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STAT Assignment

The document contrasts various statistical concepts, including descriptive vs inferential statistics, population vs sample, and types of data and sampling methods. It provides definitions and distinctions for terms like discrete vs continuous variables, raw vs array data, and different types of charts and distributions. Additionally, it outlines measures of central tendency such as mean, median, mode, and range.

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2 views7 pages

STAT Assignment

The document contrasts various statistical concepts, including descriptive vs inferential statistics, population vs sample, and types of data and sampling methods. It provides definitions and distinctions for terms like discrete vs continuous variables, raw vs array data, and different types of charts and distributions. Additionally, it outlines measures of central tendency such as mean, median, mode, and range.

Uploaded by

liberiasummary1847
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Direction:

Statistically and scholarly contrast the pairs of terms or write short notes on
the terms where applicable.

1. Descriptive Statistics vs Inferential Statistics


Descriptive Statistics summarize the characteristics of a data set.
Inferential Statistics allow you to test a hypothesis or assess whether
your data is generalizable to the broader population.

2. Population vs Sample
A population is the entire group that you want to draw conclusions
about. A sample is the specific group that you will collect data from. The
size of the sample is always less than the total size of the population.

3. Ungrouped Data vs Grouped Data


What is grouped data and ungrouped data? Grouped data means the
data (or information) given in the form of class intervals such as 0-20,
20-40 and so on. Ungrouped data is defined as the data given as
individual points (i.e., values or numbers) such as 15, 63, 34, 20, 25, and
so on.

4. Simple Random Sampling vs Cluster Random Sampling

Systematic sampling selects a random starting point from the


population, and then a sample is taken from regular fixed intervals of the
population depending on its size. Cluster sampling divides the
population into clusters and takes a simple random sample from each
cluster.

5. Stratified Random Sampling vs Systematic Random Sampling

A simple random sample is used to represent the entire data population


and randomly selects individuals from the population without any other
consideration. A stratified random sample, on the other hand, first
divides the population into smaller groups, or strata, based on shared
characteristics.
6. Data, Variable and Random Variable
Data refers to a set of values, which are usually organized by variables
(what is being measured) and observational units (members of the
sample/population). An example of data matrix in a spreadsheet
program, such as Excel or SPSS.

Also, a variable is nothing but an alphabetical character which represents


an unknown number. For Example:
x + 5 = 10

x is the variable whose value is unknown, and we are trying to find its
value.
After evaluating, x=5.

A Random Variable is different from the variable in algebra as it has


whole set of values, and it can take any of those randomly.

7. Discrete Variable vs Continuous Variable

A discrete variable is a type of statistical variable that can assume only


fixed number of distinct values and lacks an inherent order.

Also known as a categorical variable, because it has separate, invisible


categories. However, no values can exist in-between two categories, i.e.
it does not attain all the values within the limits of the variable. So, the
number of permitted values that it can suppose is either finite or
countably infinite. Hence if you are able to count the set of items, then
the variable is said to be discrete.

Continuous variable, as the name suggest is a random variable that


assumes all the possible values in a continuum. Simply put, it can take
any value within the given range. So, if a variable can take an infinite and
uncountable set of values, then the variable is referred as a continuous
variable.
8. Raw Data vs Array Data

Data obtained in the original form is called raw data. Arranging the
numerical figures of a data in ascending or descending order is called an
array. Arranging the data in a systematic form in the form of a table is
called tabulation of data. Each numerical figure in a data is called an
observation.

9. Tally
Frequency, and
Frequency Distribution
A tally is a mark made to keep count of the number of values within the
interval. These tally marks are often grouped together in fives. The frequency
table shows how often the values within the interval occur.
Frequency distributions can show either the actual number of observations
falling in each range or the percentage of observations. In the latter instance,
the distribution is called a relative

10.Histogram vs Simple Bar chat/ graph


The bar graph is the graphical representation of categorical data. A
histogram is the graphical representation of quantitative data. There is
equal space between each pair of consecutive bars.

Bar graph Histogram

The bar graph is the graphical A histogram is the graphical


representation of categorical representation of quantitative data.
data.

There is equal space between There is no space between the


each pair of consecutive bars. consecutive bars.

The height of the bars shows the The area of rectangular bars shows the
frequency, and the width of the frequency of the data, and the width of
bars are same. the bars need not to be same.
11. Line Chart vs Pie Chat
Pie Chart: for showing the relative shares of categories in a total. Line
Chart: for showing trends in a series over time.

12.Less Than Ogive vs More Than Ogive

The two types of ogives are less than ogive and greater than or more
than ogive. In a less than ogive, the frequencies of all preceding classes
are added to the frequency of a class. In a more than ogive, the
frequencies of the succeeding classes are added to the frequency of a
class.

13.
 Class
 Cumulative Frequency,
 Relative Frequency, and
 Class Mark/ Midpoint
In statistics, a class is a grouping of values by which data is binned for
computation of a frequency distribution and Relative frequency is the
individual class frequency divided by the total frequency. The cumulative
frequency is a running total of frequencies through the classes of a
frequency distribution. The cumulative frequency for each individual
class interval is the frequency for that class interval added to the
preceding cumulative total. The midpoint of each class interval is called
the class midpoint and is sometimes referred to as the class mark. It is
the value halfway across the class interval and can be calculated as the
average of the two class endpoints.

14.. Class Limits vs Class Boundaries


Class limits represent the largest and smallest data values that can be
included in the class. Class limits are actual data values. Class boundaries
provide values that eliminate gaps between the classes in the frequency
distribution. Class boundaries are one decimal place more accurate than
the data.

15.
Mean
Median
Mode
Range

Mean is the average of all the numbers.


Median is the middle number, when in order.
Mode is the most common number.
Range is the largest number minus the smallest number.
Stella Maris Polytechnic University
Capitol Hills, Monrovia, Liberia

Assignment Number one (1)

Course title………………. Statistic 301

Section………………………. One

Instructor……………………. Mr.

Submitted by……………... Faith Forpoh

Date…………………………. March 2, 2023

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