C Programming Revision Guide

PPS-2022-AKTU.pdf
PDF

PPS-2021-AKTU-2.pdf
PDF

PPS-2020-AKTU (1).pdf
PDF

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Here’s a compiled question set for PPS in C Programming based on the repeated
topics from the AKTU 2020, 2021, and 2022 exams. It includes all aspects like
differences, commonalities, syntax, examples, and explanations.

Programming for Problem Solving (PPS) - Revision

Question Set

1. Basics of C Programming

Define fundamental data types in C and their range.

What is the difference between Compiler and Interpreter?

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 Explain the generations of programming languages with examples.

Differentiate between high-level and low-level programming languages.

2. Operators and Expressions

Define all arithmetic operators in C with examples.

Explain operator precedence and associativity.

What is an operand? Provide examples.

How does operator precedence affect expressions with the same precedence?

3. Control Statements

Differentiate between entry-controlled and exit-controlled loops.

Write the syntax of the continue statement and explain its usage.

What is the need for a break statement in a switch case?

Explain different types of control statements with examples.

4. Functions & Recursion

Define a recursive function and explain its advantages.

Write a C program to find the Fibonacci series using recursion.

Write a C program to find the factorial of a number using recursion.

5. Arrays & Strings

Write a short note on arrays.

Write a C program for matrix multiplication of two matrices.

Differentiate between strings and character arrays.

Write a C program to check if a string is a palindrome.

6. Sorting and Searching

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 Explain the sorting process and its importance.

Define Selection Sort and Bubble Sort with examples.

Write a C program to implement Bubble Sort with the dataset (5,7,2,1,3,6).

7. Structures, Unions, and Memory Management

Differentiate between Structure and Union.

How is the size of a structure defined in C?

Explain the concept of a self-referential structure with an example.

Explain dynamic memory allocation and the importance of the free()

function.

8. Pointers & File Handling

Explain pointers with an example.

Differentiate between read and write mode in file handling.

Write a C program to copy content from one file to another and count
characters.

Explain the different storage classes in C with examples.

9. Programming Tasks & Pattern Printing

Write a C program to print a number pattern:

1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10

Write a C program to print an inverted star pyramid:

****
***

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 **
*

Write a C program to check if a number is an Armstrong number.

This covers all repeated topics from the previous years' papers with all
comparison aspects included. Would you like this formatted as a document? 🚀

reread and make a full comprehenvice questions set

Reasoned about comprehensive PPS question set for 20 seconds

Below is a comprehensive revision question set covering all the repeated topics
from the PPS (Programming for Problem Solving) C programming exams (AKTU 2020–
2022). This set is organized by topics and includes questions that ask you to compare
differences, identify common aspects, write the syntax, provide examples with code,
and demonstrate the concepts.

Section I: Fundamentals of C Programming

1. Data Types & Algorithms

Fundamental Data Types:

Define the primary data types (int, float, double, char) and list their
ranges.

Compare: What are the differences and similarities between these types?

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 Syntax & Example: Write code to declare variables of each type.

Algorithm for Addition:

Describe the steps of an algorithm to add two numbers.

Comparison: How does this algorithm relate to the implementation in C?

Task: Write the algorithm and the corresponding C code for addition.

2. Arithmetic Operators & Expressions

Operators:

List and define all arithmetic operators in C.

Comparison: Discuss operator precedence and associativity. How do

operators with the same precedence behave?

Syntax & Example: Write sample expressions and show their evaluation.

Operands:

Explain the concept of operands in expressions.

Task: Provide examples that demonstrate how different operand types

affect arithmetic results.

Section II: Memory, Macros, and Preprocessing

3. Memory Hierarchy & Volatile Memory

Memory Hierarchy:

Draw and explain a diagram of a computer’s memory hierarchy.

Discussion: Why is RAM considered a volatile memory?

Task: Illustrate with an example how memory hierarchy affects program

performance.

4. Preprocessor & Macros

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 Preprocessor Directives:

Define what a preprocessor is and its role in C programming.

Advantages: Explain the benefits of using macros.

Syntax & Code: Write an example using `#define` and discuss its impact
on code readability and performance.

Section III: Control Structures and Loops

5. Loop Constructs & Their Control Statements

Entry vs. Exit Controlled Loops:

Comparison: What is the difference between entry-controlled loops (for,

while) and exit-controlled loops (do-while)?

Syntax & Example: Provide code samples for each loop type.

Continue Statement:

Usage: Explain the syntax and purpose of the continue statement in

loops.

Task: Write a C program snippet using continue and discuss potential

pitfalls.

Break Statement in Switch:

Comparison: How does break in a switch-case differ from its use in loops?

Example: Write a switch-case code example to demonstrate its necessity.

6. Conditional Loops: while vs. do-while

Task: Compare and contrast the while loop and do-while loop with respect to
their syntax and execution flow.

