 Literature - peculiar way in which the writer

- It is any printed matter written on a sees life; ideas expressed in a

book, magazine or pamphlet peculiar way
- It is man’s manifold experiences  Spiritual value
blended into a harmonious - should present moral/values
expression necessary for us to reflect to
- It originated from oral traditions become a better person
- It is a product of life and about life  Intellectual value
- Consists of those writings which - should enrich our mental life
interpret the meanings of nature  Suggestiveness
and life, in words of charm and - makes us deeply and stirs our
power, touched with the imagination
personality of the author, in artistic  Prose
forms of permanent interests - Consists of those written within the
 Why study literature common flow of conversation in
- By studying good literature, we sentences and paragraphs
learn more about human problems  Poetry
and difficulties - Those expression in verse with
- We will know about universality of measure and rhyme, line and
such problems and ways to stanza and has a more melodious
overcome them tone
- It makes us better human beings  Fiction
- It allows us to appreciate - Works of literature that are based
international understanding and on imagination
world peace  Novel
- It allows us to go to the place - A long narrative divided into
we’ve never been, meet persons chapters and events are taken from
we’ve never met, encounter ideas true to life stories
that never crossed our minds - Hunger Game by Suzanne Collins
- Literature helps us grow personally  Novelette
and intellectually - A narrative fictional prose
- Literature depicts the history, - It is longer than a short story but
culture and tradition of a country shorter than a novella
- Stimulates our imagination and - The Fall of the House of Usher by
ingenuity Edgar Allan Poe
- Literature links us to the world of  Fantasy
which we are apart - A fiction genre that uses magic or
- Literature sharpens our moral other supernatural elements as
judgement main plot element
- Enables us to transcend our - Take place in imaginary worlds
immediate time, place and culture where magic and magical creatures
to make connections with other are common
human beings  Fairy tale
- Literature relives history - Type of short story that typically
- Literature illuminates life features folkloric fantasy
characters.
7 literary standards  Fables
- Fictitious ad they deal with animals
 Universality
- shared by all people or things in and inanimate things who speak
and act like people and their
the world
purpose is to enlighten the minds
 Artistry
of children to events that can mold
- appeals to our sense of beauty
their ways and attitudes
 Permanence
 Anecdote
- endures the test of time
 Style
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 -Merely products of the writer’s experience, thoughts, activities or
imagination and the main aim is to observations
bring out lessons to the reader - Anne frank’s diary “Kitty”is one of
 Folktale the most famous diaries ever
- Generally passed down from one written
generation to another and ofteb  Journal
take on the characteristcs of the - Magazine or periodical especially of
time and place I which they are a serious or learned nature
told  Autobiography
 Parable - Account of a person’s life written
- A story, prose or verse which by that person
illustrates one or more instructive - A woman with no face by Ms Pilar
lessons or principles Pilapil
- The parable of the prodical son is  Biography
the most famous parable in the - Subject of which is the life of an
bible individual
 Myth  Memoir
- Traditional or legendary story, - Specific event in a life of a person
usually concerning some being or - Becoming is a fmous memoir
hero or event with or without written by micelle obama
determinable basis of fact or a  News
natural explanation especially one - New story is a factual, prose story
that is concerned with deities or for print or broadcasts media about
demigods. a person, place or event answering
 Science fiction these five questions: who, why,
- It deals mainly with the impact of what, when, where and how
actual or imagined science upon  Research
society or individuals - Systematic investigation into and
 Legends study of material and sources to
- Prose narrative accounts of an establish facts and reach new
extraordinary happening to have conclusion
occurred  Letters
- It may tell an encounter with - A prise form which by the force of
marvellous creatures which the its styles and importance of its
folks still believe in statement becomes an object of
 Short story interest in its own right
- Fictitious narrative is compressed - Love letter is best example of this
into one unit of time, place and genre
action  Speech
- It is distinguished from the novel by - It is the expression of or the ability
its compression to express thoughts and feelings by
- Dead Stars by Paz Marquez-Benitez articulate sounds
 Plays  Thesis
- Presented on stage, - A long piece of writing on a
- Divided into acts and each has particular subject that is done to
many scenes earn a degree at a university
- Macbeth is a famous tragic play  Oration
first published in 1623 - A formal treatment of a subject and
 Non fiction is intended to be spoken in public
- Based on real-life experiences  Cooking books
- Based on facts - Book of directions explaining how
 Diary to prepare and cook various kinds
- It is a daily written record or of food
account of the writer’s own  Essay

