1288 Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp.

1288-1297, July 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/JPE.2016.16.4.1288
JPE 16-4-5 ISSN(Print): 1598-2092 / ISSN(Online): 2093-4718

A Single-Stage LED Tube Lamp Driver with

Input-Current Shaping for Energy-Efficient Indoor
Lighting Applications
Chun-An Cheng*, Chien-Hsuan Chang*, Hung-Liang Cheng*, Tsung-Yuan Chung*,
Ching-Hsien Tseng*, and Kuo-Ching Tseng†
*
Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
†
Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung
City, Taiwan

Abstract
This study proposes a single-stage light-emitting diode (LED) tube lamp driver with input-current shaping for T8/T10-type
fluorescent lamp replacements. The proposed AC–DC LED driver integrates a dual-boost converter with coupled inductors and a
half-bridge series-resonant converter with a bridge rectifier into a single-stage power conversion topology. This paper presents
the operational principles and design considerations for one T8-type 18 W-rated LED tube lamp with line input voltages ranging
from 100 V rms to 120 V rms. Experimental results for the prototype driver show that the highest power factor (PF = 0.988),
lowest input current total harmonic distortion (THD = 7.22%), and highest circuit efficiency (η = 92.42%) are obtained at an
input voltage of 120 V. Hence, the proposed driver is feasible for use in energy-efficient indoor lighting applications.

Key words: Converter, Driver, Light-emitting diode (LED)

property because of the absence of mercury as a component,

I. INTRODUCTION
high luminous efficacy, long lifetime, and significant energy
Fluorescent lamps are cost-effective gas-discharge lamps savings brought about by their low power consumption
for general indoor lighting applications. As a result of the [6]-[17]. Therefore, LEDs are beginning to replace traditional
current issues in environmental protection, carbon reduction lighting sources used in households and other indoor lighting
and energy savings have become a cause for great concern, applications. As an illustrated example, Table I shows a
and the search for energy-efficient alternatives for lighting comparison between a T8-type fluorescent lamp (China
applications has intensified at a global scale. The up-to-date Electric FL40D-EX) and a T8-type LED tube lamp
development of solid-state lighting technology has gained (EVERLIGHT FBW/T8/857/U/4ft) [18], [19]. The two lamps
traction because of the urgent need for efficient energy usage share almost the same color temperature and color-rendering
[1]-[5]. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are compact electronic index, but the LED tube lamp achieves better lighting
devices that allow electricity to flow through them in one efficiency, consumes less power, and offers longer lamp
direction to produce a small amount of light. Tube lamps and lifetime than its T8-type counterpart. Moreover, the LED tube
bulbs for household usage include a large number of LEDs; lamp contains no mercury and does not require high ignition
thus, these fixtures produce bright light. LEDs offer voltage. Therefore, energy-efficient LED tube lamps have
numerous attractive features, such as their non-polluting become increasingly popular alternatives to fluorescent lamps
Manuscript received Nov. 26, 2015; accepted Feb. 21, 2016 for use in household and other indoor lighting applications,
Recommended for publication by Associate Editor Yan Xing. such as in public infrastructure, offices, classrooms, and
†
Corresponding Author: jerry@nkfust.edu.tw parking decks [20]-[25]. Fig. 1 shows a typical two-stage
Tel: +886-7-6011000 ext.2516, National Kaohsiung First University of
Science and Technology driver for a T8-type LED tube lamp. This driver is composed
*
Dept. of Electrical Eng., I-Shou University, Taiwan of an AC–DC converter with power factor corrections (PFC)

