open source

open source
what you
should know
© Borrowed from Internet
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http://opensource.indieapolis.com

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what is open source?

general definition:

any software whose source code is freely distributed and

allowing everybody to modify the code.

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the definition version 1.9

• free redistribution

• source code

• derived works

• integrity of the author’s source code

• no discrimination against persons or groups

http://opensource.org/docs/definition.php. Viewed April 1, 2006. 4

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the definition version 1.9 (continued)

• no discrimination against fields of endeavor

• distribution of license

• license must not be specific to a product

• license must not restrict other software

http://opensource.org/docs/definition.php. Viewed April 1, 2006 5

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The history time line

Richard Stallman found the Free Software Foundation (“FSF”) (www.fsf.org)

1984 in 1985 to develop “free” version of a UNIX operating system
• GNU Public License (“GPL”) officially announced

1994 Linux 1.0 is released under the GPL by Linus Torvalds

1998 Netscape released its software as a free software and open source
• The term “Open Source” is first time used

2003 Linux OS/Apache Web Server are mainstream

http://www.openknowledge.org/writing/open-source/scb/brief-open-source-history.html. Viewed April 1, 2006

http://www.lw.com/resource/Publications/_pdf/pub1062_1.pdf. Viewed April 1, 2006 6
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how it is created & distributed

(Tom - end user)

(Mark - author)

(Stuart - user/programmer)

Bob
(user/programmer)

(Judy - user/programmer) 7
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analogy:

Single Brain
(Proprietary, eg. Microsoft)

Collective Brain
(Open Source)

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what is the motivation?
1. knowledge to be shared “like knowledge the
sharing of recipes among cooks”

2. most developers have a need or a want to; they

are not simply programmer drones at a huge
corporation!

3. OSS projects have log files listing all contributors of

the software. They find it desirable to participate in
OSS projects to signal their ability and to enhance
professional advancement.

4. some individuals find it fun to go against

the giant such as Microsoft
http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item.jhtml?id=4834&t=technology. Viewed April 1, 2006 9
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the applications

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TCP/IP is a set of communication protocol that is used in packet networking

TCP = a protocol over which the

data/packet can be transferred

IP = a protocol that provides a unique

addressing
ex.: 192.168.0.1

the standard that was created

by the OSI
(Open System Interconnection)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol. Viewed April 1, 2006

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol. Viewed April 1, 2006
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_layer. Viewed April 1, 2006 11
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LINUX
a unix-like computer operating system

the first computer operating system to be

distributed freely

many programmer attracted to develop it

linus torvalds
the inventor of the first kernel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LINUX. Viewed April 1, 2006

http://www.lugod.org/presentations/mocc-oss/mocc-oss.pdf. Viewed April 1, 2006 12
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a free, open source and cross platform browser

with over 25 million downloads in the 99 days after the

initial 1.0 release, firefox became one of the most
downloaded free and open source application, especially
among home users.
the features:
• usability, accessibility
• customizability
• security
• internationalization
and localization
• cross platform
support
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox. Viewed April 3, 2006 13
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox. Viewed April 3, 2006 14

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BIND/DNS
Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
is an application that runs in a DNS server

Domain Name System

is a protocol that provides a service to translate
numeric addressing of IP into an alphanumeric
addressing so it is easily memorized and vice versa

ex. 72.14.203.104 = http://www.google.com

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http://linuxsilo.net. Viewed April 1, 2006 16

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SENDMAIL
the most widely used mail transfer agent that is
installed in many mail server in the world

http://lecture.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~usugi/05-04-25/05-04-25.html. Viewed April 1, 2006

http://shearer.org/en/writing/mtacomparison.html. Viewed April 1, 2006 17
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apache
is a daemon (server application)
that runs in a http server

the most widely used web

server - globally

http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2006/03/06/march_2006_web_server_survey.html. Viewed April 1, 2006

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http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2006/03/06/march_2006_web_server_survey.html. Viewed April 1, 2006

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is an office suite used to make spread sheet,

word document, presentation
(writer, calc, impress, draw, base)

the most common office suite installed in Linux

distribution, but now it can also run in windows

used to be a proprietary software under the name

“StarOffice” until Sun Microsystems bought the code
(1999) and made the source code available to be
downloaded freely (July 2000).

Viewed April 1, 2006 20

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why open source?

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 open source
ernie ball co.

“It's the funniest thing--we're using it (Open Source Software) for

e-mail client/server, spreadsheets and word processing. It's like
working in Windows.”

