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Ee6301: Communication Systems Ii: Laboratory 01

The document is a laboratory report for Communication Systems II, detailing experiments conducted on transmission lines. It includes observations on characteristic impedance, impedance matching, and attenuation measurements, along with calculations and discussions on the results. The report highlights discrepancies between theoretical and practical values due to instrument usage and environmental factors.

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5 views9 pages

Ee6301: Communication Systems Ii: Laboratory 01

The document is a laboratory report for Communication Systems II, detailing experiments conducted on transmission lines. It includes observations on characteristic impedance, impedance matching, and attenuation measurements, along with calculations and discussions on the results. The report highlights discrepancies between theoretical and practical values due to instrument usage and environmental factors.

Uploaded by

rameshnissankadassanayake
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EE6301: COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS II

LABORATORY 01

NAME : DASSANAYAKE D.M.B.G.R.N


REG NO : EG/2020/3874
GROUP NO : EE 03
DATE : 2024/12/18
Table 1 : Summative laboratory form
Semester 06
Module Code EE6301
Module Name Communication systems II
Lab Number 01
Lab Name Transmission Line
Lab conduction date 2024.10.09
Report Submission date 2024.12.18
Contents
1 OBSERVATION 6
2 CALCULATIONS 7
3 DISCUSSION 8
List of Figures
Figure 1 : The graph of voltage vs the distance of measuring point ....................................................9
List of Tables
Table 1 : Summative laboratory form ..................................................................................................1
Table 2 : Recorded voltage values for measuring points .....................................................................6
1 OBSERVATION

PART A : DETERMINE THE CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE 𝑍0

Length = 50 m
Ohmic resistance (R) = 17.8 Ω
Inductance (L) = 22 µH
Capacitance of the coaxial line (C) = 5.33 nF

PART B : IMPEDANCE MATCHING


Input impedance (𝑍𝑖𝑛 ) with one coaxial board = 38.75 Ω

PART C : ATTENUATION MEASURING ALONG A LINE


Input impedance (𝑍𝑖𝑛 ) with two coaxial board = 83 Ω

Table 2 : Recorded voltage values for measuring points

Voltages (V) Measuring point (m) U Voltage values (V)

𝑈1 0 3.76

𝑈2 25 2.96

𝑈3 50 2.44

𝑈4 75 2.02

𝑈5 100 1.54
2 CALCULATIONS

PART A : DETERMINE THE CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE 𝑍0

17.8
Resistance for the 1m length (𝑅 𝐼 ) = Ω𝑚−1
50

= 0.356 Ω𝑚−1

22
Inductance for the 1m length (𝐿𝐼 ) = 50 µ𝐻𝑚−1

= 0.44 µ𝐻𝑚−1
5.33
Capacitance for the 1m length (𝐶 𝐼 ) = 𝑛𝐹𝑚−1
50

= 0.1066 𝑛𝐹𝑚−1

𝐿𝐼
Experimental characteristic impedance (𝑍0 ) = √𝐶 𝐼

0.44×10−6
= √0.1066×10−9 Ω

= 64.246 Ω

60 𝑑
Theoretical characteristic impedance = ∙ ln 𝑑𝑎
√€𝑟 𝑖

60 1.52
= ∙ ln 0.42 Ω
√2.3

= 50.886 Ω
3 DISCUSSION

1)
There is the relative permittivity in the theoretical equation. Here it is given as 2.3. But during the
practical, it may be changed due to the long usage of the instruments.
For the theoretical characteristic impedance, inner and outer diameters are used as 0.42mm and
1.52mm. But in the practical, it can be changed also due to long usage of the instruments.
The measured resistance (R), inductance (L), capacitance (C) values can be changed. Environmental
conditions, human errors such as mistakes when recording and writing the observations are the
reasons for that.
The coaxial cable length is appeared as 50m in the instrument. But it also may be changed due to long
usage of the instrument.

2)
The measured input impedance is 38.75 Ω, while the input impedance of the function generator is
specified as 50 Ω. This results in an impedance mismatch of 11.25 Ω.
When the connected load matches Z0Z_0, the reflection coefficient becomes zero, as described by
the following equation:
𝑍 −𝑍
Γ𝐿 = 𝑍𝐿 + 𝑍𝑜
𝐿 𝑜

In this case, there is no reflection wave, which means the system behaves like an infinite transmission
line. The forward wave continues to propagate without any interruption, and no backward wave is
generated.
1 [𝑉 + ]2
𝑃𝐿 =2 ∙ [1 − |Γ𝐿 |2 ]
𝑍𝑜

When the load matching, the reflection coefficient is zero. So,


1 [𝑉 + ]2
𝑃𝐿 =2 ∙ [1 − 02 ]
𝑍𝑜

1 [𝑉 + ]2
𝑃𝐿 =2 𝑍𝑜
3) a.

Figure 1 : The graph of voltage vs the distance of measuring point

3) b.

According to the lab manual, the graph is expected to be linear. However, based on the practical
observations, the graph is not perfectly linear but is approximately close. This graph is illustrated in
Figure 1. The variations in the measuring point distances may occur due to prolonged usage of the
instruments. Additionally, the voltage values might also be affected by environmental factors and
human errors, such as mistakes in recording and documenting observations.

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