© 2016 KIPE
 A Single-Stage LED … 1289

TABLE I enhanced circuit efficiency for use in a T8-type LED tube

COMPARISON BETWEEN T8-TYPE FLUORESCENT AND LED TUBE lamp. Moreover, this study presents the theoretical analysis of
LAMPS the operating modes and the experimental results obtained
Items T8-type T8-type LED Tube from the prototype circuit of the proposed driver used to
Fluorescent Lamp Lamp
supply an 18 W-rated T8-type LED tube lamp. The paper is
(China Electric (EVERLIGHT
FL20D-EX/18) FBW/T8/857/U/4ft) organized as follows. Section II describes and analyzes the
Consumed 20 W 18 W proposed LED tube lamp driver. Section III presents the
Power design considerations of the proposed LED tube lamp driver.
Lumen 1,440 lm 1,800 lm Section IV describes the experimental results obtained from a
Output
prototype LED driver for an 18 W-rated T8-type LED tube
Lamp 0.35 A 0.3 A
Current lamp with input utility line voltages ranging from 100 V to
Lighting > 88 lm/W > 100 lm/W 120 V. Finally, Section V provides relevant conclusions.
Efficiency
Color 6,700 K 5,700 K
Temperature II. DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE
Color > 80 > 80 PROPOSED LED TUBE LAMP DRIVER
Rendering
Index Ra Fig. 2 shows the proposed LED tube lamp driver, which
Lamp Life > 7,500 h > 35,000 h combines a dual-boost converter with coupled inductors.
Lamp Base G13 G13 Specifically, one boost converter contains a diode Db1, a
Mercury Yes No coupled inductor LPFC1, a switch S1, the body diode of switch
Content
Requirement Yes (> 400 V) No S2, and a DC-linked capacitor CDC; the other boost converter
for High includes a diode Db2, a coupled inductor LPFC2, a switch S2,
Ignition the body diode of switch S1, and a capacitor CDC. The figure
Voltage also shows a half-bridge series-resonant converter with a
bridge rectifier; it includes a DC-linked capacitor CDC, two
switches S1 and S2, a resonant inductor Lr, a resonant
capacitor Cr, a full-bridge rectifier D1–D4, and an output
capacitor Co. These components are combined into a
single-stage topology for a T8-type LED tube lamp. In
addition, an LC filter (inductor Lf and capacitor Cf) is
connected to the input utility line voltage [26].
To analyze the operations of the proposed driver for an
LED lamp, the following assumptions are made.
(a) The switching frequencies of switches S1 and S2 are
Fig. 1. Typical two-stage driver for a T8-type LED tube lamp. significantly higher than that of the utility line voltage
vAC. Hence, the sinusoidal utility line voltage can be
as the first stage (such as a boost converter) and a DC–DC considered as a constant value for each high-frequency
converter (such as a buck converter) as the second stage for switching period.
regulating the voltage/current of the LED lamp. The (b) Power switches are complementarily operated, and their
converter in each stage requires a separate control scheme, inherent diodes are considered.
and the circuit efficiency is restricted because of the (c) The analysis is simplified with the exclusion of the LC
two-stage power conversion. A number of single-stage filter in the analysis of the operation modes of the driver
AC–DC drivers for T8-type LED tube lamps, which are used circuit.
as alternatives to T8/T10 fluorescent lamps, have been (d) The conducting voltage drops of diodes Db1, Db2, D1, D2,
introduced, with flyback converters, buck converters, and D3, and D4 are neglected.
buck-boost converters serving as the main circuit topology of (e) Two coupled inductors (LPFC1 and LPFC2) are designed to
the drivers in [23], [24], and [25] and all featuring PFC. be operated in discontinuous conduction mode to
These single-stage versions offer cost-effectiveness and low naturally achieve PFC.
component counts in comparison with their two-stage The operating modes and theoretical waveforms of the
counterparts; however, their power switches do not include a proposed LED tube lamp driver operated during the positive
soft-switching function, hence their limited efficiencies. half cycle of the input utility line voltage are shown in Figs. 3
In response to these concerns, the present study proposes a and 4, respectively. The operations are analyzed in detail in
single-stage AC–DC driver with input-current shaping and the following sections.
1290 Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 16, No. 4, July 2016

LPFC1

S1
Db1

CDC
Lr Cr
vAC
D1 D3
S2 Co
Db2
D2 D4
T8-Type
LED
LPFC2 Tube
Lamp

(a)

Fig. 2. Proposed single-stage driver for a LED tube lamp.

