ners Unit * Numerical Solution of Oxolinary * Taylors < series Method! : Given Diff: v ye as with the thitial condition ga > let yo ts the mar Solution of O- then > bg Fyne St expression around %. given by year's Yy (lec) +30) = ylarh) ” hen ee = ylay sh yitay SP yl(ay + ene +0 Taylor’ series J U + zs - Yd y (2) & (eae) yore) Cn 2) y" Cote) ono OO = : Dependent variable | i Indepenolant Vosetiabole ard_dyxvatis lependent variable w,¥-t in fe sent 4 tolled ordinal alifp. eg - = NOTE + IF dep: vaxloble > | = - System of DE Rods EBD indep vari X Taylor Series Metnod / Given a = froy sie fy _with_initiol Beindasey onde eee ee Bie PE SE Yor) let Yd is Dace solution Oo We know that by Taylor A = yla+h) = y(a) +h yay + ya) + = mm a ‘Then Taylor series censp expansion of yl) atte xo. cord = y (x= met) 2 ylath) = ylad th ya) ie : 4008 Sy nae Be ylath) syle) th yllals ht yea YC ytae) + ama) YP Gee) & (ERY yan) a Cantey Mae) met tt u“ 5 te epl” of DOSolve AY ys oye with y=) by Taylors Serles_method » Find yo.) ae pte pow decimal that ani: Giver’ “dy. = x-y™ with yle)=4 (yl = Bo) Es 0 Using Taylor's series; - phe Yyoos a Ga Y's) 4 tae Xo. ap yrs) iar, o —® ee DiI) + DOS +0002 ES) + B ODDR Pom O; x =o Wen = 5.a)3182 - yoo = yo) + xy’) + AE yW(o) 28 ym (o) 4 oso where yore on Yo aye 3 ye) = 0- yer = 0-1 a 4 (xy?) 5 ude Ie 2yy" du - =e yrled dx It Tena [yg yo] = yes = =a [yr y"/e) + ae __yMo=e yd ty") = 4 Ef 2 lg? (9) = -afyymayty! + 2y'y”] dx _Y! ee yitoyy'te) + ay ey") | 2-2 f-a-3-6) = 94 + Picard’s Method [fir successive appro Given ay 2 ft) with yor) =Ye—O | 2: “dye prey) dow. —® Oo =a - = a © ord tabi lini : Bie ee area, S* fray) de = ; a : wore = Yet §& poy) dx) —@Fivst prexinmabian - y's Yo + f fis Yo) da; yey a ae ye) = golf Dde Py ; ‘In. gel ss —— yl = yo + es (gO?) dae sth apex. 2 es © soe. dy Bye: = acy? with ye) <1 by pico Method. a ee y= yo + [* Pony) lx : where yYioj=L xe 20 % Ylbas Yo +L, Pou) dx at f* (an) dx +f e4o) =e AHYe = tite aH =) + [xten]* 2 exe U hoe % zB -. Pow) = me fsxazey De (420 _ p= a eS aha xS + 2424 3x41 FDteao (a) + J freoy) da OYer) died ietael + ata3 4 4 _ - e Yon = re [fate xt ante aati] da Je F a Yoo = SaaS + wh xd 4 aatam oes fore, He required do)” 7 t 2 : (x) = 14 tS 4 aH Han? + 3 4% the appox dol” of O 20 yes “2Solve thing Aleensls method . And Yor) fy = 4=8* “ifto} a a pms | Given, he ae Sa ae Na bo) Saye. rr Om =| 3 ad he x 7% — Fie 2 7 i yor = Yo , FY da ae Pleoye)= Yoo 2 tax SE alos des gulitte - i ar x — # =l+ Dp its 7 a heh fiw - si = z - (x = (ax pe. xloqtiex) [din ) ola ee st Te 4 Sj dx (fie a = aloq ita) = flog (4x) dx | 7 [een 2 (expen 2 1 2x 2 -2[0eo- 1 iam lex (40 Cte t30 } =e oD =-)4+2 T+> +x ae 142\ dx = eres Cissy" a 142) 2 = 2+ Blog (I-F22) - - 0 +2I0q0| YOO S42 log (42) yO = uy + {* fea. yl?) dx ‘0 uP oe fF [ys aa 6 { 1+ log (+2) hea , yo= Jn & + 2 log (14>) y lon) = )-011 +2 Jog (ey = 10906Feng) with ylod=yo Sok he 2th- ee “stn = te + nh - i = ok S ye yoo ai f lye) é ft x0,4o) = | At) ab Gu Dene Xe oly = (ate) Plo Yo) [eal [yr = Yosh Pree, yo) : rl au) = Yo-y) y _\M4 4) 342-70) = ) Lear (x2-2e1) f(.99) fens) = We M7 w- % | = : 9 yrh flee) & Solve differential ulin ts = Nap ea = boob toi — — = 2:0) 20°99 Yoo And We know that ay | eulere, 1 [per 2 Yn > “bf (40)Table : px 2 xo+nh n ae go Yn Unb = Yn th f (201 4n) 0 ° ! 0.99, yr = “ rs! 0:0) 0.99 O98 gt 2 O0r 0: 48 bia es ie 5 thesapbre | oprosimal. _dolution. Ps yom 03) | v mip culos method + Recall, +h oe eas “yl = Ye By is ule’ Method a “Now aking average, of +w0_slope Fe 5) a Flat, Ynai) | Padi @, @ given ea Cee f PLY yn +8 [fF am!) 68 (ana y Pyle J = is called Modified Eulevs Metrod. . ae method] —____ye2o, yee) x" Sole the Witte! value Fxg oa. “with h= 2 and — tht exWh with exact solution’ at R=O08 ms Given yyl=o 3 Af Stee: “de { Compare. #4 = fen) 22a| Gt appt. we Know that fides Method — yt) zy +h F(x say xD Ds TOO SL _ Sectnd x n= - yo = yO th Peay) 21L+02x02 = om appox", n= ye) = yh) * b Fla2 yo) Os YO + hf (29, yo) ay Saket Dia gte 5 Soh 2 ag ee ee yin) Fouy) Sea 4 Yo fey) i \ t 404 tn = Xo+ nh = 0+ 2/02) = 0:4 ‘ ' ' Fa.4o) = oe = 0: 3846 = 404 40:12 %0384G |! Lou y= 41-4164 ; pei appox: n=3 1 %BzO+3n0r = OG yo = yi. b fray) i flta¥sh= oe 5 0.6392 = 41169 +¥ 0:2 x 0» S392 164 = 120434 1 ti a Qdeae 01 = Ok to) 4 + hf ae jy!) L [+01 x0 = 3 Sy 4h (x0 wy V+oxod = s0L (mn Ya) = 018 ' ‘ fe, peter xo 2 0+} 20) | feu my= Ou oh= S0f + OL x 011980. = 1.0298 10298 + dx 0+ 24132 > 1.05393. yen 4+ bf usyuy x yO = yO bx Poe, yo) = \ —— yO eh Playa) Xne xotnh = o+ OIKXLE OR | f0ee.ye) = 0.2 2 ee) I xus OF 4x0 = OY Eee toheeeen jf eUMee SS 0:99994 > 1096} noses YS)_= yl +h Pe%5,ys) [ASE OF ERO = O'S : 4 |= 0969 +0) x 0.4559 | fESY¥s)205 = 9.4554 e149 { sda YP) 2 YO hp lay) {xe OF 60 = OG - 2). 14229 } O01 x 065253 | P2646) = 0.6 = _0-$253 = 11948 “ ! sa 2 = YP Flam) 5 1IIMB KO x 0: 5259 eeuieeadt yo is yo g yi? th Fae, ys) = 13192 138s 0 7aK0 2 1953H + 01 x006989 | PH Ya) = 08 1 XR2 OF 9KO1 HOF u f(2342) = oF fi bigs = 0:5859 08 pasayee 0:03 small eee ~ Hs _ ; eeeeenraaaas cc ie (2) = Jtoay er = Joeu-+) Exact _yl0'8)'= 1-28 a es at h=02 yloa) 385 oe heod Y (0-8) oR = [h2a- 1313] ab h= Ne. ” E%Tking_ Modified cule