(I) In which of the following scenarios do we need to recover data?

(i) When the disk is full

(ii) When system performance has become slow
(iii) When a file has been accidentally deleted
(iv) All of these
(m) Which of the following is an example of proprietary softwar~? .
(i) Linux (ii) Mozilla Firefox
"') w·In dOWS
(111 (iv) None of these
(n) Which of the following units are the same?
°
210 GB, 22 KB, 240 B, 210 TB
°
(i) 210 GB, 22 KB • (ii) 210 GB, 2'0 B
(iii) 210 TB, 210 GB °
(iv) 22 KB, 210 TB
(o) ............ involves the process of gathering data from different sources in digital form.
(i) Data capturing (ii) Data storage
(iii) Data retrieval (iv) Data deletion
(p) MICR stands for:
(i) Magnetic Ink Character Reader (·1·1) Magnetic Ink Code Reader
(iii) Magnetic Ink easer Reader (iv) Magnetic Ink Computer Reader
(q) ............ is a system software that translates and executes instructions written in a computer program,
line by line.
(i) Assembler (ii) Interpreter
(iii) Compiler (iv) None of these
(r) FLOSS stands for:
(i) Free and Open-Source Software (ii) Free Libre and Open-Source Software
(iii) Free Liberal Open Ended System Software (iv) Free Liberty of Open Software Source

SOLVED QUESTIONS========= ==========

1. How are computers beneficial to us?
Ans. Computers are beneficial to us in endless ways like storing and retrieving large volumes of data/information
easily, efficiently and in a secured manner. Computers can perform accurate calculations on large and
complex datasets within a fraction of a second. They can be used anywhere and everywhere, whether at
home, workplace or for scientific purposes.
2. List the names of two components of CPU.
Ans. Two components of CPU are as follows:
(a) Control Unit (bl Arithmetic Logic Unit
3. What is an I-P-O cycle?
Ans. A computer takes input in the form of data and generates output in the form of information. This
process of converting data into meaningful information is called information processing cycle or
Input-Process-Output (IPO) cycle.
4. List all the functional components of a computer.
Ans. The functional components of a computer are as follows:
(a) Input Unit (b) Central Processing Unit (CPU)
(c) Output Unit (d) Memory Unit
s. Who invented the mouse?
Ans. Mouse is a pointing (input) device that was developed by Douglas Engelbart in 1963_
6. Name the part of computer which is responsible for processing. (HOTS)
Ans. The CPU is responsible for processing.
7. Name the primary memory which is volatile in nature.
Ans. RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile in nature.
8. Write the various capabilities of a computer.
Ans. The various capabilities of a computer are speed, reliability, diligence, versatility and large memory.

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 9. What is booting?
Ans. Booting is the process of starting your computer and loading the operating system into the main memory.
10. Name the software required to make a computer functional. Write its two primary services. (NCERT)
Ans. The software required to make a computer functional is operating system. Its two primary services are:
(a) Memory Management: It manages the primary or main memory of a computer system.
(b) Device Management: It interacts with the device driver and the related software for a particular device.
11. Distinguish between primary memory and secondary memory.

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Ans. ,
Primary Memory Secondary Memory
(a) It is also called main memory. It is called external/auxiliary memory.
(b) It consists of RAM (volatile, i.e., temporary in nature) It is always non-volatile, i.e., permanent in
and ROM (non-volatile in nature). nature.
(c) Primary Memory devices are based on semiconductor Secondary memory devices use magnetic
technology. and optical memory technologies.
(d) It is directly accessible by the CPU. Hence, it is faster. It is not directly accessible by the CPU.
Hence, it is slower than primary memory.
(e) It is more expensive than secondary storage devices. It is cheaper than primary memory.

12. What are the two types of main memory?

Ans. Two types of main memory are:
(a) Random Access Memory (RAM) (b) Read-Only Memory (ROM)
13. Why are secondary storage devices required?
Ans. Secondary storage devices are required because of the following two reasons:
(a) T~e primary memory is finite and limited in size.
(b) In secondary storage, data and programs do not disappear when the power is turned off.
14. Expand the following:
(a) ALU (b) RAM
(c) LED (d) CRT
Ans. (a) ALU: Arithmetic Logic Unit (b) RAM: Random Access Memory
(c) LED: Light-Emitting Diode (d) CRT: Cathode Ray Tube

15. Define microprocessor.

Ans. Microprocessor is another name for CPU. It is a very large-scale integrated circuit which contains
millions of transistors. Microprocessors allow computers to perform numeric and logical operations faster.
16. Two devices used by a supermarket point-of-sale (POS) terminal are a barcode reader and a keyboard. Name
two other input/output devices used at the POS terminal and give one use of each device.
Ans. (a) Monitor: It is used to display information about the items purchased or sold.
(b) Printer: It is used for taking printout of the bill or the invoice generated.
17. Why are language processors used? Differentiate between compiler and interpreter.
Ans. Programs written in high-level language are required to be converted into machine language. This task is
accomplished by the language processor.
Different types of language processors are assembler, interpreter and compiler.

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The difference between compiler and interpreter is as follows:
Compiler Interpreter

(a) It translates the entire source code written in It translates the source code written in high-level
high-level language into machine code in one go. language in machine code line by line.
(b) Compiler takes a long time to analyze the Interpreter usually takes less time to analyze the
source code but the overall execution speed is source code but the overall execution speed is
fast. slow.
(c) lntermediat~ code is generated which requires No intermediate code is generated; hence, it is
more memory. _ _ _ _ more efficient.

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