Unit 2

Virtualization in
Cloud Computing
Virtualization in Cloud Computing
Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual)
version of something, such as a server, a desktop, a storage device,
an operating system or network resources".
In other words, Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share
a single physical instance of a resource or an application among
multiple customers and organizations. It does by assigning a logical
name to a physical storage and providing a pointer to that physical
resource when demanded.

Virtualization in Cloud
Computing
Basic Terminologies for Virtualization
Virtual machine: A virtual machine can be defined as the
computer of a virtual type that operates beneath a
hypervisor.

Hypervisor: This can be defined as the operating system

that runs on actual hardware. A virtual counterpart of the
operating system is a subpart that executes or emulates the
virtual process. They are defined as Domain 0 or Dom0.
• Virtualization Example
Suppose there is a company that requires servers for
four different purposes:
1. Store customer data securely
2. Host an online shopping website
3. Process employee payroll systems
4. Run Social media campaign software for marketing
All these tasks require different things:
The customer data server requires a lot of space and a
Windows operating system.
The online shopping website requires a high-traffic server
and needs a Linux operating system.
The payroll system requires greater internal memory
(RAM) and must use a certain version of the operating
system.
• Virtualization Example
The marketing software demands specialized software tools and
needs plenty of processing power.
In order to fulfill these requirements, the company initially
configures four individual physical servers, each for a different
purpose.
This implies that the company needs to purchase four servers, keep
them running, and upgrade them individually, which is very
expensive.
The company also cannot utilize the full capacity of each server, so
it's paying for more than it requires, wasting some of the servers'
capabilities.
Now, by utilizing virtualization, the company can run these four
applications on a few physical servers through multiple virtual
machines (VMs).
Each VM will behave as an independent server, possessing its own
operating system and resources.
Through this means, the company can cut down on expenses,
conserve resources, and manage everything from a single location
with ease.
Hypervisors
A hypervisor is the software that gets virtualization to work. It serves
as an intermediary between the physical computer and the virtual
machines. The hypervisor controls the virtual machines' use of the
physical resources (such as the CPU and memory) of the host
computer.
For instance, if one virtual machine wants additional computing
capability, it requests it from the hypervisor. The hypervisor ensures
the request is forwarded to the physical hardware, and it's
accomplished.
There exist two categories of hypervisors:
Type 1 Hypervisor (Bare-Metal Hypervisor):
The hypervisor is installed directly onto the computer hardware,
without an operating system sitting in between.
 It is highly efficient as it has a direct access to the resources of the
computer. Type 2 Hypervisor:
It is run over an installed operating system (such as Windows or
macOS). It's employed when you need to execute more than one
operating system on one machine.

Basic Terminologies for Virtualization

Container: These can be defined as virtual machines of lightweight nature
that are a subset of the same operating system instance or the hypervisor. They
are a collection of processes that executes along with corresponding
namespace or identifiers of process.

Virtual network: This is defined as the network being separated logically and
is present inside the servers. Such networks can be expanded across multiple
servers.

Virtualization software: This type of software helps deploy Virtualization on

the computer device.

Virtualization in Cloud Computing

What is the concept behind the Virtualization?
Creation of a virtual machine over existing operating system and
hardware is known as Hardware Virtualization. A Virtual machine
provides an environment that is logically separated from the
underlying hardware.
The machine on which the virtual machine is going to create is
known as Host Machine and that virtual machine is referred as a
Guest Machine

Benefit of Virtualization in Cloud Computing

1. More flexible and efficient allocation of

resources. 2. Enhance development productivity.
3. It lowers the cost of IT infrastructure.
4. Remote access and rapid scalability.
5. High availability and disaster recovery.
6. Pay peruse of the IT infrastructure on
demand. 7. Enables running multiple operating
systems

Drawback of Virtualization in Cloud Computing

1. The transition of the existing hardware setup to a virtualized

setup requires an extensive time investment, and hence this can
be regarded as a time-intensive process.
2. There is a lack of availability of skilled resources that helps in
terms of transition of existing or actual setup to virtual setup. 3.
Since there is a limitation in terms of having less skilled
 resources, the implementation of Virtualization calls for high
cost implementations.
4. If the transition process is not handled meticulously, it also poses
a security risk to sensitive data.

