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Stat 1

The document provides an overview of random variables, defining them as functions that associate real numbers with elements in a sample space. It distinguishes between discrete random variables, which have countable outcomes, and continuous random variables, which take on values on a continuous scale. Several examples illustrate how to determine the values of random variables in different scenarios, such as defective cell phones and coin tosses.

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Kerby Pineda
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7 views14 pages

Stat 1

The document provides an overview of random variables, defining them as functions that associate real numbers with elements in a sample space. It distinguishes between discrete random variables, which have countable outcomes, and continuous random variables, which take on values on a continuous scale. Several examples illustrate how to determine the values of random variables in different scenarios, such as defective cell phones and coin tosses.

Uploaded by

Kerby Pineda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistics

and
Probability
CLASS
ORIENTATION
What do I
expect?
What are your
expectations?
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

• define random variables;


• differentiate discrete from continuous random
variables; and
• solve problems involving random variables

MonBasco
RANDOM VARIABLE
- is a function that associates a real number with
element in the sample space.

- it is variable whose values are determined


by chance.

In other words, a random variable is a function


X : S - R, where S is the sample space of the
random experiment under consideration
EXAMPLE 1:
DEFECTIVE CELL PHONES
Suppose three (3) cellphones are tested at
random. We want to find out the number of
defective cellphones. Thus, to each outcome in
the sample space we shall assign a value either
of 0, 1, 2, or 3. If there is no defective cell phone,
we assign the number 0; if there is one defective
cellphones, we assign the number 1; if there are
two defective cellphones, we assign the number
2; and if there are three defective cellphones, we
assign the number 3. The number of defective
cellphones is a random variable. The possible
values of this random variable are 0, 1, 2, and 3.
ILLUSTRATION:
Let D represent the defective cellphone and N
represent the non-defective cellphones. If we let
X be the random variable representing the
number of defective cellphones, can you show
the values of the random variable X? Complete
the table below to show the values of the
random variables.

Possible Outcomes Value of the Random Variable X


(Number of defective cellphones)
SOLUTION:
Possible Outcomes Value of the Random Variable X
(Number of defective cellphones)
NNN 0
NND 1
NDN 1
DNN 1
NDD 2
DND 2
DDN 2
DDD 3

So, the possible values of the random variable X


are 0, 1, 2 and 3.
EXAMPLE 2:
TOSSING THREE COINS
Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the
random variable representing the number of tails
that turn up. Find the values of the random
variable Y. Complete the table below.
Possible Outcomes Value of the Random Variable Y
(Number of Tails)

So, the possible


values of the
random
variable Y are
0, 1, 2 and 3.
EXAMPLE 3:
DRAWING BALLS FROM AN URN
Two balls are drawn in succession without
replacement from an urn containing 5 red balls
and 6 blue balls. Let Z be the random variable
representing the number of blue balls. Find the
values of the random variable Z. Complete the
table.

Possible Outcomes Value of the Random Variable Z


(Number of Blue Balls)
So, the possible
values of the
random variable
Z are 0, 1, and 2.
The random variables in the preceding activities are called discrete random variables
DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE
- is a set of possible outcomes being countable.
Mostly, discrete random variables represent
count data, such as the number of defective
chairs produced in a factory.
- a sample space contains a finite number
of possibilities or an unending sequence
with as many elements as there are whole
numbers (countable).

- a random variable is called a discrete random


variable if its set of possible outcomes is
countable.
NON-DISCRETE/CONTINUOUS
RANDOM VARIABLE
- takes on values on a continuous scale. Often,
continuous random variables represent
measured data, such as height, weight, and
temperature.

- a sample space that contains an infinite


number of possibilities equal to the
number of points on a line segment.
WRAP UP!
Random Variable
Sample Space
Discrete Random Variable

Continuous Random Variable

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