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Review of As Complex Numbers LESSON

The document reviews concepts related to complex numbers, including modulus, argument, and operations in modulus-argument form. It also discusses the intersection of three planes defined by specific equations and provides examples of calculations involving complex numbers. Additionally, it includes references to video resources for further learning on related topics.

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10 views2 pages

Review of As Complex Numbers LESSON

The document reviews concepts related to complex numbers, including modulus, argument, and operations in modulus-argument form. It also discusses the intersection of three planes defined by specific equations and provides examples of calculations involving complex numbers. Additionally, it includes references to video resources for further learning on related topics.

Uploaded by

gota
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Review of AS complex numbers


Starter
1. (Review of last lesson) Three planes have the equations:
π1 : x + 3y − 2z = 7 π2 : 2x − 2y + z = 3 π3 : 3x + y − z = k
(a) Explain how you know that none of the planes are parallel to one another.
(b) Investigate the intersection of the planes when: (i) k = 10 (ii) k = 12. State the
geometrical con guration of the planes in each case.
(c) For the case where the equations are consistent nd the equation of the line where
the planes meet.

Notes
Review of AS complex numbers
Basics
For the complex number z = x + iy
Modulus: |z| = x2 + y2
Argument: The argument of a complex number, z, is the angle
that the line between the origin and z makes with
the positive x− axis, measured anti-clockwise.
Im
To nd the argument:
2nd 1st
−1 y Quadrant
1. Calculate tan Quadrant
x Re
N.B. Notice that we ignore the signs of the components 3rd 4th
of the complex number when nding the initial angle. Quadrant Quadrant

2. Sketch a quick Argand diagram to decide which quadrant z lies in and then decide what
you need to do to the angle found in step 1.

N.B. The argument of a complex number is measured in radians where −π < θ ≤ π or


0 ≤ θ < 2π.
When −π < θ ≤ π or 0 ≤ θ < 2π, the argument is referred to as the principal
argument and is denoted with a capital letter.

Modulus-argument form
x + iy ≡ r (cos θ + i sin θ ) where r = | z | and θ = Arg z
So x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ
Powers of complex numbers
Modulus: | z n | = | z |n
Argument: Arg z n = n Arg z + k (2π) where k = …, − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, . . . and
k is chosen to ensure −π < Arg z n ≤ π or
0 ≤ Arg z n < 2π
Multiplying and dividing complex numbers in modulus-argument form
| z1z2 | = | z1 | × | z2 | | z1 ÷ z2 | = | z1 | ÷ | z2 |
arg (z1z2 ) = arg z1 + arg z2 + k (2π) arg (z1 ÷ z2 ) = arg z1 − arg z2 + k (2π)
where k = − 1, 0 or 1 and k is chosen to ensure −π < θ ≤ π or 0 ≤ θ < 2π.

Complex conjugates
| z* | = | z |
Arg z* = − Arg z
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Notation
r (cos θ + i sin θ ) ≡ rcisθ

E.g. 1 Given that i = −1 , nd (a) i2 (b) i3 (c) i4 (d) i5

E.g. 2 Let z1 = 2 + i, z2 = 2 − i 3 and z3 = i − 1.


(a) Write down the complex conjugates of z1, z2 and z3.
(b) Express in the form a + ib: (i) z2 × z3 (ii) z3 ÷ z1
(c) Find the modulus and argument of z1, z2 and z3.
(d) Express z1, z2 and z3 in modulus-argument form.

E.g. 3 Express the following in the form a


+ ib.

[ 3 ]
π π
(a) 2 3 cos( ) + i sin( ) (b) 8(cos 0 + i sin 0)
3

[ 4 ]
3π 3π π π
(c) 2 2 cos( − ) + i sin( − ) (d) cos( − ) + i sin( − )
4 2 2

[ 3 ]
π π
Working: (a) 2 3 cos( ) + i sin( ) = 3 + 3i
3

Video: Real and imaginary numbers


Video: Complex number arithmetic
Video: Square rooting complex numbers
Video: Complex conjugates
Video: Division of complex numbers
Video: Argand diagram
Video: Modulus-argument form of complex number
Video: Loci of a circle
Video: Loci of perpendicular bisectors
Video: Loci of half-lines
Video: Representing regions in Argand diagrams
Video: Operations in modulus-argument form

Solutions to Starter and E.g.s

Exercise
No exercise

Summary
See above

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