Mode 1 (t0 ≤ t < t1; in Fig. 3(a)): This mode begins when
the voltage vDS1 of S1 decreases to zero. Thereafter, the body
diode of switch S1 is forward-biased at time t0. The resonant
capacitor Cr provides energy to the resonant inductor Lr,
capacitors CDC and Co, and LED tube lamp through the body
(b)
diodes D2 and D3 of S1. This mode ends when S1 shifts to the
on state with zero-voltage switching (ZVS) at time t1.
Mode 2 (t1 ≤ t < t2; in Fig. 3(b)): This mode begins when S1
achieves ZVS turn-on at t1. The input voltage vAC provides
energy to the coupled inductor LPFC1 through the diode Db1
and switch S1. The inductor current iLPFC1 linearly increases
from zero and can be expressed as
2v AC rms sin(2f AC t ) (c)
iLPFC1 (t )  t  t1  , (1)
LPFC1
where vAC-rms is the root-mean-square (rms) value of the input
utility line voltage and fAC is the utility line frequency.
The resonant capacitor Cr still provides energy to the
resonant inductor Lr, capacitors CDC and Co, and LED tube
lamp through the switch S1 and diodes D2 and D3. This mode
finishes when the current iLr decreases to zero at t2. (d)
Mode 3 (t2 ≤ t < t3; in Fig. 3(c)): The voltage vAC still
provides energy to the coupled inductor LPFC1 through the
diode Db1 and switch S1. The DC bus capacitor CDC supplies
energy to the inductor Lr, capacitors Cr and Co, and LED tube
lamp through the switch S1 and diodes D1 and D4. At t3, the
switch S1 shifts to the off state, and the inductor current
reaches its peak value; this condition is defined as iLPFC1-pk(t),
(e)
which is given by
2v AC rms sin(2f AC t )
iLPFC1 pk (t )  DTS , (2)
LPFC1
where D and TS are the duty cycle and switching period of the
power switch, respectively.
Mode 4 (t3 ≤ t < t4; in Fig. 3(d)): This mode starts when the
power switch S1 is in the off state at t3. The utility line voltage (f)
vAC and coupled inductor LPFC1 supply energy to the
drain-source capacitor of S1 through the diode Db1. The
inductor current iLPFC1 linearly decreases from the peak level
and can be given by
2v AC rms sin(2f AC t )  VDC
iLPFC1 (t )  t  t3  , (3)
LPFC1
where VDC is the voltage of the DC-bus capacitor CDC. (g)
 A Single-Stage LED … 1291

(h)
Fig. 3. Operation modes of the proposed driver during the
positive half cycle of input voltage vAC. Fig. 5. Control circuit for the proposed LED tube lamp driver.

