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TDMA

The Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm (TDMA), or Thomas Algorithm, is an efficient method for solving linear equations with tri-diagonal coefficient matrices. It involves two main steps: forward elimination to create an upper triangular system and backward substitution to find the unknowns. TDMA is computationally efficient with O(n) complexity and is particularly useful in engineering applications like fluid dynamics and heat conduction.

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4 views1 page

TDMA

The Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm (TDMA), or Thomas Algorithm, is an efficient method for solving linear equations with tri-diagonal coefficient matrices. It involves two main steps: forward elimination to create an upper triangular system and backward substitution to find the unknowns. TDMA is computationally efficient with O(n) complexity and is particularly useful in engineering applications like fluid dynamics and heat conduction.

Uploaded by

dsantharao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm (TDMA) - Thomas Algorithm

The Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm (TDMA), also known as the Thomas Algorithm, is an efficient
numerical method for solving a system of linear equations where the coefficient matrix is tri-
diagonal. A tri-diagonal matrix has nonzero elements only on the main diagonal, the first lower
diagonal, and the first upper diagonal.

General Form of the Tri-Diagonal System

A system of equations in the form:

a_i x_{i-1} + b_i x_i + c_i x_{i+1} = d_i, \quad \text{for } i = 1, 2, \dots, n

where:

a_i represents the sub-diagonal (below the main diagonal) elements,

b_i represents the main diagonal elements,

c_i represents the super-diagonal (above the main diagonal) elements,

d_i, represents the right-hand side of the equation,

x_i are the unknowns to be solved.

Steps of the TDMA (Thomas Algorithm)

1. Forward Elimination (Modifying the Coefficients)

Modify the coefficients to create an upper triangular system:

c'i = \frac{c_i}{b_i - a_i c'{i-1}}

d'i = \frac{d_i - a_i d'{i-1}}{b_i - a_i c'_{i-1}}

2. Backward Substitution

Solve for first:

x_n = d'_n

x_i = d'i - c'_i x{i+1}, \quad \text{for } i = n-1, n-2, ..., 1

Advantages of TDMA

Computationally efficient: O(n) complexity (compared to Gaussian elimination which has O(n³)).

Uses less memory as it works directly on the tri-diagonal structure.

Useful in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in fluid dynamics, heat conduction, and other
engineering applications.

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