Method, clruirin. toe value of uhen SF Onl given that_y@)=1 and y's at+y. Hint: h= 00s nt: We nna Thal by Modified ules Mn Methedl, = it = Yo? = Yo [fan ym + Pam aa eee T aon 8 Fe A Method: tna) ee pad a Yo) Given; ysis ae + yord 200s x20) SRY ome 58s cS! At n=0 | fist ae aie 2 Yo +h ft ee Fea, y™ znz Yo th eee Ls 1+ ee b+ al ee 0512925 “Od (0:08) ay = Ye ze + pros flay mie 0S > apo0sed 5 405 By, uern n=d- 24 appt ONL =e a oe : a aoe AC Eyal ny * Pls ca) } fyi) )s 40825 q ue e = Tepe Se Susie « ay Plo, yo) = 22 +42 = (0:24 1105262 = F-06062 ~ yu) = Yo* HEP Ca, ys). 00S fy, @ = 105—(yros2s-+ {06262 Yeas Ss ig voez6x} < * Runge trutto Method (second | oeder) i we know that, by Eulers Methed Yr 2 ye + | i : Mocdi fed balers Method —_ ee a pin Hager? hi (fe yO: + Famer pers is Reduce RK a ; Yo = Yor bf Posey yg) aa = aaa “First approximation ; — ny ee +h fe [Fes yi) + fa yf Yle “Yo +h [pe yin») + flaerh » Ye sped} whet, oat Re nro bP Boy (0,4) ——— RRs hf (eth Y geneyesst > opt wees s called f-k _method of Second order.& Given thak ay = y-2 where —y(e)-= 2, Find yle-)_on (0-2). ~ conect te four decimal places by -¥ methad Second order with b =D. “And. We know that” biy Range Kutta Second order, Y= yoty [Kitk2 or ou ma y i pr ee where, k= hf (2 Yor) Ke af (x0 +h, York) _Airst Appox; 7 _ Y= Yo+ i [eitk2] ; where Kish flxs¥), - (01) 2. koe hf laerh, yo tk) ane ki =O x (Ya) = Or ® (20) S00 : , ve kp = 0) f (0+0),2+02) = 01 Fore FOX (aL-O) = SeOUX 2) = o-2I Y 2% 2+) [o2+08] = 21205: ‘ 2Z 3rd_appox_ 7 y2 = Yo +) [Mitke) ; KI h flog) x12 0+! (01) 201) (0-2) 2 ko = hf (rgths yeti) kr = ON f (OO), 2205+ 0.2105) | Kis od x (yl) 20) ‘ k SOP (02, 2HISs) = 01% (24155 -0-2) ! 2 7 0 % (2.205 - 0:1) = ox 2/05 = 0:2108' “Y= a+] [0:210S+0-22155] = 2/2160 : 2 = 0 22155 “Pormutlae ¥ 7 Lae eo - 3 = ders yr"? = Yn a bf (on, 9™) modified» yO"? = ym be [f(=0, fn) Paes, yaar — _—_— ie VE fn 41 [mtKe) > |= where, Rie WP yO) ech f (aa, y'tKd) a_kutta Method far_forth order: ~ ee yor ata (ki) + 22+ 23 + key) kee hE nt ga) Ela 2 ka = bf Bn yr) tia) ks hf arth , yor +k3) Ee Given dy 2 I+y? , with yl) =0. Finol yfo:2) ylo4) (0.6) 7 by Ranga - Huta. ‘method. zal 7 ans: Lee h = 0+) i 2 Rk uth order yt) = eye be L : ioe 2 (ket ka) + ku) ‘tne “ki = hb P(x, yer) zh f (zh sta. ksch fone ms <2) ky = Pf lanab Yn +kx) Yous _(@ Sib = ye) gp ieee pane : ‘ ' eyes! [4 Oba | ky = oF f (0) YM!) =O x4 = 04) ke = OV P/soth Yotki| = 01 fo t0.05 040-05) rN = 5y,) tr \ . = OF (14 (008) = 0:1 x Jo02s = D- loo2s S eee F(zeth jo+ ke) 2 0:) F (05, 0105012) Sa : l+y> = Florey - o- v3 x (i+ (0: 050/3)!) 