Types of Virtualization
1. Hardware Virtualization.
2. Operating system Virtualization.
3. Server Virtualization.
4. Storage Virtualization.

1) Hardware Virtualization:
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is
directly installed on the hardware system is known as hardware virtualization.
The main job of hypervisor is to control and monitoring the processor,
memory and other hardware resources.
After virtualization of hardware system we can install different operating
system on it and run different applications on those OS.

Usage:
Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the server platforms, because
controlling virtual machines is much easier than controlling a physical server

Types of Virtualization
2) Operating System Virtualization:
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager
(VMM) is installed on the Host operating system instead of
directly on the hardware system is known as operating system
virtualization.
Usage:
 Operating System Virtualization is mainly used for testing the
applications on different platforms of OS.

Types of Virtualization
3) Server Virtualization:
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is
directly installed on the Server system is known as server virtualization.
Usage:

Server virtualization is done because a single physical server can be divided

into multiple servers on the demand basis and for balancing the load.

Types of Virtualization
4) Storage Virtualization:
Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the physical storage from
multiple network storage devices so that it looks like a single storage device.

Storage virtualization is also implemented by using software applications.

Usage:
Storage virtualization is mainly done for back-up and recovery purposes.
How does virtualization work in cloud computing?

Virtualization plays a very important role in the cloud computing technology,

normally in the cloud computing, users share the data present in the clouds
like application etc, but actually with the help of virtualization users shares the
Infrastructure.
The main usage of Virtualization Technology is to provide the applications
with the standard versions to their cloud users, suppose if the next version of
that application is released, then cloud provider has to provide the latest
version to their cloud users and practically it is possible because it is more
expensive.
To overcome this problem we use basically virtualization technology, By using
virtualization, all severs and the software application which are required by
other cloud providers are maintained by the third party people, and the cloud
providers has to pay the money on monthly or annual basis.

Virtualization Architecture and

Software
Virtualization Architecture and
Software
A virtualization architecture is a conceptual model
specifying the arrangement and interrelationships of the
particular components involved in delivering a virtual --
rather than physical -- version of something, such as an
operating system (OS), a server, a storage device or
network resources.

Virtualization Architecture and

Software
Virtualization Architecture and
Software
Virtualization is commonly hypervisor-based. The hypervisor
isolates operating systems and applications from the
underlying computer hardware so the host machine can run
multiple virtual machines (VM) as guests that share the
system's physical compute resources, such as processor
cycles, memory space, network bandwidth and so on.
Type 1 hypervisors, sometimes called bare-metal
hypervisors, run directly on top of the host system hardware.
Bare-metal hypervisors offer high availability and resource
management. Their direct access to system hardware enables
better performance, scalability and stability. Examples of type
1 hypervisors include Microsoft Hyper-V, Citrix XenServer
and VMware ESXi.

Virtualization Architecture and

Software
A type 2 hypervisor, also known as a hosted hypervisor, is
installed on top of the host operating system, rather than
sitting directly on top of the hardware as the type 1 hypervisor
does. Each guest OS or VM runs above the hypervisor. The
convenience of a known host OS can ease system
configuration and management tasks. However, the addition
of a host OS layer can potentially limit performance and
expose possible OS security flaws. Examples of type 2
hypervisors include VMware Workstation, Virtual PC and
Oracle VM VirtualBox.

Virtualization Architecture and

Software
Virtualization Architecture and
Software
The main alternative to hypervisor-based virtualization is
containerization. Operating system virtualization, for
example, is a container-based kernel virtualization method.
OS virtualization is similar to partitioning. In this
architecture, an operating system is adapted so it functions as
multiple, discrete systems, making it possible to deploy and
run distributed applications without launching an entire VM
for each one. Instead, multiple isolated systems, called
containers, are run on a single control host and all access a
 single kernel.

Software Virtualization
Software Virtualization is a technique that allows one computer server
to work with more than one virtual system.
The primary function of software Virtualization is to develop virtual
Software and make the work easier. It produces a simple virtual machine
on which the system can work as regularly.
Software Virtualization: It is precisely the same as the virtualization
bit. It is capable of abstracting the software installation procedure and
building virtual software installations.
Virtualized Software: Basically, it is a program installed inside its self
contained unit.