vGS1 vAC and coupled inductor LPFC1 provide energy to CDC through
the diode Db1 and body diode of switch S2. The inductor Lr
t provides energy to the capacitors Cr and Co and LED tube
vGS2
lamp through the diodes D1 and D4. At t5, the inductor current
iLr decreases to zero, and the mode ends.
Mode 6 (t5 ≤ t < t6; in Fig. 3(f)): This mode begins when
t
the switch S2 achieves ZVS turn-on at t5. The resonant
vDS1
inductor Lr provides energy to the capacitors Cr and Co and
LED tube lamp through S2 and the diodes D1 and D4. At t6,
t
the inductor current iLr decreases to zero, and the mode ends.
iDS1 Mode 7 (t6 ≤ t < t7; in Fig. 3(g)): During this mode, the
t capacitor Cr provides energy to the inductor Lr, capacitor Co,
and LED tube lamp through S2 and the diodes D2 and D3. The
vDS2 mode ends when the switch S2 shifts to the off state at t7.
Mode 8 (t7 ≤ t <t8; in Fig. 3(h)): During this mode, the
t resonant capacitor Cr and drain-source capacitor of switch S1
provide energy to the DC-linked capacitor CDC, drain-source
iDS2
t
capacitor of S2, capacitor Co, and LED tube lamp through the
diodes D2 and D3. This mode ends when the drain-source
vLPFC1
voltage vDS1 of S1 decreases to zero at t8. Then, Mode 1 begins
for the next high-frequency switching period.
t Fig. 5 shows the circuit diagram for controlling the
single-stage LED tube lamp driver. Utilizing a constant
voltage/current controller (IC1 SEA05) to regulate the output
iLPFC1 voltage and current of the LED lamp, we determine the
output lamp voltage Vo through the resistors Rvs1, VR1, and
t Rvs2, as well as the output lamp current through the resistor R1.
The sensed output signal from pin 5 of the IC1 is fed into the
iLr
high-voltage resonant controller (IC3 ST L6599) through a
t photo-coupler (IC2 PC817). Two gate-driving signals vGS1
and vGS2 are generated from pins 15 and 11 of the IC3,
respectively, to regulate the output voltage and current of the
Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8
LED tube lamp.
Fig. 4. Theoretical waveforms during the positive half cycle of
input voltage vAC.
III. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR KEY
COMPONENTS OF THE PROPOSED LED DRIVER
The drain-source capacitor of S2 provides energy to the
inductor Lr, capacitors Cr and Co, and LED tube lamp through A. Design of Coupled Inductors LPFC1 and LPFC2
the diodes D1 and D4. This mode ends when the drain-source The design equation for the coupled inductor LPFC1 (LPFC2) is
voltage vDS2 of S2 decreases to zero at t4. expressed as [26]
Mode 5 (t4 ≤ t < t5; in Fig. 3(e)): This mode starts when the
 v AC  rms 2 D 2
voltage vDS2 of S2 decreases to zero and the body diode of LPFC1   LPFC 2 , (4)
switch S2 is forward-biased at time t4. The utility line voltage 2 Plamp f S
1292 Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 16, No. 4, July 2016

Fig. 7. Equivalent circuit for designing the series resonant tank.

(b) The input resistor Ri of the bridge rectifier is expressed as

8Ro 8  200
Fig. 6. Coupled inductors LPFC1 and LPFC2 versus duty cycle D Ri    170.6 . (7)
under different switching frequencies fS.  R
2
 2  0.95
(c) The voltage gain MVR of the bridge rectifier is expressed
as
where η is the estimated circuit efficiency, Plamp is the rated
power of the LED lamp, and fS is the switching frequency.  R   0.95
M VR    1.1 . (8)
Fig. 6 shows the coupled inductors LPFC1 and LPFC2 versus 2 2 2 2
the duty cycle D under different switching frequencies. With (d) The total voltage gain MV of the half-bridge series
η of 0.9, vAC-rms of 110 V and Plamp of 18 W, fS of 50 kHz, and resonant converter with a bridge rectifier is expressed as
D of 0.5, the coupled inductors LPFC1 and LPFC2 are designed Vo Vo 60
to be 1.5 mH. MV     0.17 . (9)
VDC 2 2  v AC  max 2 2 120
B. Design of Series Resonant Tank (Lr and Cr)
(e) The voltage gain MVr of the series resonant component is
Fig. 7 depicts the equivalent circuit for designing the series expressed as
resonant tank; Ro is the equivalent resistance of the T8-type MV
LED tube lamp and can be written as Ro = Vo/Io. As shown in M Vr  , (10)
M VS M VR
Fig. 7, the series resonant tank is composed of a resonant
inductor Lr in a series connection with a resonant capacitor Cr. where MVS is the voltage gain of the half-bridge converter.
The resonant frequency fo can be expressed as With MVS of 0.45 (=√2/π), the voltage gain MVr is given as

