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Unit-2 - Advanced Concepts of Modeling in AI

The document discusses advanced concepts in AI, focusing on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), including their definitions, examples, and differences. It explains the importance of data, features, and data labeling in AI modeling, along with supervised and unsupervised learning approaches. Additionally, it covers artificial neural networks and their applications in real-world scenarios such as facial recognition and customer support.

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83 views4 pages

Unit-2 - Advanced Concepts of Modeling in AI

The document discusses advanced concepts in AI, focusing on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), including their definitions, examples, and differences. It explains the importance of data, features, and data labeling in AI modeling, along with supervised and unsupervised learning approaches. Additionally, it covers artificial neural networks and their applications in real-world scenarios such as facial recognition and customer support.

Uploaded by

lakshyagarg547
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit-2: Advanced Concepts of Modeling in AI

Artificial Intelligence, refers to any technique


that enables computers to mimic human
intelligence. An artificially intelligent machine
works on algorithms and data fed to it and
gives the desired output.

Machine Learning (ML)


The machine learns from its mistakes and takes them into consideration in the next execution. It
improvises itself using its own experiences.

Examples of Machine Learning (ML)


1.Object Classification Identifies and labels
objects present within an image or data point.
2. Anomaly Detection Anomaly detection helps
us find the unexpected things hiding in our
data. For example, tracking your heart rate.

Deep Learning
It enables software to train itself to perform
tasks with vast amounts of data.
In deep learning, the machine is trained
with huge amounts of data which helps
it into training itself around the data.

Examples of Deep Learning (DL)


Object Identification Object classification in deep
learning tackles the task of identifying and labeling
objects within an image.

Digit Recognition Digit recognition in deep learning


tackles the challenge of training computers to identify
handwritten digits (0-9) within images.

Data - Data is information in any form. For e.g. A table with information
about fruits is data
Features - Columns of the tables are called features
Data Labeling - It is the process of attaching meaning to data
Labeled Data - Data to which some tag/label is attached.
For e.g. Name, type, number, etc.
Unlabeled Data
The raw form of data
Data to which no tag is attached.
Training Data set and Testing Data Set

AI Modelling refers to developing algorithms, also called models which can be trained to get
intelligent outputs.

Rule Based Approach Rule Based Approach - The machine follows the rules or instructions
mentioned by the developer, and performs its task accordingly. Eg - Chatbots

Learning Based Approach - The computer learns to perform it by analyzing data and finding
patterns or rules on its own, instead of programmer giving rules.

Supervised learning and Unsupervised learning.


Supervised Learning:

-Classification uses predefined classes in -Regression algorithms predict a


which objects are assigned. continuous value based on the input
For example. variables.
1.​ in the grading system, For example-
students are classified on the basis of the 1: Predicting temperature Temperature is a
Grades continuous variable, meaning it can take on
2.​ Classifying emails as spam or not any value within a range
2: Predicting the price of the house
Predicting the price of the house based on
some parameters:Features/Independent
Variables, No of bedroom

Unsupervised learning

The clustering model will be able to identify It is used to find interesting relationships
clusters based on some similarities or patterns between variables from the database.
which are not defined in the input.
Ex- shopping stores use algorithms based on
this technique to find out the relationship
between the sale of one product w.r.t to
another's sales based on customer behavior.
Like if a customer buys milk, then he may also
buy bread, eggs, or butter.

Deep Learning
Artificial Neural networks (ANN) - Artificial Neural
networks are modelled on the human brain
and nervous system. They are able to
automatically extract features without input
from the programmer.
Convolution Neural Network - It can take in an input image, assign importance (learnable weights
and biases) to various aspects/objects in the image and be able to differentiate one from the other.

Artificial Neural Network


Input layer -to acquire data and feed in
Hidden layer - performs computation by means
of weights and biases.The value found
from this calculation passed through
a selected activation function

Real-world applications of neural network


are facial recognition, customer support
chatbot, vegetable price prediction etc.

Perceptron:

I will Go to the park(Threshold is greater than 0) I will not go to the park(Threshold less than 0)

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