Software Virtualization
The concept behind Software Virtualization
Software Virtualization will build a virtual environment and allows the
user to use more than one Operating System.

Suppose the user wants to use Windows and Linux at the same time.
Virtualization can help build a virtual environment, and it will enable the
use of more than one Operating System.
 Types of Software Virtualization
1. OS Virtualization
In OS Virtualization, more than the Operating system wants to work
individually to complete the task without affecting others. Thus, a particular
Operating system can perform its specified job.

2. Application Virtualization
Application Virtualization is the second Virtualization method where users can
remotely access their applications on the central server. It helps to run multiple
applications at the same time by building a virtual environment.

3. Service Virtualization
Service Virtualization is a technique to simulate the Behaviors of components
in the form of combination component-based applications.

Types of Software Virtualization

1. OS Virtualization
In OS Virtualization, more than the Operating system wants to work
individually to complete the task without affecting others. Thus, a particular
Operating system can perform its specified job.

2. Application Virtualization
Application Virtualization is the second Virtualization method where users can
remotely access their applications on the central server. It helps to run multiple
applications at the same time by building a virtual environment.

3. Service Virtualization
Service Virtualization is a technique to simulate the Behaviors of components
in the form of combination component-based applications.

Benefits of Software Virtualization

1. Time-Saving
Software Virtualization helps organizations to complete the task efficiently,
and also it helps to save time.

2. Quick Changes
The user is capable of making quick changes in the Software according to the
requirements. According to the demand, the Software can be altered and run.

3. High Security
The Software can be kept secure from any viruses and security attacks as the
firewall is available as a bodyguard and prevents from entering the viruses.
Thus the resided data remains highly secure. are minimal.

Benefits of Software
Virtualization
4. Effective Utilization
With the help of Software Virtualization, the available resources
are used best by building a virtual environment. It results in
making use of multiple operating systems in one computer.

5. Easy Manage
Managing updates is a simple task. The user can update
 applications at one location and deploy the updated virtual
applications to all client systems.

6. Software Migration
In previous scenarios, getting switched from one platform to
another was a time-consuming and challenging task, impacting the
end-user systems. But with the help of Software Virtualization, the
migration process is simplified.

Virtual Cluster in Cloud Computing

Virtual cluster is a many-to-one virtualization technology, which can form a
routing system from multiple common devices connected through a switching
network, while performing the same as a single logical router to all external
appearances.
Virtual clusters are built with VMs installed at distributed servers from one or
more physical clus-ters. The VMs in a virtual cluster are interconnected
logically by a virtual network across several physical networks. Figure 3.18
illustrates the concepts of virtual clusters and physical clusters. Each virtual
cluster is formed with physical machines or a VM hosted by multiple physical
clusters. The virtual cluster boundaries are shown as distinct boundaries

Virtual Cluster in Cloud Computing

The provisioning of VMs to a virtual cluster is done dynamically to have
the following interest-ing properties:
• The virtual cluster nodes can be either physical or virtual machines. Multiple
VMs running with different OSes can be deployed on the same physical
node.
• A VM runs with a guest OS, which is often different from the host OS, that
manages the resources in the physical machine, where the VM is implemented.
• The purpose of using VMs is to consolidate multiple functionalities on the
same server. This will greatly enhance server utilization and application
flexibility.
• VMs can be colonized (replicated) in multiple servers for the purpose of
promoting distributed parallelism, fault tolerance, and disaster recovery

Virtual Cluster in Cloud

Computing
• The size (number of nodes) of a virtual cluster can grow or shrink dynamically,
similar to the way an overlay network varies in size in a peer-to-peer (P2P)
network. • The failure of any physical nodes may disable some VMs installed on
the failing nodes. But the failure of VMs will not pull down the host system.
 Virtualization Application
Application virtualization is technology that allows users to access
and use an application from a separate computer than the one on
 which the application is installed. Using application virtualization
software, IT admins can set up remote applications on a server and
deliver the apps to an end user’s computer. For the user, the
experience of the virtualized app is the same as using the installed
app on a physical machine

Virtualization Application
How does it works?
The most common way to virtualize applications is the server-based
approach. This means an IT administrator implements remote
applications on a server inside an organization’s datacenter or via a
hosting service. The IT admin then uses application virtualization
software to deliver the applications to a user’s desktop or other
connected device. The user can then access and use the application as
though it were locally installed on their machine, and the user’s actions
are conveyed back to the server to be executed.
Application virtualization is an important part of digital workspaces and
desktop virtualization.