2 = Oi) x 110025 = 0» looash ( pete) 0105 5 b-ben SAO 7 ‘ko: ne 1+ 40 O25, —©,10100S Re 7 SESE) = on x 10805 )5 = proest = 24 1 (0 aioe “To095 + 0: 180961 + BOF RABE -enace292 SomberYO (0-2) = yO) 4 J (r+ 2 (ka tea) + ku) 6 3 OF oP *. L__ 0:1 G+ (0100337) = ou f (od 0-1 , 0.10033 + 0-1010066) = 01 x f (0-18, 0.15083) 2 oF 2 Lene eS Ka = 0:1 f fos, 010033 + 0:102295 | = ov x f (015 01/5149) = f = 0102294 % c é ky = 0 F (ous, inteaiaeey = bx fle4s 0 :/02295. I m8 | f : 2. YO = 9.10033 + 1 (01010066 + 2 (0110 2294 + 0 -10224S) + 0102298) é : YY = 0.20240 : y® (0.3) = yO +p (kr + 2 (kotke) +ky) 22> 2x01 = oe a6 kre Ot Fe (22,4) = or F (0:2,0:20240) = 0:10409F ko = ou Port pup _0:20240 + 0+/04097) © 0+) (0:25 0- 25445) a \ z rs ze _ - = D1D6HR4 2 : ; ka = 00 f (0-25, 0, 202H0+ 0: 106494 | = pu fp (025 , 0:30887) Demag eons ; Ka = 00 F [ores » 020240 +0 101199) = 0:/0921F -_ (0.109099 + 2(0: 106494 + 0°/01199) + 0-093)Vit 4 - Interpolation * Finite difference + Assume that we have table of values (2,43), ie =O) e any function yor) = FOO, the values o cf as equally. Spaced je Xi = nh, os "aed us Ayr Aye=B§o “By cate Bul =i 4 Ysa Ofe oe gorge ages ete Sl Yo Yya-yi = Ay ya yts dy, | ; a Ye Co yaya = At nyacay = Aya Biya Byr= OY | oa | 78 | 98 A, Yan yas 443 Bas 54 : Backward differtree. Table (V~ Nemble) / — a yl Vv? va _ Vi bYespyi- ape be Vp yi Vp ae Vip = Vip tV ya Vis-V, hus- a Vus~ Vyr= Te Me Tee Vya o_o Dye ypatys Te Vya-Vy3= as an ee Sta ys=Vyh " : - — iieet a DW Yo = Vy Oye = Vi ya, tapes Ayis Vy2 Ay = Vi ys Algo = Vify* Newton's forward difference interpolation forma. : Yn = Yo +P Ayo + Plp-) A*yo * ppapip=2) AYYe af Sos bie ui ~(p. =n) Ayo. who == Xerph Ue ts _usepeul for interpolation near ihe beginning of sek of tobwlor values. & Find the cubte. polynomial whieh takes thes following values — YO) =3H | Y() =120 | Y(S)= 186 | 49) = 720 and find the value of yl@. ional eae An: y | av | w | v3 a 1 | s4—p 86 —} - F077 S68 +90 “3 0p 16 56g | = 638 5 1364p say | J ; 3 720° | “YOO = Yo + P Ayo + Pl es pd -1) (p-2) Dye Baye + pip pipeidipen) By © BH +0) 86 + ie : a Dwls Newtons backward diference interpolation fot, - ue Ypto_= Yo +pVys eles» Wye + pop) I) = Ya tee f +) a av" is + pps) where >= a ae |__or ps (xm) i called Newton's backward difesinee | ; ‘ a is i (& for the dota ie id icc Ba Ee Construct phe pelymonicl ord foo | Ang. —find flo-s)_ o> PR = Flee a yp pies A ya Dey + plp-1)(p-2) (p-3) Bua + plp- Dp 2)(p~ 8) (p~4) 2 ye und Wes ia + Cae49) Cy + eae) cle ° ‘+0 ro HD { thane ps sates (are) = (xr) eo a aie hb 5 #-lox- 90 +3 [xt pane xed aera eee YloSl = 