stare ana catlv sinceitreauires Blectronic have an accelerating phase, a constant speed phase and a

mhaaa ThacA cvetems mostly.

Fo a dthree-phese stato Aindinq, cuely hme a

plhese ibdinq is esceited, ants nlales by 60.
Aehen al he dhiee koits cke phase
wihdingi ale exlted ih scauente ola bil hene
20 fatecl Tote s-pcle aill be fALing
Slalo Spolo causirg repudsien kR baekasesel
lo lation. To uid his Stalor phase ssent shold
be reessed. Ohis meenns

Contao Cialuit:
motor, wherein 1. Block diagram of Brushless D.C Motor
vith conmutator (BLDC ):
between a DC
gs. A Brushless
otor but as the Inverter
: brushes for Stator
ly comnutated.
ushes are used DC
turn in a fixed
lectronics and power
small Brushless Supply N
d performance.
eal details, its |Logic
entional motors circuits and S
This paper also PM rotor
ost BLDCmotor
position
uction design is detection Position
LDC motor for sensor
erial magnet. In optical or Hall
nanent magnets, effect
errite magnet Fig (1.a) block diagram of Brushless D.C
motor.
L moors
ushed DC
made of
5. Advantages, Disadvantages and applications of Brushless
DC Motors
ared with
tion and
5.1 Advantages
It has no mechanical commutator and associated
B cycles.
redictable problems
pection is High efficiency due to the use of permanent magnet
rotor
areas and
Cmotors High speed of operation even in loaded and
motors, unloaded conditions due to the absen ce of brushes
y-voltage that limits the speed
pment or Smaller motor geometry and lighter in weight than
mparison both brushed type DC and induction AC motors
. Table 2 Long life as no inspection and maintenance is
required for commutator system
Higher dynamic response due to low inertia

oyright 2020.All rights reserved.

6672
nternational Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volune 7, Issue 8, April-2020 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

carrying windings in the stateF come under this category. The applications in this category
Less clectromagnetic interference have some kind of power transmission, which could be
Imechanical gears or timcr belts, or a simple belt driven
Quite operation (or low noise) due to absence of
brushes system. In these applications, the dynamic response of speed
and torque are important. Also, these applícations may have
frequent reversal of rotation direction. A typical cycle will
S.2 Disadvantages
have an accelerating phase, a constant speed phase and a
These motors are costly since it requires Electronic deceleration and positioning phase. These systems mostly
controller

electronic control solutions, especially for tiny operate in closed loop. There could be three control 1loops
functioning simultaneously: Torque Control Loop, Speed
BLDC motors
Control Loop and Position Control Loop. Optical encoder or
Requires complex drive circuitry synchronous resolvers are used for measuring the actual
Need of additional sensors speed of the motor. In some cases, the same sensors are used
to get relative position information. Otherwise, separate
5.3 Applications of Brushless D.C Motor position sensors may be used to get absolute positions. Some
BLDC motors find applications in every segment of the of the, important applications are
market. Automotive, appliance, industrial controls, Computer Numeric Controlled (CNC) machines
automation, aviation and so on, have applications for BLDC Process controls,
motors.
Out of these, we can categorize the type of BLDC motor Machinery controls and
control into three major types: Conveyer.
"Constant load
"Varying loads 6. Low cost BLDC
" Positioning applications In a research done by Tae-UkJung on Low Cost Design of
Brushless DC Motor for Electric Water Pump Application ,a
Applications with Constant Loads BLDC motor for a pump, in which the neodymium magnet is
Features:
replaced with the Ferrite magnet, has been developed. In this
These are the types of applications where a variable speed is paper the cost reduction design is studied to release the cost
more important than keeping the accuracy of the speed at a burden of BLDC motor for electric water pump using Nd-Fe
set speed. In addition, the acceleration and deceleration rates B material magnet. In order to minimize the material cost of
are not dynamically changing. In these types of applications, permanent magnets, firstly, the magnet material is changed
the load is directly coupled to the motor shaft. as ferrite magnet. By this, the air-gap length is largely
For example, fans, pumps and blowers come under these reduced by the elimination of water proof capsulation of
types of applications. These applications demand low-cost water pump. Ithelps the utilization of rotor magnet flux.
controllers, mostly operating in open-loop. One of the pump motors is an IPM rotor type BLDC motor
using the neodymium. However, the motors using
Applications with Varying Loads
Features: neodymium magnets should have large air-gaps. This is
because the composition of neodymium magnet is based on
These are the types of applications where the load on the metal materials so the motors using this magnet should have
motor varies over a speed range. These applications may larger ai-gaps and waterproofing for rust. On the other hand,
demand a high-speed control accuracy and good dynamic
responses.
other motors using Ferrite magnets are able to have enough
In home appliances, washers, dryers and compressors are effective air-gaps because Ferrite magnet is not based on
good examples. metal materials so the rotor using this magnet does not need
In automotive, fuel pump control, electronic steering control, to be waterproof. This point means that Ferrite type motors
engine control and electric vehicle control are good examples are able to utilize effectively the rotor flux by having enough
of these. effective air-gaps. The use of Ferrite magnet causes
In aerospace, there are a number of applications, like deterioration in the performance of the motor. This causes
centrifuges, pumpS, robotic arm controls, gyroscope controls the decrease in the back-electromotive force (BEMF), the
and so on. maximum power of the motor and the irreversible
These applications may use speed feedback devices and may demagnetization characteristic of the magnet. In order to
run in semi-closed loop or in total closed loop. These compensate for the lower performance, the SPM type
applications use advanced control algorithms, thus structure is adopted, This paper presents the low cost design
complicating the controller. Also, this increases the price of technology using optimal parameters and electromagnetic
the complete system. structure.
The conventional BLDC motor for water pumps is the 20W
Positioning Applications IPM motor using the neodymium magnet. The detailed
Features: design specifications are represented in Table 6.1. The
Most of the industrial and automation types concentrated windings are wound on 9 slots and the salient
of application
structural 6 poles with Nd-Fe-B magnet are in the IPM type

www.ijtre.com
Copyright 2020.All rights reserved.
6673