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Banking Computer Basics

The document outlines the history and evolution of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation focused on AI and quantum computing. It covers computer organization, hardware, memory types, software categories, programming languages, operating systems, applications like MS Word and PowerPoint, networking, and internet security. Key concepts include input/output devices, storage solutions, network types, and cybersecurity measures.

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9 views3 pages

Banking Computer Basics

The document outlines the history and evolution of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation focused on AI and quantum computing. It covers computer organization, hardware, memory types, software categories, programming languages, operating systems, applications like MS Word and PowerPoint, networking, and internet security. Key concepts include input/output devices, storage solutions, network types, and cybersecurity measures.

Uploaded by

vijayalakshmi78159
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

History and Generations of Computers

- First Generation (1940-1956): Vacuum tubes, very large, slow, expensive, used machine

language.

- Second Generation (1956-1963): Transistors replaced vacuum tubes, faster, more reliable.

- Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated Circuits (ICs), smaller and more powerful.

- Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Microprocessors, personal computers became common.

- Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond): Based on Artificial Intelligence, robotics, and quantum

computing.

2. Introduction to Computer Organization

- Input Unit: Devices like keyboard and mouse for user input.

- Output Unit: Devices like monitor and printer for displaying output.

- Storage Unit: Stores data (Hard disk, SSD, RAM).

- Central Processing Unit (CPU): Consists of ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and CU (Control Unit).

3. Computer Hardware and I/O Devices

- Hardware: Physical components of a computer.

- Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone.

- Output Devices: Monitor, printer, speakers.

- Storage Devices: Hard disk, USB flash drive, CD/DVD.

4. Computer Memory

- Primary Memory: RAM (volatile), ROM (non-volatile).

- Secondary Memory: HDD, SSD, external drives.

- Cache Memory: High-speed memory for temporary storage.

- Virtual Memory: Uses part of hard disk as RAM.


5. Computer Software

- System Software: Operating Systems (Windows, Linux), utilities.

- Application Software: MS Word, Excel, browsers.

- Programming Software: Compilers, text editors.

6. Computer Languages

- Machine Language: Binary language (0s and 1s).

- Assembly Language: Uses mnemonics.

- High-Level Languages: C, Java, Python, etc.

- Fourth and Fifth Generation Languages: SQL, AI languages.

7. Operating System

- Definition: Interface between user and hardware.

- Functions: File management, process management, memory management.

- Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android.

8. MS Word & MS PowerPoint

- MS Word: Word processing, formatting text, inserting images, tables.

- MS PowerPoint: Creating presentations, inserting slides, animations, transitions.

- Shortcuts and Tips: Ctrl + C (copy), Ctrl + V (paste), Ctrl + S (save).

9. Computer Network

- Definition: Interconnected computers for sharing data.

- Types: LAN (Local), MAN (Metropolitan), WAN (Wide).

- Components: Routers, switches, network cables.

10. Internet & Network Security


- Internet: Global network for accessing information.

- Web Browser: Software to access websites (Chrome, Firefox).

- Network Security: Firewalls, antivirus, encryption.

- Cyber Threats: Malware, phishing, hacking.

- Precautions: Strong passwords, regular updates, avoid suspicious links.

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