3(05)% _yosy+) = 1-75 iO N@pE ak x2 hO, _ OF) “A EY TONS Ge NONETNE NONE _ a ) foo hed F093 - 70398 Ones 1429 96 6a) la. “Porm Oo tobe tae a. __ fla) = x3 45x-F ‘for %=-10 hg de PL take te aan a fin. i es + plp -plpe MSY, = Lb i ie se a fs yy an whut p= 2% — —— ckwordl b = a ee hg ee Note: Centre fix leentre value Yo. Then we take value of first Cerealre pounce ‘8’ from obove (wrt. Agath we awume center valu "and take next value 5° (From obove ) and 40 on G: Find fre from Gauss forivard interpolation formule: Toble. x 20 25 30 35 2 pe LS. 2 <7 4 fe 354 832 29) 260° 23) 204 | NG ke Soe = Ans x fix) Toe = Rig) Se = BF 20 354 1 a ape eae) Se 09 rideche wd FYS zis, | =, 419 ty ~B 8 Se 385 2 30 99) oO” ci] 7 260 yO 23) a 46 204 SSS | ar Fy Sarl ase aS a) =3) ~e - 2 2 260 u 24 ae a ot, 43) -22 Go : We know that —- 5 = — (a) = Yo + P Syo + plp-1) Sys + plp-Nlp-)S Yo + Yor = ot & Re + php) Bye + Pe Es tig nip ap) Sp * pip Dip ope ip S*ye 4 He % = 22-95 = 2 = “06 = - — : Hie NE ee NO a ; ; Yaa) = 332 + CO'6 CH + (-6)ENG) (-14)_ + (0-6) 16) 63-6) (-®) 7 + oy, oe a 6 ; 46) (3-6) 1-33) + (nag)(-M6)t-2"6I-86) C46) x (45)Lque Grom _ oe * hoterpolalion with une oqual interval: (9 Jang rang es inepseio Prmulo. oo a (n) ane divi difforenae few ee pete i} Langranget ‘Interpolation formula, + a Jf y= POO takes values ft, Yo Ya = “corresponding. foam 20, %2, X35 %» Then fC tan be written a4; “foo = (22+) (X= a) = (= HM) Yo (420) = ~X) tomaty _ (20 ~ 21) (Xo 202) +0 (0 = %) (0-20) (21722) --- (21-4) were (e220) Ho Xa) (= Xn) Yn — (20-3) (2tn= 20)»: (219 KH!) As “alld npg nepal fr for unequal values Ext From Table _ find fC using lang range’ ks - " 13 1 t '_interpolafion. 5 150 392 1462 4366 5202 “& & Find the he_poliyn onaial_t2)_by using langranges_Interpelahion Fatal Heong a cs £ ome ih — _ ans a AM le Know tha ee_interpalation a HY = (a2) (5¢= 23) (4-73) Yo + (cx eo) oe 2a) (2093) My (0~ 2s) (20 ~ 22) (210- x3) ae 20) (t1-22) (x - 23) a (xo xe)loe= 24) (2-2) Yo + Ce me) (ae= 201) (25202) Ys Cae xe\(r2-%)) (a3) (29-20) (3-24) (213-22) a (xe aD Eo eaten Cer o)e= a(x-S) 9 3 + ae -10 (-0(1- 2) (1s) ; — (x- vy (=) (2-9) ya + (% oye) (x-2) > | eons) (Seeds) (era)2a [et-x-axra)ln-o)) + (A> axylors) 46 + (ston) Go8)x 12 + (ex) (2-8) KF a a é Go - beth (a% x2- Qar+ an - Sx24Sx4 Joa lo] + 3 [8 ax2- 5x +105] ie = SAE ut Fi Ll s [eee oh PE 60 +m Doses a] : 7 = : 2 re =23] eee Q+ ut +t (g-dl + la a 53H 60 s a oi * Newtons divided difference. forma se Dwided_difPerence_operakor_ (ae _ Table for_divided difference Aves] or BM 2 ya-dy - Cr ee Tne . Alpes] or Ay, 2 Yee =ox) = Yo + me) A(xex] + (1-28) (x20 a Go, x1 ,22) +O -xe) (= =) _ (3a) A8 (e104, 28) + oo & (ea, <2 en) is called Newtonk divided! 