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1CSS11 Q3. Week 3

The document provides an overview of IP addressing and subnet masks, explaining the structure and significance of IP addresses in networking. It details the classification of IP addresses into five classes (A, B, C, D, E) based on the first byte value and outlines reserved addresses that cannot be assigned to end devices. Additionally, it includes activities for learners to identify IP address classes and reflects on the necessity of IP addresses in networks.

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3 views6 pages

1CSS11 Q3. Week 3

The document provides an overview of IP addressing and subnet masks, explaining the structure and significance of IP addresses in networking. It details the classification of IP addresses into five classes (A, B, C, D, E) based on the first byte value and outlines reserved addresses that cannot be assigned to end devices. Additionally, it includes activities for learners to identify IP address classes and reflects on the necessity of IP addresses in networks.

Uploaded by

TinaGironEscober
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING 11


Third Quarter, Week 3

Name of Learner: ____________________________________________________________

Grade Level /Section: __________________________ Date:

IP ADDRESSING AND SUBNET MASK


Part 1
BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS
An IP address is a unique identity of an interface in a network. IP addresses are just like postal addresses.
In order to send and receive packages through postal system, every house needs a unique postal address. Just like
it, in order to send and receive IP packets in IP network, every interface needs a unique IP address.
IP Address
An IP address consists 32 bits. These bits are divided in four equal sections. Sections are separated by
periods and written in a sequence.

In measurement, 8 bits are equal to one byte or octet. So we can also say an IP address consists four bytes
or octets separated by periods.
Two popular notations are used for writing an IP address, binary and decimal. In binary notation, all four
octets are written in binary format. For example, few IP addresses in binary format are listed below.

In decimal notation, all four octets are written in decimal format. A decimal equivalent value of the octet
is used in each section. For example, IP addresses from above example are listed below in decimal format.
IP Address Components
As we discussed earlier, an IP address is just like a postal address. Whether it is a postal address or an IP
address, it contains two addresses, group address and individual address. In a particular group, the group address
is common for all members and the individual address is unique for each member.

In postal system, group address and individual addresses are known as area address and house addresses.
While in IP network, these addresses are known as network address and host addresses respectively. Following
figure shows few examples of addresses from both postal system and IP network.

Subnet Mask
In an IP address, how many bits are used in network address and how many bits are left for host address
is determined by a subnet mask. Just like an IP address, subnet mask is also a 32 bits long address and can be
written in both binary and decimal notations.
Examples of subnet mask in binary notation are following: -

Examples of subnet mask in decimal notation are following:

IP address and subnet mask are always used together. Without IP address, subnet mask is just a number
and vice versa. Few examples of writing IP address in correct way are listed below.
Examples of IP address with subnet mask in binary format
Examples of IP address with subnet mask in decimal format:

There are 4,294,967,296 IP addresses. Based on following rules, IP addresses are categorized in five
classes; A, B, C, D and E.

By turning all remaining bits of the first byte on and off, we can make first and last address of that class.

Class of an IP address is determined by the value of first byte or octet.


If value in first byte is in range 0 to 127, it is a Class A address.
If value in first byte is in range 128 to 191, it is a Class B address.
If value in first byte is in range 192 to 223, it is a Class C address.
If value in first byte is in range 224 to 239, it is a Class D address.
If value in first byte is in range 240 to 255, it is a Class E address.
Although we have nearly 4.3 billion IP addresses but not all are available for end devices. From these addresses,
following addresses are reserved and cannot be assigned to end devices.
0.0.0.0 :- This address represents all networks.
127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 : - This IP range is reserved for loopback testing.
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Class D): - This IP class is reserved for multicast.
240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.254 Class E): - This IP class is reserved for future use.
255.255.255.255: - This address represents all hosts.
Besides these reserved address, we also cannot use the first and the last IP address of each network. First
IP address is reserved for the network address and last IP address is reserved for the broadcast address. We can
use only the addresses available between the network address and the broadcast address for end devices.
LEARNING COMPETENCY
1. Set network configuration

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1
Direction: Identify which class belongs to the following IP Addresses. Write your answers on the space provided.
1. 41. 126.008.156.000 = ______
2. 42. 193.042.001.001 = ______
3. 43. 148.017.009.001 = ______
4. 44. 192.014.002.034 = ______
5. 45. 150.010.015.254 = ______
6. 46. 117.089.056.045 = ______
7. 47. 192.200.015.000 = ______
8. 48. 215.045.095.000 = ______
9. 49. 158.098.080.000 = ______
10. 50. 217. 021.056.193 = ______

REFLECTION
1. Why do we need to use IP Address on networks?

REFERENCES
Electronic Resources:
https://www.computernetworkingnotes.com/ccna-study-guide/network-address-basic-concepts-explained-with-
examples.html - Computer Networking Notes

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/routing-information-protocol-rip/13788-3.html
IP Addressing and Subnetting for New Users

Prepared by: GENESIS P. EUGENIO


Name of Writers
Noted by: LABERNE A. LADIGNON, JR
Division ICT Coordinator/ OIC EPS

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