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SQL programming language

The document outlines the creation of an Employees table with sample data and various SQL exercises involving the use of CASE statements. Exercises include categorizing employees by salary bands, department and salary classifications, handling NULL values, and sorting employees based on specific criteria. Each exercise provides a SQL query to demonstrate the application of CASE statements in different contexts.

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1 views8 pages

SQL programming language

The document outlines the creation of an Employees table with sample data and various SQL exercises involving the use of CASE statements. Exercises include categorizing employees by salary bands, department and salary classifications, handling NULL values, and sorting employees based on specific criteria. Each exercise provides a SQL query to demonstrate the application of CASE statements in different contexts.

Uploaded by

srushtinimbalkar550
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CREATE Data Set 2: Employees Table

TABLE Employees (
EmployeeID INT PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(100),
Department VARCHAR(50),
Salary DECIMAL(10, 2),
HireDate DATE
);
Sample Data:
INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID, Name, Department,
Salary, HireDate)
VALUES
(1, 'John Doe', 'HR', 50000.00, '2020-02-15'),
(2, 'Jane Smith', 'Finance', 75000.00, '2019-03-25'),
(3, 'Michael Brown', 'IT', 60000.00, '2021-01-10'),
(4, 'Emily Davis', 'Marketing', 55000.00, '2018-07-18'),
(5, 'David Wilson', 'IT', 80000.00, '2023-04-30'),
(6, 'Sarah Johnson', 'Finance', 95000.00, '2022-06-01');

Exercises:
Exercise 11: Simple CASE Statement for Salary Bands
Q11. Write a query to categorize employees based on their
salary into bands: Low (below 60000), Medium (60000-
79999), and High (80000 and above).
SELECT *,
CASE
WHEN salary < 60000 THEN 'Low'
WHEN salary BETWEEN 60000 AND 79999 THEN
'Medium'
ELSE 'High'
END AS salary_band
FROM
employees;

Exercise 12: Searched CASE Statement for Department and


Salary
Q12. Write a query to categorize employees into Finance and
Non-Finance. Within these categories, further classify them
as High Salary (above 70000) or Average Salary (70000 and
below).
SELECT *,
CASE
WHEN department = 'Finance' AND salary > 70000 THEN
'Finance - High Salary'
WHEN department = 'Finance' AND salary <= 70000
THEN 'Finance - Average Salary'
WHEN department <> 'Finance' AND salary > 70000
THEN 'Non-Finance - High Salary'
ELSE 'Non-Finance - Average Salary'
END AS employee_category
FROM
employees;

Exercise 13: Using CASE in a WHERE Clause


Q13. Write a query to select employees who were hired after
2020 but only include employees from the IT department if
their salary is above 70000.
SELECT *,
FROM
employees
WHERE
hiredate > '2020-01-01'
AND (
CASE
WHEN department = 'IT' THEN
CASE
WHEN salary > 70000 THEN 1
ELSE 0
END
ELSE 1
END = 1
);

Exercise 14: CASE with Aggregate Functions


Q14. Write a query that calculates the count of employees in
each department, categorizing them as Junior (hired after
2020) and Senior (hired before or in 2020).
SELECT department,
COUNT(CASE WHEN hiredate > '2020-01-01' THEN 1 END)
AS Junior_Count, COUNT(CASE WHEN hiredate <= '2020-
01-01' THEN 1 END) AS Senior_Count
FROM employees
GROUP BY department;

Exercise 15: Nested CASE Statements


Q15. Write a query that categorizes employees based on
their department and salary: Top Earners in Finance if salary
is above 80000, Moderate Earners in Finance if between
60000 and 80000, and Others for all other cases.
SELECT *,
CASE
WHEN department = 'Finance' THEN CASE
WHEN salary > 80000 THEN 'Top Earners in Finance'
WHEN salary BETWEEN 60000 AND 80000 THEN 'Moderate
Earners in Finance' ELSE 'Others'
END ELSE 'Others'
END AS salary_categoryFROM employees;

Exercise 16: Handling NULL Values with CASE


Q16. Suppose some employees have no department assigned
(NULL). Write a query to return 'Unassigned' for those
employees and 'Assigned' for others.
SELECT *,
CASE
WHEN department IS NULL THEN 'Unassigned'
ELSE 'Assigned'
END AS department_status
FROM
employees;

Exercise 17: Using CASE in ORDER BY Clause


Q17. Write a query to sort employees by their department
with Finance employees first, followed by IT, and then others.
Within each department, sort by High Salary first.

Exercise 18: Complex CASE Statement with Multiple


Conditions
Q18. Write a query that categorizes employees into Highly
Paid Veterans (hired before 2020 and salary above 70000),
New Talents (hired in 2020 or later), and Others.
SELECT *,
FROM
employees
ORDER BY
CASE
WHEN department = 'Finance' THEN 1
WHEN department = 'IT'

Exercise 19: Using CASE with Date Functions


Q19. Write a query to categorize employees based on their
hire year: Recent Hire (hired in 2023), Established (hired
between 2020 and 2022), and Veteran (hired before 2020).
SELECT *,
CASE
WHEN YEAR(hiredate) = 2023 THEN 'Recent Hire'
WHEN YEAR(hiredate) BETWEEN 2020 AND 2022 THEN
'Established'
ELSE 'Veteran'
END AS hirecategory
FROM
employees;

Exercise 20: Combining CASE with String Functions


Q20. Write a query that appends '(Finance)' to the names of
employees in the Finance department, '(IT)' for those in IT,
and '(Other)' for all others.
SELECT *,
name,
CASE
WHEN department = 'Finance' THEN ' (Finance)'
WHEN department = 'IT' THEN ' (IT)'
ELSE ' (Other)'
END AS labeled_employee_name
FROM
employees;

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