1 0.17
fo  . (5) M Vr   0.3 .
0.45 1.1
2 Lr Cr
(f) The loaded quality factor QL is expressed as [27]
The design considerations for the series resonant tank Lr
I 2
and Cr are shown in the following. 1
(a) The estimated efficiency ηR of the bridge rectifier M Vr 2
component is expressed as [27]
QL  , (11)
f s fo
1 
R  , (6) fo f s
2VF  RF rC  2
2
1   (  1) where ηI is the estimated efficiency of the half-bridge series
Vo 4 Ro Ro 8 resonant converter with a bridge rectifier.
where VF and RF are the forward voltage drop and equivalent To obtain the ZVS for the two active switches, the
resistor of the diodes, respectively, and rC is the equivalent switching frequency fS is designed to be larger than the
resistor of capacitor Co. resonant frequency fo so that the resonant tank resembles an
With rC of 50 mΩ, Ro of 200 Ω, VF of 1.5 V, and RF of 0.15 Ω inductive network [27].
(according to the datasheet of the utilized diode), the Therefore, the relationship between switching frequency fS
estimated efficiency ηR is given by and resonant frequency f0 is assumed as
1 f s  4 fo .
R   0.95 . (12)
2 1.5   0.15 0.05  2
2
1   (  1) With ηI of 0.99 and fs of 50 kHz, the quality factor QL is
60 4  200 200 8 given as
 A Single-Stage LED … 1293

TABLE II
0.992 KEY COMPONENTS USED IN THE PROPOSED LED TUBE LAMP
1
QL  0.32  0.84 .
DRIVER
1 Component Value
4 Filter Inductor (Lf) 3.3 mH
4 Filter Capacitor (Cf) 0.47 μF/250 V
(g) The input resistor R of the half-bridge series resonant Power Switches (S1, S2) IRF840
converter with a bridge rectifier is expressed as Coupled Inductors (LPFC1,
1.5 mH
Ri 170.6 LPFC2)
R   172.3 . (13)
I 0.99 DC-linked Capacitor
220 μF/450 V
(CDC)
(h) The resonant capacitor Cr is expressed as and computed
Resonant Inductor (Lr) 2 mH
with
Resonant Capacitor (Cr) 82 nF
1 1
Cr    87.9  F Diodes (Db1, Db2) MUR460
2 f oQL R 2  50k  0.84 172.3 Diodes (D1, D2, D3, D4) C3D10060
4 .(14)
Output Capacitor (Co) 470 μF/63 V ×2
In addition, Cr is set to 82 nF.
(i) The resonant inductor Lr is expressed as and computed
with
1 1
Lr    1.98mH .(15)
(2 f o ) Cr
 
2 2
2  50k  82n
4
In addition, Lr is set to 2 mH.

IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR A PROTOTYPE

DRIVER
A prototype driver was built and tested for an 18 W-rated Fig. 8. Measured inductor currents iLPFC1 (1 A/div) and iLPFC2 (1
T8-type LED tube lamp (EVERLIGHT FBW/T8/857/U/4ft), A/div); time scale: 5 ms/div.
the rated voltage and current of which are 60 V and 0.3 A,
respectively. The components utilized in the LED tube lamp
driver are shown in Table II.
Fig. 8 shows the measured inductor currents iLPFC1 and
iLPFC2. The measured switch voltage vDS2 and inductor current
iLr are depicted in Fig. 9. The series resonant tank resembles
an inductive load. Figs. 10 and 11 present the measured
voltages (vDS1 and vDS2) and currents (iDS1 and iDS2) of the two
power switches S1 and S2, respectively. ZVS is obviously
achieved for these power switches, consequently boosting the
circuit efficiency.
Fig. 12 shows the measured output voltage and current Fig. 9. Measured voltage vDS2 (200 V/div) and inductor current
iLr (0.5 A/div); time scale: 5 μs/div.
waveforms; the average values of Vo and Io are 60 V and 0.3
A, respectively. Table III presents the measured output
voltage and current of the proposed LED tube lamp driver
under different input voltages. In addition, the output voltage
(current) ripple is obtained with the peak-to-peak (pk-pk)
level divided by the average value of the output voltage
(current). According to this table, the highest and lowest
measured output voltage ripples are 7.29% and 5.93%,
respectively; these ripples occurred at utility line rms voltages
of 100 and 120 V, respectively. Moreover, the highest and
lowest measured output current ripples are 9.5% and 8.48%,
respectively; these ripples occurred at utility line rms voltages Fig. 10. Measured voltage vDS1 (200 V/div) and current iDS1 (0.5
of 120 and 105 V, respectively. The measured input utility A/div); time scale: 5 μs/div.
1294 Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 16, No. 4, July 2016