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 - This expresses the viewpoint or - Man vs. Man: it pots the
opinion of the writer about a protagonist against someone else
particular problem or event - Man vs. Nature: it occurs when a
- Editorial page of a newspaper character faces resistance from a
 Guy de Maupassant natural force as opposed to a
- Father of the modern short story supernatural force
- A literary form that’s more - Man vs. Society: it happens when
condensed and immediate than the the protagonist conflicts with the
novel values of his or her society
- His work admired by his - Man vs. Himself: it occurs when the
contemporaries and imitated by protagonist struggles within
those who came after him himself/herself
 Character  Literary devices
- They are the ones who are - Typical structure that the writer
portraying the role in a story uses in the work to transmit his
- Protagonist and antagonist information to the reader in a
 Setting simple way
- It is the locale or period in which  Flashback
the action of a short story, novel or - Strategy of the author to show the
motion picture takes place readers what happened form the
 Theme past to understand the event in the
- It is the central or dominating idea present
in a literary work  Foreshadowing
 Plot - Strategy of the author to foretell to
- Parts of a story which work the readers what will happen in the
together to create suspense, they future through the action of the
stay together seamlessly, creating character
a unified story  Point of view
 Exposition - It talks about the writer’s feelings
- It gives the setting, time, place, and attitude towards his subject
locale, background information on and determines who tells the story
what took place before the actual  First person
start of the story - The writer uses the pronoun “I”
 Complication  Second person
- It unfolds the problems and - It uses the pronoun “you”
struggles that would be  Third person limited
encountered by the main - The narrator only knows the
characters leading to the crisis thoughts and feelings of one
 Climax character
- It is the part where the problem or  Third person omniscient
the conflict is the highest peak of - The narrator only knows the
interest thoughts and feelings of all of the
- Highest moment of interest and character
greatest emotion  Chick lit
- The crisis or point of no return - Addresses issues of modern womanhood,
 Denouement often humorously and light heartedly
- It is the untying of the entangled - Typically features a female protagonist
knots or the part that shows a  Flash fiction/ micro fiction
conflict or a problem is solved, - Refers to a fictional work of relative brevity,
leading to its downwards typically consisting of only a few hundred
movement or end words
 Resolution  Six word flash fiction
- It contains the last statements - An extreme offshoot of flash fiction
about the story  Speculative fiction
 Conflict
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 - A broad genre that encompasses stories  Digital story
that take place in imaginary worlds a result - A short form of digital media production
of one or more “what if” questions that allows everyday people to share
 Science fiction experiences and stories
- The impact of actual or imagined science  Vlog
upon society or individuals - A type of blog where most or all of the
 Fantasy content is in a video format
- Uses magic and supernatural elements in  Creative non-fiction
plot, theme, and setting - A rich mix of flavors, ideas, and techniques,
 Contemporary fantasy some of which are newly invented and
- Magical stories set in our present-day world others as old as writing itself
 Dark fantasy  Hyper poetry
- A combination of fantasy and horror - A new genre of literature that uses the
 Supernatural fantasy computer screen as a medium, rather than
- Incorporates elements that cannot be the printed page- uses hypertext mark-up
understood by science and operate outside  Blog
the rules of the real world - The shortest version of the term “web log”-
 Superhero fantasy refers to regularly updated journal on the
- A fiction that follows a character with internet
superhuman abilities that come up against  Mobile phone texttula
villains - A literary work that is originally written on a
 Utopian cellular phone via text message
- Presents a world that is ideally perfect in all  Meta fiction
aspects of society - A style of prose narrative in which attention
 Dystopian fiction is directed to the process of fictive
- Stories that take place in a futuristic society composition
that is repressive or controlled, often under - A self-conscious literary style in which the
the guise of being perfect narrator or characters are aware that they
 Apocalyptic fiction are part of a work of fiction
- Concerned with the end of civilization due  Manga
to catastrophe - A Japanese word for “comics”
 Post-apocalyptic  Ghost stories
- Stories set in civilization after an apocalyptic - Features a ghost as one of its characters
event, or perhaps years later  Graphic novels/ comic books
 Alternative history - A narrative work in which the story is
- A story that messes up with the history of conveyed to the reader using comic form
the world  Flip top/ rap battle
 Doodle fiction - A contemporary type of poetry that races
- The author incorporates doodle drawings its origins to the hip-hop culture
and handwritten graphics in place of the  Testimonio
traditional font - An authentic narrative, told by a witness
 Digital media texts who is moved to narrate by the urgency of
- A digitalized content- texts, audio, video the situation
graphics – that can be transmitted over the  Photographic essay
internet or computer - A series of pictures that evokes an emotion,
 Podcast conveys an idea or tells a story
- A digital audio file made available on the  Memoir
internet for downloading to a computer or - Recounts the experiences of someone’s life
mobile device  Spoken word poetry
 E-book - A poetry intended for performance on stage
- An electronic version of a printed book that for a live audience
can be read on a computer or handheld  Theatrical adaptation
device
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 - A genre wherein a story from another  ONA Secretariat
medium is rewritten to conform to the - Review of Nomination Documents
elements of theatre - Announcement of the call for
 Text-talk novels
Nominations
- Stories told, almost completely, in a
- Review of nominations based on
dialogue simulating social network
technical guidelines
exchanges
 Philippine literature  Special research group
- These refers to the works of literary merit, - Research and Verification
both written and oral, by people who - Verification of validity of the data, and
recognize themselves as Filipinos, and is evaluate the quality, true value and
written in Filipino, Spanish, English and/or significance of works according to the
our regional languages. criteria.
 Filipino classics or canon  Council of experts
- This is the collection of works considered
- First deliberation
representative of a certain genre or period.
- Review and evaluation of the
 Canonical authors
- These are writers whose works have
documents from the Special Research
been well appreciated and considered Group vis-à-vis the criteria set for the
representatives of certain genres of National Artist and come up with
literature shortlist of nominees to be submitted to
 Order of national artist the Jury of Experts.
-The Order of National Artists  Jury of experts
(Orden ng mga Pambansang - Second deliberation
Alagad ng Sining) is the highest - After further review based on the
national recognition given to presentations of the nominees by the
Filipino individuals who have made designated presenters, the Jury of
significant contributions to the
Experts shall vote to come up with a
development of Philippine arts;
namely, Music, Dance, Theater, shortlist of nominees for the Third Level
Visual Arts, Literature, Film, of Deliberation.
Broadcast Arts, and Architecture  Joint NCCA Board of Commissioners, CCP
and Allied Arts. Board of Trustees and National Artists
 Aims to recognize - Third deliberation
- Filipino artists who have made - The joint NCCA BOC and CCP BOT, and
significant contributions to the cultural living national artists present in the
heritage of the country; third deliberation shall vote to come up
- Filipino artistic accomplishment at its with a shortlist of nominees for the
highest level and to promote creative Order of National Artist to be submitted
expression as significant to the to the Office of the President.
development of a national cultural  President
identity; - From the list of recommended
- Filipino artists who have dedicated nominees submitted to the Office of the
their lives to their works to forge new President, the President shall confirm,
paths and directions for future proclaim, and confer the Order of
generations of Filipino artists. National Artist.
 National artist awards committee  Insignia of the order of national artists
- It is the one in-charge for the process of - Grand collar
identifying and selecting candidates for - Conventional sunburst
the National Artist under Presidential  Philippine’s insignia
Decree 208. - Sampaguita wreath