1 fren frm. fiw wa Intervals: Wing. Newt Gide fence forma. pea eed fs n ; 4 y 48 100 #44 40 (210 2028 ob (=m) 2 (R- x1) 401”. Given, : x 2 92-52 = (5) >. 9-15 2) 7 yO 4 99-9 2 ms aida ® - : 4 a-10 FOB) = 48 + (8-4) x 82 + (8-uNL8-5) x IS + (2HD(E-SNE_9)x 1 +o + Os 7 [fey = 465 wae | ° ae Pusy = = 2028 +(is- 13) x 404 patie SOS ny x33 + (15 - 13) (IS ~ Mis ~10) xbtO+O [puss = 3159, i - 7Numerical Inteqroki on Def : The_proces “of evaluabig a definite “Integral fiom_a Set of tabulated valued of” the Integers andl Peay is Called numerical intenredinn i Sat en a * Newton. lote Guadrntive irmula let _Y = fey hen I= iia fees dae Ls. “where fC2) anhes the values Yo, 4. Ua yn for 2x07 Soees Sep) Now, dibich the interval (2,h into n- swb- intervals wath — widtle_size, bh So tena, xeath, ee X= totnh=b From Gi eet 1S SE tS 2 [zt pn : 7 ies fi sas oy as (4. + hbye + hth) Bye sirens xe U La EERE RAL fpr ee a Fay thay + bho? Sy t ; That Tropagiclel Ruby a ff Tae al dh, for n=), take upto fixst_approt ee eres ee i =f Tye bty-y9} “ic_integration aa Se oe ee — wall Tybee] BP an and)wed |e Tee) Me Geant) ad Gn) T= t+ In---- ley *n Tape oid Rule (n=) jn Newton -corten formula) fen da be Cie) F 2lytyp ees + Yn) Es Pas where 2= xe t hh | is @lled Trapescid mule, Simpson Ya Rule [n=2 in Newhon - Cotes) ; Bi —— feerda = b Fyecrya) alge yet = + Yai) + ey Riya nyt oot wep a 1 Simpsons Y3 Rule! = ao Fox sb ligelealy yey ao ) me + 2(Ya+ Ye + Yq to une * Boolds Rule (9= 4) 5 - * Weddle Rule (>= 6) pee Zep oO x (ay Trapescid Rule BeBe -bintuale |, 5 eng Sn cee _— (os teh siveere mala ~ ow 0 , HEE Ans Here oO 2 Rn= 6 ans nh he & divide interval _[0¢) into_six “Sub vintexvad by $=" 5 pulling n=¢ fee oily We know the trapepid vale f fee dx = aa pis} +2 (yrtya+ Yat 4a +Yye+¥s} _ Xes0 =I map saeg xed,iat yours} et (pe Ved pa 10 fy = yo) eee cof ga er 1th Vary “Trak (eye ID = faye) ST La (xs) = ee fig tel Je + TE shat sp ¥ 145r QC - = fire Lees = +2 a(ee eee = HOR toa le ae oe Simpsons Yat rule: { ah Frade = he [ise + (yaya Ys) + 26ger gel] — he ee = 1 Ve +1 a4) ae = 13662. __ St Abs + {4 10% se #3 sfeen ee Sur SR % “@ oe ever tne sca ili 3Y4 _ sol; “Joke, h= td = 099 0 ate mB on i pO 0S FS br does: ; i Yo= x2” = 012222 uss 23 = 013956 _ pr oee (435 simpsons. re ; - cee = [lyeeyon +a lgieys) + algal 99] = = a [oo $Y (010615 + 0:3956) + 2 (0.2282 z=) = eae TaR x* dz = Lio v+s)} 21 = 0.83/08 \35 3 4 le 4 lng. Thus err0r = 0" aglog - 0:23!) YO) = hg 24 wet ee Bon = ee dt A dx = i 3 70