Arduino Robotics Beginner Level

Lesson 1
Introduction of Arduino
Arduino Fundamental I

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 Learning Outcome

1. Understand Arduino and its component

2. Understand Arduino and its applications
3. Able to use Arduino IDE
4. Able to do electrical wiring for connecting LED
and Arduino
5. Able to program the LED with different results
and requirements

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 Introduction

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 What is Arduino?

1. Microcontroller Hardware act

as DIY Robot heart
Arduino boards are equipped with microcontrollers,
which are small integrated circuits that serve as the
brain of your electronic project. These
microcontrollers can be programmed to control
various input and output devices, such as sensors,
motors, LEDs, and displays. Arduino boards
provide a variety of input/output pins and interfaces
for connecting components.

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 What is Arduino?

2. Open-Source Software with

C++ Programming language
Arduino software, often referred to as the Arduino
IDE (Integrated Development Environment), is a
user-friendly programming environment that allows
you to write, compile, and upload code to the
Arduino board. The IDE uses a simplified version of
the C++ programming language, making it
accessible to beginners while still offering enough
power for more advanced users.

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 What is Arduino?

3. Strong Community and

Libraries. A lot of fun projects
One of the strengths of Arduino is its active and
supportive community. Thousands of projects,
tutorials, and code examples are available online,
making it easier to learn and troubleshoot.
Additionally, the Arduino platform includes a wide
range of pre-built software libraries that simplify the
process of interacting with various sensors,
actuators, and other components, saving time and
effort in project development.

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 What Arduino can do?
Biped Robot: A bipedal robot is a two-legged robot
that can walk and perform human-like movements.
Arduino can be used to control the movement of
the robot's legs, process sensor data for balance
and navigation, and implement various walking
gaits. Sensors such as accelerometers,
gyroscopes, and ultrasonic distance sensors can
be used for balance and obstacle avoidance. Servo
motors or stepper motors are commonly used to
actuate the joints of the legs.

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 What Arduino can do?
Drone: Drones, or quadcopters, are flying vehicles
that can be remotely controlled. Arduino can be
used to control the flight dynamics, motor speed,
and stabilization of the drone. Flight control
algorithms can be implemented to keep the drone
stable and responsive to pilot inputs. Gyroscopes,
accelerometers, barometric pressure sensors, and
GPS modules can provide data for accurate flight
control. Additionally, Arduino can be used for
communication with the remote controller or to
implement autonomous flight modes.

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 What Arduino can do?
Spider Robot: A spider robot mimics the
movement of a spider, typically using multiple legs
to navigate. Arduino can control the leg
movements, walk patterns, and turning motions.
Servo motors are commonly used for joint
actuation, and the Arduino can implement complex
algorithms to create realistic spider-like movement.
Sensors like infrared or ultrasonic sensors can be
used for obstacle detection and navigation.

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 What Arduino can do?
Robot Arm: A robot arm is a mechanical structure
with multiple joints and links that can perform
precise movements. Arduino can be used to control
the angles of the robot arm's joints, allowing it to
pick up and manipulate objects. Servo motors or
stepper motors can be used to actuate each joint.
Arduino can also be integrated with sensors, such
as force sensors or encoders, to provide feedback
on the arm's position and interactions with objects.

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 What Arduino can do?
Robot Car: A robot car is a wheeled vehicle that
can be remotely controlled or programmed to
navigate autonomously. Arduino can control the
movement of the car's wheels, implement obstacle
avoidance algorithms using sensors like ultrasonic
or infrared sensors, and enable communication with
a remote controller or a smartphone app. In more
advanced setups, Arduino can be integrated with
cameras and computer vision algorithms for
features like lane following or object detection.

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 Type of Arduino Board

Arduino Uno: One of the most popular and widely

used Arduino boards, suitable for beginners and
experienced users alike. It features the ATmega328P
microcontroller and provides a good balance of
features and capabilities.
Arduino Nano: A compact version of the Arduino
Uno, ideal for projects with limited space. It also uses
the ATmega328 microcontroller.
Arduino Mega: This board is larger than the Uno
and Nano and is designed for projects that require
more I/O pins and memory. It uses the ATmega2560
microcontroller.

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 Arduino Uno

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 Breadboard

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 Jumper Wires

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 LED
Cannot directly connect an LED to a battery or voltage source.
Firstly, because the LED has a positive and a negative lead
and will not light if they are the wrong way around and
secondly, an LED must be used with a resistor to limit the
amount of current flowing through the LED - otherwise the
LED could burn out!

Which is the positive lead of the LED and which the

negative? The positive lead is longer.

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 Resistors

Resistors resist the flow of

electricity and the higher the
value of the resistor, the more it
resists and the less electrical
current will flow through it. We
are going to use this to control
how much electricity flows
through the LED and therefore
how brightly it shines.

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 How do we program Arduino?

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 Arduino IDE
https://www.arduino.cc/en/software

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 Arduino IDE

Verify
(To make sure coding
has compiled correctly)

Upload
(To upload the program
into your Arduino board)

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 Arduino IDE

Choose
Arduino Uno

Choose the COM

that related to CH340
showing in device
manager

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 Upload to test

1. Choose Board
2. Choose correct
COM Port
3. Click Verify
4. Click Upload
5. Check the terminal
output

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 Project Sample

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 Project: Control a LED on and off

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 Project: Control a LED on and off
// command
This is comment to describe your code, will not
be executed

This means that the code between the curly

brackets, { }, that
follow this statement will run once when the
program starts.

This creates a loop. Everything between the

curly brackets,
{ }, after the loop() statement will run once the
Arduino is powered on
and then repeat until it is powered off.

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 Project: Control a LED on and off

Define “led” as integer variable, value is 9

Tells Arduino Pin 9 is an output pin, to send

power to the LED

To set LED to High, to turn it on

Wait 1 second (1000 ms = 1 second)
To set LED to LOW, to turn it off
Wait 1 second

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 CHALLENGE
for : Lesson 1

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 L1 – Challenge 1
Program below action:
1st led on , 2nd led off

Then, led off, 2nd led on

(Repeating)

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 L1 – Challenge 2

Program below:

3 units of LED Red blink together

quickly with 100 ms only

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 L1 – Challenge 3

Program a traffic light with sequence

below:
1. LED Red turns on for 5 sec, other
turn off
2. LED Yellow turns on for 3 sec, other
turn off
3. LED Green turns on for 7 sec, other
turn off

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