- Sterling Ball, CEO of Ernie Ball

http://news.com.com/2008-1082_3-5065859.html?tag=lh. Viewed March 25, 2006. 25

 open source
advantages

lower software costs - no licensing fees

simplified license management - obtain the software once,

install it as many times as you want, as many locations as you
need

lower hardware costs - elegantly compact and

portable requires less hardware power, get by
with less expensive or older hardware

http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=376255&rl=1 - The Advantages of Adopting Open Source

Software
By Jason Williams, Peter Clegg, Emmett Dulaney. Viewed March 23, 2006. 26
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advantages

scaling/consolidation potential - Linux and OS applications

have multiple options, ability for new growth

ample support - support is available for open source, some

consider it superior to proprietary solutions, online community via
the internet, support now offered by tech companies

escape vendor lock-in - frustration with vendor lock-in, no

ongoing license fees, declaration of freedom of choice

http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=376255&rl=1 - The Advantages of Adopting Open Source

Software By Jason Williams, Peter Clegg, Emmett Dulaney. Viewed March 23, 2006. 27
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the other side

“Open-source is an intellectual property

destroyer…”
- Jim Allchin, Microsoft
executive

Microsoft raps open-source approach - By Ben Charny - http://news.com.com/2100-1001-257001.html.

Viewed March 23, 2006. 28
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disadvantages

open source isn’t really free - "Free, as in a free puppy"

implementation, administration, and support costs

less direct service and support - for some companies, support

is mandatory. cannot rely on message boards.

support issues - annoying bugs in an Open Source application –

support may not be free; even general questions go unanswered;
waiting for an open forum response may cost you time; you’ll still
pay for phone or personalized email support

http://news.zdnet.co.uk/software/linuxunix/0,39020390,39202713,00.htmOpen source 'is free like a puppy is free'

says Sun boss Andrew Donoghue ZDNet UK June 08, 2005. Viewed March 23, 2006.
http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=376255&rl=1 - The Advantages of Adopting Open Source Software
By Jason Williams, Peter Clegg, Emmett Dulaney. Viewed March 23, 2006 29
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disadvantages
open source is not secure - the code is available, so anyone
can figure out how to break it

training is not always available - true with many Open Source

application. available Linux training-Novell has created multiple
levels of Linux certification. books may be the only training
available

all open source is a work-in-progress (projects can die)

programmers just lose interest. open source programs are not
suitable for every need. companies still need their own specific
programs; customization.

*http://news.zdnet.co.uk/software/linuxunix/0,39020390,39202713,00.htmOpen source 'is free like a

puppy is free' says Sun boss Andrew Donoghue ZDNet UK June 08, 2005. Viewed March 23, 2006.
**http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=376255&rl=1 - The Advantages of Adopting Open
Source Software By Jason Williams, Peter Clegg, Emmett Dulaney. Viewed March 23, 2006 30
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things to consider

is the software well established or still in it's infancy?

are there regular updates, patches and new features?

is there a support forum?

are the support forums active?

http://www.tamingthebeast.net/articles5/open-source-software.htm - Open source software in your

online business - advantages/disadvantages Michael Bloch. Viewed March 23, 2006. 31
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things to consider

do forum participants help each other out?

are reputable companies using the software?

is the documentation complete and

coherent?

what are the general costs with hiring

contractors who are familiar with the
software?

http://www.tamingthebeast.net/articles5/open-source-software.htm - Open source software in your

online business - advantages/disadvantages Michael Bloch. Viewed March 23, 2006. 32
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-founded in 1958 by Ernie Ball

-sold worldwide, nearly 80 countries

- claim to fame – “World’s first guitar store”

**MUSICIANS THAT
USE ERNIE BALL
*ANNUAL SALES **MAJOR PRODUCTS ***CONSUMERS PRODUCTS
Pete Townshend, Jimmy
MUSIC RETAIL Page, Paul McCartney,
GUITARS, GUITAR
STORES AND George Harrison, Keith
STRINGS, MUSICAL
Est. $40 million in 2003 INTERNATIONAL Richards and Ron Wood
ACCESSORIES, AMP of the Rolling Stones,
MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
HARDWARE & MORE Glen Frey, The Eagles,
DISTRIBUTORS
Jeff Beck, Albert Lee

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why Open Source? – sued by Microsoft

people responsible for open source – Jeff Whitmore and Sterling

Ball

challenges faced – adapting to new software – finding a

replacement for MS Outlook

benefits of OS – no licensing

future plans for OS – find an Open

Source accounting package

Source: Interview with Ernie Ball Executive, Jeff Whitmore – 03/25/2006

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“No worries about the copyright Nazi’s

showing up with court orders and armed with
Federal Marshalls”

Jeff Whitmore, VP Ernie Ball Co.

+ =

Source: Interview with Ernie Ball Executive, Jeff Whitmore – 03/25/2006

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how much does

open source cost?