Fig. 11. Measured voltage vDS2 (200 V/div) and current iDS2 (0.5 Fig. 13. Measured input utility line voltage vAC (50 V/div) and
A/div); time scale: 5 μs/div. current iAC (0.5 A/div); time scale: 5 ms/div.

Fig. 12. Measured output voltage Vo (20 V/div) and current Io

(0.5 A/div); time scale: 2 ms/div.

TABLE III Fig. 14. Measured input current harmonics compared with the
MEASURED OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND CURRENT OF THE PRESENTED IEC 61000-3-2 Class C standards.
LED TUBE LAMP DRIVER UNDER DIFFERENT INPUT VOLTAGES
Input Voltage 100 105 110 115 120
Parameters V V V V V

Output Voltage 60.22 60.19 60.07 60.17 60.23

(mean) V V V V V

Output Voltage 4.39 4.1 4.14 3.98 3.57

(pk-pk) V V V V V

Output Voltage 7.29 6.81 6.89 6.61 5.93

Ripple Ratio % % % % %

Output Current 303.8 304.1 300.1 303.8 303.7

Fig. 15. Measured PF and current THD of the proposed LED
(mean) mA mA mA mA mA
driver under different input utility line voltages.
Output Current 26.04 25.8 27.06 28.12 28.85
(pk-pk) mA mA mA mA mA harmonics meet the requirements. Fig. 15 shows the
measured power factor (PF) and current total harmonic
Output Current 8.57 8.48 9.02 9.26 9.5 distortion (THD) at input utility line voltages ranging from
Ripple Ratio % % % % % 100 V to 120 V. At a utility line rms voltage of 110 V, the
measured PF and current THD are 0.976 and 7.39%,
respectively. Fig. 16 shows the measured efficiency of the
line voltage and current are shown in Fig. 13. Fig. 14 presents proposed LED tube lamp driver under input utility line
the measured current harmonics compared with the IEC voltages from 100 V to 120 V. The highest and lowest
61000-3-2 Class C standards under input utility line voltages measured efficiency levels are 92.42% and 90.98% at utility
ranging from 100 V to 120 V. All the measured current line rms voltages of 120 and 100 V, respectively.
 A Single-Stage LED … 1295

Efficiency
(%) Db1 C DC
Lf
92.5 L PF C1&L PFC2 S1 Lr
Cf
92
Db2 S2 Cr
91.5
D2 D1
91 D4 D3

90.5 Co

90
100 V 105 V 110 V 115 V 120 V
Input Utility-Line Voltage The utilized control circuit
Fig. 16. Measured efficiency under different input utility line Fig. 17. Designed prototype of the proposed LED tube lamp
voltages. driver.