Demonstration: Provide code examples that show when each loop is

appropriate.

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Section IV: Functions and Recursion

7. Recursive Functions

Definition & Advantages:

What is a recursive function? Discuss its benefits and potential issues

(e.g., stack overflow).

Task:

Write a recursive C program to calculate the factorial of a number.

Comparison: Compare the recursive approach with an iterative solution.

Fibonacci Series:

Write a recursive function to print the Fibonacci series up to n numbers.

Explanation: Illustrate the logic and flow of recursion with code

comments.

Section V: Arrays, Strings, and Pattern Printing

8. Arrays and Their Operations

Array Basics:

Explain how arrays are declared and used in C.

Task: Write a C program for matrix multiplication and explain the code.

Odd/Even Elements:

Write a program to identify odd and even elements in an array and

compute their sums separately.

Syntax & Demonstration: Provide detailed code with explanation.

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 9. Strings and Palindromes

String Manipulation:

Explain the use of character arrays to handle strings in C.

Task:

Write a program to check whether a given string is a palindrome.

Discussion: Compare different methods of string processing and highlight

the pros and cons.

10. Pattern Printing

Number Pattern:

Write a program to print the following numeric pattern:

1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10

Explanation: Detail the logic and loop structure used.

Star Pattern:

Write a program to print an inverted star pyramid:

****
***
**
*

Task: Discuss the approach and syntax used in this pattern printing.

11. Armstrong and Palindrome Numbers

Task:

Write a C program to check if a number is an Armstrong number.

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 Comparison: Explain the logic behind Armstrong and Palindrome checks
and how they differ.

Section VI: Sorting Algorithms

12. Sorting Methods

Importance of Sorting:

Explain why sorting is a crucial process in programming.

Bubble Sort vs. Selection Sort:

Comparison: Compare the working principles, syntax, and time

complexities of Bubble Sort and Selection Sort.

Task:

Write a C program using Bubble Sort to sort the list [5, 7, 2, 1, 3, 6].

Provide a flow chart or step-by-step explanation alongside the code.

Section VII: Structures, Unions, and Pointers

13. Structures and Unions

Structures:

Define a structure and explain how to determine its size.

Syntax & Code: Write an example showing structure declaration and

memory allocation.

Comparison:

What are the key differences and similarities between a structure and a
union? Provide example code for both.

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14. Self-Referential Structures and Linked Lists

Task:

Explain the concept of a self-referential structure using pointers.

Example: Write a code snippet to create a node for a linked list and
demonstrate how nodes are linked.

15. Pointers in C

Concept & Usage:

Explain pointers, pointer arithmetic, and their role in C programming.

Task: Provide sample code to demonstrate pointer declaration,

initialization, and usage.

Section VIII: Dynamic Memory Allocation and File

Handling

16. Dynamic Memory Allocation

Memory Functions:

Explain the use of malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), and free().

Task: Write a complete C program that dynamically allocates memory for

an array, uses it, and then frees it.

Discussion: Why is it important to free dynamically allocated memory?

17. File Handling in C

Modes of File Operation:

Compare read and write modes in file handling.

Task:

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 Write a C program to copy content from one file to another and count
the characters.

Include syntax for file opening, error checking, reading, writing, and
closing files.

Section IX: Additional Topics

18. Storage Classes in C

Overview:

Explain the different storage classes (auto, register, static, extern).

Comparison: How do these storage classes differ in terms of scope,

lifetime, and linkage?

Task: Write a program that demonstrates the effect of at least two

different storage classes.

19. Digital Computer & Programming Levels

High-Level vs. Low-Level Languages:

Compare high-level and low-level programming languages with examples.

Task:

Draw and explain a diagram of a digital computer.

Discuss how the C language fits into the high-level programming

category.

Summary of Key Points (One-liners)

Data Types: Know int, float, double, char – their ranges, declarations, and usage.

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 Arithmetic Operators: Understand operator precedence, associativity, and
operand roles.

Memory & Preprocessing: Master the memory hierarchy, volatile memory, and
macro usage.

Control Structures: Differentiate loop types (while, do-while, for), continue, and
break.

Recursion: Understand recursive functions with factorial and Fibonacci examples.

Arrays & Strings: Practice matrix multiplication, palindrome checking, and odd-
even processing.

Pattern Printing: Develop logic for numeric and star patterns with complete
code demonstrations.

Sorting: Compare Bubble and Selection sorts with syntax and flow charts.

Structures & Pointers: Know how to declare, compare, and use structures,
unions, and pointers.

Dynamic Memory & File I/O: Implement memory allocation functions and file
operations with error checking.

Miscellaneous: Understand storage classes, digital computer basics, and the C

language level.

This set is designed to help you revise all major topics in C programming for your
AKTU PPS examinations by encouraging deep comparisons, syntax practice, and
hands-on coding. Happy coding and best of luck with your revision!

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