Virtualization

Application Benefits of Application

Virtualization : 1. Simplified Management
2. Scalability

3. Security
Pitfalls of
Virtualization 1. Capacity and costs fail
to meet expectations.

2. Application fails to run (or fails to run adequately) in a virtual

environment.

3. Licensing cost increase and some software is not supported.

4. Managers, executives, users and other “server huggers” resist

virtualization.

5. Virtualization exposes unforeseen security risks.

Grid, Cloud
and
 Virtualization
Virtualization in Grid
The primary focus in Grid Computing lies in secure resource sharing in terms
of access to computers, software and data in a dynamic environment. Sharing
of those resources has to be fine grained and highly controlled. Moreover,
Foster proposed a three point checklist which characterizes a Grid more in
detail:

• Delivery of nontrivial qualities of service;

• Usage of standard, open, general-purpose protocols and interfaces e.g. for
 inter-communication;
• Coordination of resources that are not subject to centralized control.

Virtualization in Grid
Operating System virtualizations are just a use of software which allows the
hardware of a system to run multiple operating systems concurrently. This
further provides the benefit to run multiple applications requiring a different
operating system on a single computer.

How virtualization is different from Grid Computing? Whereas a

grid has many systems in a network and hence multiple people can have
ownership. Virtualization helps in providing cloud better security. Grid
computing is more economical. It splits the work and distributes it over the
network on computers increasing the efficiency as well

Virtualization in Grid
What is an example of virtualization?
Examples of virtualization in the IT world include: Running multiple Windows
VM servers on an Intel box, or running different IBM i, Linux, and AIX
partitions on an IBM POWER machine are well known implementations of
server virtualization.

Why grid computing is required?

Grid computing enables the virtualization of distributed computing resources
suchas processing, network bandwidth,and storage capacity to create a single
system image, granting users and applications seamless access to vast IT
capabilities.

Virtualization in Cloud
Note : As we have already studied this part in Unit No – 02

as Virtualization in Cloud Computing

Virtualization and Cloud

Security Virtualized security, or security virtualization, refers to
security solutions that are software-based and designed to work within a
virtualized IT environment. This differs from traditional, hardware-based
network security, which is static and runs on devices such as traditional
 firewalls, routers, and switches.
In contrast to hardware-based security, virtualized security is flexible and
dynamic. Instead of being tied to a device, it can be deployed anywhere in
the network and is often cloud-based. This is key for virtualized networks,
in which operators spin up workloads and applications dynamically;
virtualized security allows security services and functions to move around
with those dynamically created workloads

Virtualization and Cloud

Security Cloud security considerations (such as isolating
multitenant environments in public cloud environments) are also important
to virtualized security. The flexibility of virtualized security is helpful for
 securing hybrid and multi-cloud environments, where data and workloads
migrate around a complicated ecosystem involving multiple vendors.

What are the benefits of virtualized security?

1. Cost-effectiveness: Virtualized security allows an enterprise to maintain
a secure network without a large increase in spending on expensive
proprietary hardware. Pricing for cloud-based virtualized security
services is often determined by usage, which can mean additional
savings for organizations that use resources efficiently.

2. Flexibility: Virtualized security functions can follow workloads

anywhere, which is crucial in a virtualized environment. It provides
protection across multiple data centers and in multi-cloud and hybrid
 cloud environments, allowing an organization to take advantage of the
full benefits of virtualization while also keeping data secure.

What are the benefits of virtualized security?

3. Operational efficiency : Quicker and easier to deploy than hardware
based security, virtualized security doesn’t require IT teams to set up
and configure multiple hardware appliances. Instead, they can set up
security systems through centralized software, enabling rapid scaling.
Using software to run security technology also allows security tasks to
be automated, freeing up additional time for IT teams.