TABLE IV
COMPARISON OF EXISTING SINGLE-STAGE T8-TYPE LED TUBE LAMP DRIVERS AND THE PROPOSED DRIVER
Existing Driver #1 Existing Driver #2 Existing Driver #3
Item Proposed Driver
[23] [24] [25]
Integration of a
dual-boost converter
Circuit Topology Flyback Converter Buck Converter Buck-boost Converter
with a half-bridge series
converter
Input Utility Line
90–264 V AC 90–264 V AC 85–135 V AC 10–120 V AC
Voltages
19 W 18.3 W (39 V/0.47 20 W 18 W
Output Rated Power
(42 V/0.45 A) A) (85 V/0.235 A) (60 V/0.3 A)
Measured
0.99 0.96 0.996 0.988
Maximum Power
@ 110 V @ 110 V @ 115 V @ 120 V
Factor
Measured Minimum 9% 21.54% 4.1% 7.22%
Current THD @ 180 V @ 110 V @ 115 V @ 120 V
Measured
87.8% 88.56% 87.6% 92.42%
Maximum
@ 180 V @ 180 V @ 135 V @ 120 V
Efficiency

efficiency) of the proposed driver and various LED tube lamp

drivers. The first driver [23] features a flyback converter
circuit topology, the second driver [24] features a buck
converter circuit topology, and the third driver [25] features a
buck-boost converter circuit topology. Two of the AC–DC
LED drivers ([23] and [24]) operate with universal input
voltages, whereas the other driver [25] and the proposed
version operate with American utility line voltages. Table IV
shows that the proposed single-stage LED tube lamp driver
achieves ZVS on the power switches to enhance circuit
efficiency in contrast to the three single-stage drivers.
Fig. 17 shows a picture of the designed prototype of the
proposed LED tube lamp driver. Fig. 18 presents the loss
Fig. 18. Loss breakdown chart of the proposed LED tube lamp breakdown chart of the proposed LED tube lamp driver. The
driver. percentages of the conduction losses of the power switches
(S1, S2), power diodes (Db1, Db2), and power diodes (D1, D2,
Table IV shows a comparison of the performance (including D3, D4), as well as the other losses are 14.41%, 15.29%,
maximum PF, minimum current THD, and maximum 60.9%, and 9.4%, respectively. The dominant losses in the
1296 Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 16, No. 4, July 2016

proposed driver with a soft-switching feature comprise the [12] C. Y. Wu, T. F. Wu, J. R. Tsai, Y. M. Chen, and C. C. Chen,
conduction losses of the power devices (including the power “Multistring LED backlight driving system for LCD panels
with color sequential display and area control,” IEEE Trans.
switches and power diodes), the percentages of which reach
Ind. Electron., Vol. 55, No. 10, pp. 3791-3800, Oct. 2008.
90.6% of the total losses. [13] Y. L. Lin, H. J. Chiu, Y. K. Lo, and C. M. Leng, “LED
backlight dirver circuit with dual-mode dimming control
and current-balancing design,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.,
Vol. 61, No. 9, pp. 4632-4639, Sep. 2014.
V. CONCLUSIONS
[14] Y. Qin, D. Lin, and S. Y. Hui, “A simple method for
This study proposed a single-stage LED tube lamp driver comparative study on the thermal performance of LEDs and
with PFC. This driver integrates a dual-boost converter with Fluorescent lamps,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 24,
No. 7, pp. 1811-1818, Jul. 2009.
coupled inductors and a half-bridge series resonant converter
[15] E. S. Lee, Y. H. Sohn, D. T. Nguyen, J. P. Cheon, and C. T.
with a bridge rectifier for energy-efficient indoor lighting Rim, “LED driver with TRIAC dimming control by variable
applications. A prototype circuit was successfully built for an switched capacitance for power regulation,” Journal of
18 W-rated T8-type LED tube lamp with utility line voltages Power Electronics, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 555-566, Mar. 2015.
ranging from 100 V to 120 V. The experimental results [16] H. L. Cheng and C. W. Lin, “Design and implementation of
a high-power-factor LED driver with zero-voltage
revealed high PF (>0.97), low THD (<8%), and high switching-on characteristics,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,
efficiency (>90%), which verify the functionality of the Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 4949-4958, Sep. 2014.
proposed LED driver. [17] S. S. Hwang, W. S. Hwang, B. J. Jang, and S. K. Han,
“Cost-effective single switch multi-channel LED driver,” in
16th International Power Electronics and Motion Control
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 A Single-Stage LED … 1297

