challenge of losing both their
governance. Further the political dimension of globalization is evidenced when governments monopoly on international affairs and parts of their sovereignty.
create international rules and institutions to deal with trade, human rights, and the environment
related issues. Whether a government is to consciously open itself to cross-border links, is the
central question of this aspect. The military / security dimension of Globalization also crucial in
the discourse with regards to impact of globalization on nation state and its sovereignty.
Traditionally, national security is understood as “the acquisition, deployment and use of military
force to achieve national goals”. But Globalization widens the scope of security. International
security includes environmental issues such as global warming, ozone depletion and acid rain.
Globalization means that nation-states can no longer control their non-physical security
requirements. States are becoming more sensitive to security and military developments in other
regions due to increasing financial, trade and economic relations

Conceptualizing Sovereignty
A nation-state is a form of political organization born out of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.
(Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years'

There is a whole range of factors influencing the process of national sovereignty change including,
of course, technological and economic changes, the aspiration for avoiding wars, the presence of
global problems uniting countries, the processes of regional rapprochement, rapid extension of the 4. Growing People’s Opposition to their Respective States:
scope of contacts of all types and levels among residents of different countries; the necessity of
solving numerous issues and settling controversial questions, an increasing number of democratic Globalisation has encouraged and expanded people-to-people socio-economic-cultural relations
regimes in the world, etc. However, the factor of voluntariness in reducing the scope of powers for and cooperation in the word. As IT revolution and development of fast means of transport and
the sake of gaining extra prestige and benefits may be considered among them as the most communication have been together making the world a real Global Community. The people of
significant. each state now deal with people of other states as members of the World Community. The loyalty
towards their respective states continues, but now the people do not hesitate to oppose those state
There is completely no doubt that today, in comparison with the past, the sovereignty of completely policies which are held to be not in tune with the demands of globalization.
free and independent countries has diminished significantly. As emphasized, it is extremely
important to note that many countries quite often give away some of their sovereign powers 5. Reduced Importance of Military Power of the State:
voluntarily.
The state continues to maintain its military power as an important dimension of its national power.
Globalisation and Its Impact on the State However, the strength being gained by movement for international peace and peaceful coexistence
as the way of life has tended to reduce the importance of military power of the state.
Globalisation has been producing a subtle change in the functions of the State. Its role in the
ownership and production of goods has been getting reduced. However, this does not in any way 6. Increasing Role of International Conventions and Treaties:
mean a return of the Laissez faire state. In the era of globalisation, the functions of the State began
undergoing a change. With the increasing disinvestment of public sector, privatisation was Several international conventions and treaties have placed some limitations upon all the states. All
encouraged. Public sector was made to compete with the private sector, and as a whole open the states are now finding it essential to follow the rules and norms laid down by such conventions.
competition, free trade, market economy and globalisation were practiced. State ownership of The need to fight the menace of terrorism and rogue nuclear proliferation as well as the shared
industries came to be rejected. The role of state began emerging as that of a facilitator and responsibility for protecting the environment and human rights, have compelled all the states to
coordinator. The exercise still continues. accept such rules and regulations as are considered essential for the securing of these objectives.
Thus, Globalisation and several other factors have been together responsible for influencing a
In this era of Globalisation, several changes have been taking place in the functions of the change in the role of State in contemporary times.
State:
1. Decreased Economic activities of State: 7. Decline in Public Expenditure on Public Welfare Policies

The process of liberalisation- privatisation has acted as a source of limitation on the role of the Most advanced western states appear committed to reducing social expenditure on public welfare
state in the economic sphere. Public sector and enterprises are getting privatized and state presence programs, and to introducing measures such as labour market deregulation and lowered tax rates
in economic domain is shrinking. which facilitate greater economic competitiveness, but impact adversely on rates of poverty and
inequality. These economic and political initiatives have coincided with a period of intense
2. Decrease in the role of the State in International Economy: economic globalisation. The growing significance of international trade, investment, production
and financial flows appears to be curtailing the autonomy of individual nation states. In particular,
The emergence of free trade, market competition, multinational corporations and international globalization appears to be encouraging, if not demanding, a decline in social spending on public
economic organisations and trading blocs like European Union, NAFTA, APEC, ASEAN and welfare programs and policies.
others, have limited the scope of the role of state in the sphere of international economy.

3. Decline of State Sovereignty:

Increasing international inter-dependence has been compelling each state to accept limitations on
its external sovereignty. Each state now finds it essential to accept the rules of international
economic system, the WTO, the World Bank and the IMF. The role of MNC/TNC has also been
growing in national and local politics as they play a significant role in shaping the state decisions
and policies. Their key objective behind influencing the state decision and policy-making is to
promote their vested interests.