4. Regulatory compliance : Traditional hardware-based security is static

and unable to keep up with the demands of a virtualized network,
 making virtualized security a necessity for organizations that need to
maintain regulatory compliance.

How does virtualized security work?

Virtualized security can take the functions of traditional security hardware appliances (such as
firewalls and antivirus protection) and deploy them via software. In addition, virtualized
security can also perform additional security functions. These functions are only possible due to
the advantages of virtualization, and are designed to address the specific security needs of a
virtualized environment.
For example, an enterprise can insert security controls (such as encryption) between the
application layer and the underlying infrastructure, or use strategies such as
micro-segmentation to reduce the potential attack surface.
Virtualized security can be implemented as an application directly on a bare metal hypervisor (a
position it can leverage to provide effective application monitoring) or as a hosted service on a
virtual machine. In either case, it can be quickly deployed where it is most effective, unlike
physical security, which is tied to a specific device.

How is physical security different from virtualized security?

Traditional physical security is hardware-based, and as a result, it’s inflexible

and static. The traditional approach depends on devices deployed at strategic
points across a network and is often focused on protecting the network
perimeter (as with a traditional firewall). However, the perimeter of a
virtualized, cloud-based network is necessarily porous and workloads and
applications are dynamically created, increasing the potential attack surface.
Traditional security also relies heavily upon port and protocol filtering, an
approach that’s ineffective in a virtualized environment where addresses and
ports are assigned dynamically. In such an environment, traditional hardware
based security is not enough; a cloud-based network requires virtualized
security that can move around the network along with workloads and
applications

What are the different types of virtualized security?

Segmentation, or making specific resources available only to specific applications and users.
This typically takes the form of controlling traffic between different network segments or tiers.

Micro-segmentation, or applying specific security policies at the workload level to create

granular secure zones and limit an attacker’s ability to move through the network. Micro
segmentation divides a data center into segments and allows IT teams to define security
controls for each segment individually, bolstering the data center’s resistance to attack.

Isolation, or separating independent workloads and applications on the same network. This is
particularly important in a multitenant public cloud environment, and can also be used to
isolate virtual networks from the underlying physical infrastructure, protecting the
infrastructure from attack.
 Cloud Security
Cloud security, also known as cloud computing security, is a
collection of security measures designed to protect cloud-based
infrastructure, applications, and data. These measures ensure user
and device authentication, data and resource access control, and data
privacy protection. They also support regulatory data compliance.
Cloud security is employed in cloud environments to protect a
company's data from distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks,
malware, hackers, and unauthorized user access or use.

Cloud Security
Planning of security in Cloud Computing :
As security is a major concern in cloud implementation, so an organization
have to plan for security based on some factors like below represents the three
main factors on which planning of cloud security depends.

• Resources that can be moved to the cloud and test its sensitivity risk are
picked.
• The type of cloud is to be considered.
• The risk in the deployment of the cloud depends on the types of cloud and
service models.

Types of Cloud Computing Security

There are 4 types of cloud computing security controls i.e. 1. Deterrent
Controls : Deterrent controls are designed to block nefarious attacks on a cloud
system. These come in handy when there are insider attackers.
2. Preventive Controls : Preventive controls make the system resilient to
attacks by eliminating vulnerabilities in it.
3. Detective Controls : It identifies and reacts to security threats and control.
Some examples of detective control software are Intrusion detection
software and network security monitoring tools.
4. Corrective Controls : In the event of a security attack these controls are
activated. They limit the damage caused by the attack.

Importance of Cloud Security

• Centralized security : Centralized security results in centralizing protection.
As managing all the devices and endpoints is not an easy task cloud security
 helps in doing so. This results in enhancing traffic analysis and web filtering
which means less policy and software updates.

• Reduced costs : Investing in cloud computing and cloud security results in

less expenditure in hardware and also less manpower in administration.

• Reduced Administration : It makes it easier to administer the organization

and does not have manual security configuration and constant security
updates.

• Reliability : These are very reliable and the cloud can be accessed from
anywhere with any device with proper authorization.

Virtualizatio
 n and
Cloud
Computing
Anatomy of Cloud Infrastructure
Cloud computing is changing itself to meet the demands of customers in terms
of software and hardware. These changes have benefitted developments in web
based applications and facilitated decisions-making in business.