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 open source
MITRE corporation, case study

not for profit – public interest, systems engineering, information

technology, enterprise modernization

federally funded research - DoD, FAA, IRS

mission - explores new technologies and new uses of

technology to solve client’s problems in the near and distant
future

case study - “The views, opinions and/or findings in this report

are those of The MITRE Corporation and should not be construed
as an official Government position, policy, or decsion unless
designated by other documentation.”
“A Business Case Study of Open Source Software.” Carolyn Kenwood. July 2001. Published by MITRE Corporation.
http://www.mitre.org/work/tech_papers/tech_papers_01/kenwood_software/index.html. Viewed on March 23, 2006. 37
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MITRE costs, dollars

software – free download or $60

hardware - fewer lines of code, 486PC $0

support - internal help desk $30,000; external $60-85 per

incident or $3,000 block of 10; enterprise support $60,000

“A Business Case Study of Open Source Software.” Carolyn Kenwood. July 2001. Published by MITRE Corporation.
http://www.mitre.org/work/tech_papers/tech_papers_01/kenwood_software/index.html. Viewed on March 23, 2006. 39
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MITRE costs, dollars

staffing – possibly more employees, not always

project manager $60,000

systems engineer $45,000 - $90,000

system administrator – $30,000 - $65,000

training - $2,500 - $10,000 per employee

other - $21,000 - $45,000

“A Business Case Study of Open Source Software.” Carolyn Kenwood. July 2001. Published by MITRE Corporation.
http://www.mitre.org/work/tech_papers/tech_papers_01/kenwood_software/index.html. Viewed on March 23, 2006. 40
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MITRE costs, dollars

Indirect costs
-hidden, immeasurable -application development

-peer support - time, labor -Futz factor - personal use

-casual learning - time, labor -downtime

-formal training – overhead

“A Business Case Study of Open Source Software.” Carolyn Kenwood. July 2001. Published by MITRE Corporation.
http://www.mitre.org/work/tech_papers/tech_papers_01/kenwood_software/index.html. Viewed on March 23, 2006. 41
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linux vs. windows

costs
license fee - free vs. $600-800
5 users + $35 each additional

hardware - faster machines vs

486PC

switching costs - market share,

slow growth

Linux vs. Windows: A comparison of application and platform innovation incentives for open source and proprietary
software platforms.” Nicholas Economides & Evangelos Katsamakas. October 2005. Published by Berkeley Electronic Press.
http://lsr.nellco.org/nyu/lewp/papers/32/. Viewed March 23, 2006. 42
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linux vs. windows

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will it last?

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KB Toys

Tom Jeffrey, VP of IT for KB Toys

needed Software System for 10,000 new cash registers

narrowed search to 3 systems all written in Java and ran on Linux

forced to learn about open source

www.cio.com/archive/031503/opensource.html. Viewed March 28, 2006. 45

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open source has arrived

November 2002 CIO Survey of 375 IT Execs: 54% would be on

an open source platform within 5 years

“CIOs who don't come to terms with this revolution will be paying
too much for IT.” Christopher Koch 2003

Apache now runs 60% of the world's websites

www.cio.com/archive/031503/opensource.html. Viewed March 28, 2006. 46

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open source has arrived

Dell, HP, IBM, Oracle and Sun announced support for open
source products

“We will guarantee the same service-level agreements for Linux

that we do for proprietary OSs,” Dan Frye, director IBM's Linux
Technology Center.

Oracle released open source version of its database to

run on Linux servers

only major vendor to resist is Microsoft

www.cio.com/archive/031503/opensource.html. Viewed March 28, 2006. 47

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your open source plan

start With the web

-Pete Sattler, CIO SPX

take back your infrastructure

-Harry Roberts, CIO Boscov

design your own desktop

-David Chugg, IT Director Cedant

get rid of your expensive hardware

-Unger, CIO DaimlerChrysler

www.cio.com/archive/031503/opensource.html. Viewed March 28, 2006. 48

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products

open source web application server written in Python

authored by Zope Corporation in 1998

strong 'through the web' development model

secure architecture, strong data integrity

numerous products available to download

Zope used by: Viacom, AARP, Verizon Wireless,

Red Hat, NASA, GE, US Navy

www.zope.org/Members/paul/BusinessDecision. Viewed March 28, 2006. 49

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1998 decision

open source will increase user base by factor of 100

rock solid, tested software on more platforms with more

capabilities

safer architecture for consulting customers

work with the open source community to

dramatically increase innovation

put company at the top of the web application

server market segment

www.zope.org/Members/paul/BusinessDecision. Viewed March 28, 2006. 50

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world without open source

half the web sites on the internet would disappear

-Apache

remaining sites would have little or no active content

-Perl

most electronic mailing lists would stop

-Majordomo

email wouldn't be working

-Sendmail

domain Names wouldn't exist

-BIND
www.netaction.org/articles/freesoft.html. Viewed March 28, 2006. 51
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recommendation, conclusions

costs – decrease in most situations

support – varies on project

swot analysis

implementation
- small business: easy - IT rules

- large organization: difficult -culture change

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http://opensource.indieapolis.com

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open source

questions?

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