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Biology Work

Biogeography studies the geographic distribution of living beings and the factors influencing their dispersion and extinction. It has two branches: historical biogeography, which examines species evolution over time, and ecological biogeography, which looks at current distribution factors. Ecology, on the other hand, focuses on the relationships between organisms and their environment, and both fields together enhance our understanding of species distribution and conservation.

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4 views5 pages

Biology Work

Biogeography studies the geographic distribution of living beings and the factors influencing their dispersion and extinction. It has two branches: historical biogeography, which examines species evolution over time, and ecological biogeography, which looks at current distribution factors. Ecology, on the other hand, focuses on the relationships between organisms and their environment, and both fields together enhance our understanding of species distribution and conservation.

Uploaded by

fernandaledesma2011
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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biology work

Valentina Aristizabal Román

Lorena María Parra Vázquez

Materia: biology

Armenia, Quindío

20/05/25
What is bigeography?

Biogeography is the science that studies the geographic distribution of living beings
across the planet and at different historical times. It analyzes how species have
dispersed, adapted, or become extinct in different regions of the world, and what
physical, historical, and biological factors have influenced these processes

How does biogeography work?

Biogeography combines knowledge of biology, geology, climatology, and ecology


to explain why certain species are found in some places and not others.
takes into account.

Geological factors, such as continental drift and the formation of mountains and
oceans.
Historical events, such as ice ages or the extinction of species.
Geographical barriers, such as deserts, seas, or mountain ranges, that limit the
movement of organisms.
Dispersal and colonization processes, which explain how some living beings have
reached new territories.

There are two main branches:

Historical biogeography, which studies the evolution of species distribution over


time.
Ecological biogeography, which focuses on the current factors that determine the
distribution of organisms.
Examples of Biogeography

The kangaroo is unique to Australia, due to its isolated evolution after the continent
separated.
Wax palms grow only in certain mountainous areas of the Andes.
The Galapagos Islands are home to unique species such as giant tortoises and
Darwin's finches, which evolved in isolation.

What is ecology?

Ecology is the science that studies the relationships between living beings and
their environment, including both biotic and abiotic factors. It also analyzes how
ecosystems function, how energy flows, and how matter circulates in nature.

Example the biotic: Animals, plants, fungi and bacteria


Example the abiotic: water, temperature, light, soil

How does ecology work?

Ecology works at different levels:


Individuals: how an organism adapts to its environment.
Populations: how individuals of the same species interact.
Communities: how different species interact in the same place.
Ecosystems: how communities interact with their physical environment.
Biosphere: the set of all the planet's ecosystems.
Ecology also studies phenomena such as:
Competition for resources.
Predator-prey relationships.
Symbiotic interactions.
The effects of climate change, pollution, and human activities.

Examples of Ecology

The food chain of a forest, from plants to predators.


The balance between wolves and deer in a natural ecosystem.
The survival of coral reefs, affected by sea temperature.

Relationship between biogeography and ecology

Biogeography and ecology are connected because while biogeography explains


where living things are found and why, ecology analyzes how they live and interact
with their environment. Together, both sciences allow us to understand the
distribution, adaptation, and conservation of species.
An organism may be present in a region because its biogeographic history allowed
it to arrive there, but it will only be able to remain if ecological conditions are
favorable. For example, the Iberian lynx lives only in the Iberian Peninsula due to
its evolutionary isolation, and its survival depends on factors such as the presence
of prey, suitable habitats, and low human pressure.

References:
Begon, M., Townsend, C. R., & Harper, J. L. (2006). *Ecology: From individuals to
ecosystems* (4th ed.). Blackwell Publishing.
Brown, J. H., & Lomolino, M. V. (2006). *Biogeography* (3rd ed.). Sinauer
Associates.

Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico. (2023). *Lynx


pardinus – Lince ibérico*. [https://www.miteco.gob.es](https://www.miteco.gob.es)

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