Thomas J. Watson of IBM has said ‘there may be a demand for five in world
market for computers.’ IBM designed computers for 20 companies, expecting
to get orders only from five companies. Surprisingly, IBM got order for 18
companies for the IBM 701 system. Operations in terms of hardware and data
are the main players and they are not cost effective. Cloud’s on-demand
infrastructure will make it cheaper and efficient.

Anatomy of Cloud Infrastructure

Microsoft and Google are the new players using cloud computing technology.
Microsoft’s Windows Azure platform will provide best results for C# and
ASP.Net development. Google’s App Engine and its Python language has
powered distributed web applications.

The most famous cloud computing provider is Amazon’s EC2. AMI (Amazon
Machine Image) is the block used in EC2 virtualization and is the point of
interaction to users of Amazon’s EC2.

Anatomy of Cloud Infrastructure

1. Cloud Stack :
Infrastructure stack for delivering web applications
by the providers of cloud computing. Figure shows
the managed cloud stack consisting of two parts:
first part consists of cache, dynamic code and
attached storage and logic for the dynamic code;
second part consists of stable and efficient OS,
security features and business logic written using
some programming language. Cloud computing
environment separates the computing environment
away from the developers and helps them focus on
improving their application.

Anatomy of Cloud Infrastructure

1. Cloud Stack :
Every cloud platform includes a virtual machine language and a gateway for
web services. Language functions are closely linked with parent OS and their
native libraries are taken away. External tools and ordinary compilers will not
function in the cloud language layer. Cloud services always bundles language
runtime dynamically for efficient interpretation across many application
instances.

Dynamic applications resides in application state and logic through database

and file storage. In cloud computing, the database and the file server are placed
inside cloud services, which are operated in an isolated and specialized layer.
This isolation layer makes the storage layer inter-changeable from cloud stack.

Anatomy of Cloud Infrastructure

1. Cloud Stack :
Static files are categorized based on their size. Files <1 MB can be consumed
in a single request. File >1 MB need to be chopped into parts for an easier and
sequenced download. Static cloud storage can be broken up according to their
file size and type, thus providing best solution for storage and delivery.
 Anatomy of Cloud Infrastructure
2. Cloud Consumers :
Web Application Developers
New small web applications may experience exponential growth. Web
developers use cloud computing stack for faster web performance and their
applications. Enterprise applications have deployed different cloud models.
SMBs and large-sized IT companies are replacing their in-house maintenance
and relying on IaaS. Project management, employee tracking, payroll and some
common functions are deployed as SaaS.

Windows Azure, Salesforce’s Force.com and Google App Engine has strong
support for back office add-ons. Microsoft and Google support Exchange
Online and Google Apps, respectively. Force.com tied to the popular
Salesforce CRM application for sales and marketing teams.

Companies such as Aptana, CohesiveFT, RightScale are some examples for

cloud hosting providers.
 Virtual Infrastructure
In the present scenario, the Internet provides services such as research, mining,
e-mail and maps. In the near future, it will converge communication and
computation as a single service.

Hence the Internet cannot be considered as a huge shared and unreliable

communication enabling data exchanges between users. Instead, it will become
a pool of interconnected resources that can be shared.

Grid’5000, an experimental facility, gathers clusters and gives access to nearly

5,000 CPUs distributed over remote sites and inter-connected by super fast
networks.
 Virtual Infrastructure
Virtualization abstracts services and physical resources. It simplifies the job of
managing the resources and offers a great flexibility in resource usage.

The vitrual machine

• Provides an environment where non-trusted applications can be run
• Adopts isolation techniques
• Allows dynamic deployment of application (portability)
• Applied optimization in OS
• Manages as a single service

CPU Virtualization
Virtualizing a CPU is an easy job. For virtualizing a CPU, the following points
are to adhered:

• Privileged instructions runs only in privileged mode.

• Control sensitive instructions that tend to change memory mappings,
communicating with other devices.
• Behavior-sensitive instructions that tend to change resource configuration.

By adopting CPU virtualization, two separate CPUs resemble a single CPU,

i.e., two systems running in a single system. By adopting this concept, user can
run two OS in a single system. The most important part of the computer is the
central processing unit(CPU).