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 - Philippine flag - Muli, sa kandungan ng lupa
- KKK  Alejandro Roces-2003
 National artists for literature - My brother’s peculiar chicken
- Originally instituted as an award and - Something to crow about
was then elevated to a status of a  Bienvenido lumbra-2006
- Lihang dila, likhang diwa
Cultural Order through Executive Order
- Sa sariling bayan: apat na dulang
No. 236 in 2003, this was first may musika
established through Proclamation No.  Lazaro Francisco-2009
1001 dated April 27, 1972 - Maganda pa ang daigdig
- It is the highest national recognition - Daluyong
given to Filipino writers who made  Cirilo Bautista-2014
significant contributions to the - Summer suns
development of Philippine Literature. - Galaw ng asoge
 Resil Mojares-2018
Currently, there are 18 National Artists
- Ang bag-ong maria clara
for Literature - Malala nga gutom
 Amado V. Hernandez- 1973  Ramon L. Muzones-2018
- Mga ibong mandaragat - Waiting for mariang makiling:
- Ilang dipang langit essay on Philippine cultural history
 Jose Garcia Villa- 1973 - House of memory: essay
- Footnote to youth  Gemino Abad-2022
- Underground spirit
- Poems by daveglion
- A makeshift sun
- Ballad of a mother’s heart
 Nick Joaquin- 1976
- The woman who had two novels
- Manila, my manila
 Carlos P. Romulo-1982
- I am a Filipino
- I walked with heroes
 Francisco Arcellana- 1990
- Frankie
- Death in a factory
 Rolando Tinio-1997
- Sit-sit sa kuliglig
- Dunung-dunungan
- A trick of mirrors
 NVM Gonzalez-1997
- The bamboo dancers
- Seven hills away
 Levi Celerio- 1997
- O maliwanag na buwan
- Singsing
- Alibangbang
 Edith Tiempo- 1999
- The little marmoset
- Bonsai
 F. Sionil Jose-2001
- The pretenders
- My executioner
 Virgilio S. Almario-2003
- Mga retrato at rekwerdo

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