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Disk Management

The document provides a step-by-step guide on creating and managing disk partitions using the fdisk utility, including creating a filesystem and mounting it. It also covers setting up a Logical Volume Manager (LVM), creating physical volumes, volume groups, and logical volumes, as well as extending logical volumes and resizing filesystems. Additionally, it includes practice questions for hands-on learning.

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Umang Makwana
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2 views5 pages

Disk Management

The document provides a step-by-step guide on creating and managing disk partitions using the fdisk utility, including creating a filesystem and mounting it. It also covers setting up a Logical Volume Manager (LVM), creating physical volumes, volume groups, and logical volumes, as well as extending logical volumes and resizing filesystems. Additionally, it includes practice questions for hands-on learning.

Uploaded by

Umang Makwana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Creating a Partition Using fdisk

The fdisk utility is used to create, delete, and manage partitions on a disk.

Steps:

1. List Available Disks:

bash
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lsblk

Output:

bash
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NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 20G 0 part /
└─sda2 8:2 0 80G 0 part /data

Explanation:

o lists block devices, their sizes, and their mount points.


lsblk
Identify the disk you want to partition, e.g., /dev/sdb.
o
2. Open fdisk for Disk Management:

bash
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fdisk /dev/sdb

oCommand Breakdown:
 /dev/sdb: The disk to partition.
3. Create a New Partition:
o Inside fdisk, enter these commands interactively:
 Press n to create a new partition.
 Choose a partition type: primary or logical.
 Specify the partition number (default is usually fine).
 Set the first and last sector (or accept defaults for the whole disk).
o Example Output:

sql
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Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-209715199, default
209715199): +20G

4. Write Changes:
o Press w to save changes and exit fdisk.
o Important: If you want to cancel, use q.
5. Refresh the Partition Table:

bash
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partprobe

Explanation:

o Updates the kernel with the new partition information.


6. Check the Partition:

bash
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lsblk

o Verify that the partition is created, e.g., /dev/sdb1.

2. Create a Filesystem

A partition must have a filesystem before it can be used.

Steps:

1. Create a Filesystem:

bash
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mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

Command Breakdown:

o mkfs.ext4:
Creates an ext4 filesystem.
o /dev/sdb1:
The new partition.
2. Label the Partition (Optional):

bash
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e2label /dev/sdb1 data_partition

3. Create a Mount Point:

bash
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mkdir /mnt/data

4. Mount the Partition:

bash
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mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/data

5. Verify the Mount:


bash
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df -h

Output:

bash
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1 20G 0G 20G 0% /mnt/data

6. Persistent Mounting: Add the entry to /etc/fstab:

bash
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echo '/dev/sdb1 /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab

3. Logical Volume Manager (LVM)

What is Needed Before Creating LVM?

 A physical disk or partition to use as a Physical Volume (PV).


 LVM requires the lvm2 package (installed by default in RHEL).

Steps to Create an LVM:

1. Create a Physical Volume (PV):

bash
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pvcreate /dev/sdb1

Command Breakdown:

o pvcreate: Initializes /dev/sdb1 as a physical volume for LVM.


2. Create a Volume Group (VG):

bash
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vgcreate my_vg /dev/sdb1

Command Breakdown:

o vgcreate: Creates a volume group named my_vg.


o /dev/sdb1: Adds the PV to the volume group.
3. Create a Logical Volume (LV):

bash
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lvcreate -L 10G -n my_lv my_vg

Command Breakdown:
o -L 10G: Specifies the size of the logical volume (10 GB).
o -n my_lv: Names the logical volume my_lv.
o my_vg: The volume group name.
4. Create a Filesystem on the LV:

bash
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mkfs.xfs /dev/my_vg/my_lv

5. Mount the Logical Volume:

bash
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mkdir /mnt/lvm_data
mount /dev/my_vg/my_lv /mnt/lvm_data

6. Verify the Mount:

bash
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df -h

4. Extend an LVM

1. Extend the Logical Volume:

bash
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lvextend -L +5G /dev/my_vg/my_lv

Command Breakdown:

o -L +5G: Increases the size by 5 GB.


o /dev/my_vg/my_lv: Specifies the logical volume to extend.
2. Resize the Filesystem: For XFS:

bash
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xfs_growfs /mnt/lvm_data

For ext4:

bash
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resize2fs /dev/my_vg/my_lv

3. Verify the New Size:

bash
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df -h
Practice Questions

1. Create a partition, format it with ext4, and mount it permanently at /mnt/data.


2. Set up an LVM with:
o A PV of 20 GB.
o A VG named test_vg.
o An LV of 10 GB named test_lv.
o Mount the LV at /mnt/test_data.
3. Extend the logical volume by 5 GB and resize the filesystem.
4. Create an additional partition on a disk, convert it to an LVM PV, and add it to the existing VG.

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