CPU Virtualization
The main objective of CPU virtualization is to make a CPU function similar to
that of two separate CPUs. CPU virtualization allows the users to run different
operating systems simultaneously. For example, Apple Mac can be virtualized
to run Windows as well.

CPU virtualization is not multitasking or multi-threading. Multitasking is

concept of running multiple applications at a time. Multi-threading is where
more than one CPUs can run applications in a way that carries out two actions
at the same time.

Network and Storage Virtualization

1. Network Virtualization :
Network virtualization facilitates running of multiple networks, multiple
consumers over a shared substrate.

Network virtualization is a method which combines the available resources by

splitting up the bandwidth into channels and assigned to device or user in real
time. Each channel is independently secured. Every consumer will have shared
access to all the resources on the network.

By adopting network virtualization, managing the network will be an easier job

and less time-consuming for network administrators. Productivity and
efficiency are improved using network virtualization. Files, images, programs
and folders can be managed centrally.

Network and Storage Virtualization

1. Network Virtualization :
Network virtualization facilitates running of multiple networks, multiple
consumers over a shared substrate.

Network virtualization is a method which combines the available resources by

splitting up the bandwidth into channels and assigned to device or user in real
time. Each channel is independently secured. Every consumer will have shared
access to all the resources on the network.

By adopting network virtualization, managing the network will be an easier job

and less time-consuming for network administrators. Productivity and
efficiency are improved using network virtualization. Files, images, programs
and folders can be managed centrally.

Network and Storage Virtualization

1. Network Virtualization :
Storage media such as hard drives and tape drives can be added, removed and
shared easily. Network virtualization is categorized as: external and internal.

External format: In this format, multiple local networks are combined or

subdivided into virtual networks to improve the efficiency. VLAN and network
switch are the components of this format.

Internal format: In this format, a single system is configured with containers

or hypervisors, such as the Xen/KVM domain to control VNIC. By adopting
this format, overall efficiency of a single system is improved since applications
are isolated.
 Network and Storage Virtualization
1. Network Virtualization :
Components of a virtual network consists of:

• Network hardware components such as network switch, adapters (NIC)

• Network elements e.g., firewalls
• VLANs and VMs
• Network storage devices
• Network mobile elements e.g., tablets, mobiles
• Network media e.g., ethernet cards and fibre channels

Network and Storage Virtualization

2. Storage Virtualization
1. Storage virtualization is a concept where storage devices are virtualized. As
a result of this concept better functionality, proper maintenance of storage
devices and efficient backup procedures can be achieved.

2. A storage system is also called as storage array or disk array. Storage

systems are complex and are controlled by special systems providing high
data protection for the data stored in it.

3. There are two types of storage virtualization : block virtualization and file
virtualization.

Network and Storage Virtualization

2. Storage Virtualization :
• Block virtualization separates the logical storage from physical storage.
Accessing can be done without the knowledge of where the physical storage
is located and its nature (heterogeneous). Storage virtualization allows
storage administrators greater flexibility in managing the storage devices
and the users.

• File virtualization takes care of NAS by eliminating the dependencies

between file level and the location. Due to file virtualization, optimization of
storage and migrations of storage devices can be done easily.

Network and Storage Virtualization

2. Storage Virtualization :
Benefits of Storage Virtualization
1. Non-disruptive data migration: Ability to migrate data without disturbing
concurrent I/O access.

2. Improved utilization: Utilization can be increased by pooling and

migration. When all storage media are pooled, the administrator can easily
maintain the devices and also assign disks for the users.

REFERENCES
1. https://www.javatpoint.com/virtualization-in-cloud-computing5

2. https://www.guru99.com/virtualization-cloud-computing.html

3. https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/virtualization-architecture 4.

https://www.brainkart.com/article/Virtual-Clusters-and-Resource-Management_11343/
5. https://gzipwtf.com/what-is-virtualization-in-grid-computing/

6.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226151863_Grids_Clouds_and_Virtualization

7.

https://indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijst1&volume=13&issue=4&article=005

8. https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1807/1807.11016.pdf

9. https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/cloud
computing/9789332537439/xhtml/chapter010.xhtml#ch10sec4-2