Chun-An Cheng was born in Kaohsiung, Ching-Shien Tseng was born in Tainan,
Taiwan, in 1974. He received his B.S. degree Taiwan, in 1990. He received his M.S.
in Electrical Engineering from the National degree in Electrical Engineering from I-Shou
Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, in 2015.
Taiwan, in 1998, and his Ph.D. degree in Since October 2015, he has been with the
Electrical Engineering from the National National Chung-Shan Institute of Science
Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, in &Technology, Taiwan, where he is currently
2006. Since August 2006, he has been with an Associate Engineer. His research interests
the Faculty of the Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou include power converters and electronic ballasts for lighting
University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, where he is currently an applications.
Associate Professor. In May 2011, he received the Excellent
Electrical Engineer award from the Chinese Institute of Electrical Kuo-Ching Tseng was born in Tainan,
Engineering (CIEE), Kaohsiung, Taiwan. His main research Taiwan, R.O.C., in 1957. He received his
interests include power electronics, converters, inverters, and M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from
electronic ballasts/drivers for lighting applications. In addition, Da-Yeh Polytechnic Institute, Chang Hua,
he holds three U.S. patents and eight Taiwan patents. Taiwan, in 1999. From July 1988 to 1996, he
was an R&D Engineer with Lumen Co., Ltd.,
Chien-Hsuan Chang was born in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C., where he worked on
Taiwan, in 1974. He received his B.S. degree uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) and
in Electrical Engineering from the National switching power supply design. He received his Ph.D. degree in
Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Electrical Engineering from National Cheng Kung University,
in 1996, and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Tainan, Taiwan, in 2004. In February 2003, he joined the
Electrical Engineering from the National Department of Electrical Engineering, Da-Yeh Institute of
Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, in Technology. Since 2008, he has been with the Department of
1998 and 2002, respectively. From 2002 to Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of
2007, he was a Chief Engineer and Team Leader with the Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, where he is
Department of Telecom Power Module, Acbel Polytech Inc., currently an Associate Professor. He received the Electric Power
Tamsui, Taipei, Taiwan, where he designed and developed Applications Premium for his paper entitled “Novel
high-power density and high-efficiency power modules for High-Efficiency Step-Up Converter” from the Institution of
telecom applications. Since February 2007, he has been with the Electrical Engineers (IEE) in 2004/2005. His current research
Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, interests include DC/DC converters and power factor correction
Kaohsiung, Taiwan, where he is currently an Associate Professor. techniques, power management control system design, solar
His current research interests include power electronic converters energy conversion system design, switching power converter
and their applications in photovoltaic power systems and LED design, renewable energy conversion system design, and
drivers. hydrogen energy and fuel cell power conversion systems. In
addition, he holds seven Taiwan patents.
Hung-Liang Cheng was born in Chunghwa,
Taiwan, in 1964. He received his B.S., M.S.,
and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering
from the National Sun Yat-Sen University,
Kaohsiung, Taiwan, in 1986, 1988, and 2001,
respectively. From 1988 to 2007, he was an
Electronic Researcher with the Chung-Shan
Institute of Science and Technology,
Taoyuan County, Taiwan, where he designed and developed
high-power transmitters in radar and missile systems. Since
February 2007, he has been with the Department of Electrical
Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, where he is
currently a Professor. His current research interests include
power electronic converters and electronic ballasts/drivers for
lighting applications.

Tsung-Yuan Chung was born in Pingtung,

Taiwan, in 1989. He received his M.S.
degree in Electrical Engineering from I-Shou
University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, in 2014.
Since November 2014, he has been with the
Ablerex Electronics Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung,
Taiwan, where he is currently a Hardware
Engineer. His research interests include
power electronic converters and LED drivers.