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Programming Language

A programming language is a formal method for humans to communicate with computers through a set of instructions. They bridge the gap between human languages and machine language, with types categorized as low-level and high-level languages. The document also discusses the structure and features of the C programming language, along with simple examples for practice.

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2 views3 pages

Programming Language

A programming language is a formal method for humans to communicate with computers through a set of instructions. They bridge the gap between human languages and machine language, with types categorized as low-level and high-level languages. The document also discusses the structure and features of the C programming language, along with simple examples for practice.

Uploaded by

thiru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is a Programming Language?

A programming language is a formal way of communicating with a computer. It is used


to write a set of instructions, called a program, that tells the computer what to do.

Just like we use human languages (like English or Tamil) to speak to each other,
programmers use programming languages to speak to computers.

🧠 Why Are Programming Languages Important?


Computers are machines — they only understand binary language (0s and 1s). Writing in
binary is very difficult for humans, so programming languages were developed to make
communication easier.

Programming languages act as a bridge between humans and machines.

🔍 Types of Programming Languages


1. Low-Level Languages (closer to machine)

 Machine Language (binary code)


 Assembly Language (uses short mnemonics like ADD, SUB)
 Faster but harder to understand

2. High-Level Languages (closer to human)

 Examples: C, C++, Java, Python


 Easier to read and write
 Must be translated into machine language using compilers or interpreters

🧠 Components of a Programming Language


🔤 Syntax

 The rules of how to write code


 Example: Every statement in C ends with ;

📖 Semantics

 The meaning of the code


 Example: a = b + c; means “add b and c, then store it in a”

🏗️ Categories / Paradigms of Programming Languages


1. Procedural (step-by-step instructions)

 Example: C, Pascal
 Programs are made of functions and procedures

2. Object-Oriented

 Example: Java, C++


 Focus on objects and classes
3. Functional

 Example: Haskell, Lisp


 Focus on pure functions and mathematical logic

4. Scripting

 Example: Python, JavaScript


 Easy to write and used for automation, web pages, etc.

🔧 How Does a Programming Language Work?


1. You write a program in a high-level language (like C).
2. It is converted into machine language using:
o A compiler (converts all code at once) OR
o An interpreter (converts one line at a time)
3. The CPU executes the machine instructions to perform the task.

. What is a Programming Language?


 A programming language is a set of instructions used to communicate with a
computer.
 Computers do not understand human languages like English or Tamil, so we use
programming languages to write code.

💬 Examples of Programming Languages:

 C, C++, Java, Python, JavaScript, etc.

🧠 2. Why Learn C Language First?


 C is called the "Mother of All Languages" because many languages like C++, Java,
and Python are influenced by it.
 It teaches you how a program interacts with memory, how variables work, and how
logic is built.

🔧 3. Features of C Language
 Simple and easy to learn
 Fast execution
 Structured programming language
 Used to build system software, operating systems, and compilers

🏗️ 4. Structure of a Simple C Program


c
CopyEdit
#include <stdio.h> // Header file

int main() { // Main function starts here


printf("Welcome to BCA!\n"); // Output
return 0; // End of program
}

🔍 Explanation:

 #include <stdio.h> – Tells the compiler to include standard input/output functions.


 main() – Starting point of every C program.
 printf() – Prints text on the screen.
 return 0; – Ends the program successfully.

✍️ 5. Simple Programs to Practice


✅ Program 1: Print Hello
c
CopyEdit
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello, World!");
return 0;
}

✅ Program 2: Add Two Numbers


c
CopyEdit
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 10, b = 20, sum;
sum = a + b;
printf("Sum is: %d", sum);
return 0;
}

✅ Program 3: Check Even or Odd


c
CopyEdit
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
if(num % 2 == 0)
printf("Even Number");
else
printf("Odd Number");
return 0;
}

✅ Program 4: Use of Loop


c
CopyEdit
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
for(int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
printf("Welcome %d\n", i);
}
return 0;
}

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