PF assignment: 1)

#include <stdio.h> // For input/output

#include <string.h> // For string functions

// Define a smaller number of students for simplicity

#define NUM_STUDENTS 3
#define MAX_NAME_LEN 20 // Shorter name length

// Structure to hold student data

typedef struct {
char studentFName[MAX_NAME_LEN];
char studentLName[MAX_NAME_LEN];
int testScore;
char grade;
} studentType;

/**
* @brief Reads student names and scores into the array.
* @param students Array of studentType structures.
* @param size Number of students.
*/
void readStudentsData(studentType students[], int size) {
printf("--- Enter Student Data ---\n");
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("\nStudent %d:\n", i + 1);
printf("First Name: ");
scanf("%19s", students[i].studentFName); // Read with width limit
printf("Last Name: ");
scanf("%19s", students[i].studentLName);
int score;
do { // Validate score
printf("Score (0-100): ");
scanf("%d", &score);
if (score < 0 || score > 100) printf("Invalid score. Try again.\n");
} while (score < 0 || score > 100);
students[i].testScore = score;
}
}

/**
* @brief Assigns grades based on test scores.
* @param students Array of studentType structures.
* @param size Number of students.
*/
void assignGrades(studentType students[], int size) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (students[i].testScore >= 90) students[i].grade = 'A';
else if (students[i].testScore >= 80) students[i].grade = 'B';
else if (students[i].testScore >= 70) students[i].grade = 'C';
else if (students[i].testScore >= 60) students[i].grade = 'D';
else students[i].grade = 'F';
}
}

/**
* @brief Finds the highest test score.
* @param students Array of studentType structures.
* @param size Number of students.
* @return The highest score.
*/
int findHighestScore(const studentType students[], int size) {
if (size <= 0) return -1;
int highestScore = students[0].testScore;
for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {
if (students[i].testScore > highestScore) highestScore =
students[i].testScore;
}
return highestScore;
}

/**
* @brief Prints students with the highest score.
* @param students Array of studentType structures.
* @param size Number of students.
* @param highestScore The highest score to match.
*/
void printHighestScoreStudents(const studentType students[], int size, int
highestScore) {
printf("\n--- Highest Score Students (%d) ---\n", highestScore);
if (size == 0 || highestScore == -1) {
printf("No data.\n");
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (students[i].testScore == highestScore) {
printf("%-15s, %s\n", students[i].studentLName,
students[i].studentFName);
}
}
}

/**
* @brief Prints all student data (name, score, grade).
* @param students Array of studentType structures.
* @param size Number of students.
*/
void printStudentsData(const studentType students[], int size) {
printf("\n--- All Student Records ---\n");
printf("%-15s %-10s %s\n", "Name", "Score", "Grade");
printf("----------------------------------\n");
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("%-15s, %-4s %-10d %c\n",
students[i].studentLName, students[i].studentFName,
students[i].testScore, students[i].grade);
}
}

/**
* @brief Main function. Orchestrates program flow.
*/
int main() {
studentType classStudents[NUM_STUDENTS];
int highestTestScore;

readStudentsData(classStudents, NUM_STUDENTS);
assignGrades(classStudents, NUM_STUDENTS);
highestTestScore = findHighestScore(classStudents, NUM_STUDENTS);
printStudentsData(classStudents, NUM_STUDENTS);
printHighestScoreStudents(classStudents, NUM_STUDENTS, highestTestScore);

return 0;
}

Q.2)

#include <stdio.h> // For input/output

#include <string.h> // For string functions

#define MAX_MENU_ITEMS 8 // Total menu items

#define MAX_ITEM_NAME_LEN 20 // Shorter name length for output
#define TAX_RATE 0.05 // 5% tax

// Structure for a menu item

typedef struct {
char itemName[MAX_ITEM_NAME_LEN];
double itemPrice;
} menuItemType;

/**
* @brief Loads menu data.
*/
void getData(menuItemType menuList[], int size) {
// Initialize menu items and their prices
strcpy(menuList[0].itemName, "Plain Egg"); menuList[0].itemPrice = 1.45;
strcpy(menuList[1].itemName, "Bacon and Egg"); menuList[1].itemPrice = 2.45;
strcpy(menuList[2].itemName, "Muffin"); menuList[2].itemPrice = 0.99;
strcpy(menuList[3].itemName, "French Toast"); menuList[3].itemPrice = 1.99;
strcpy(menuList[4].itemName, "Fruit Basket"); menuList[4].itemPrice = 2.49;
strcpy(menuList[5].itemName, "Cereal"); menuList[5].itemPrice = 0.69;
strcpy(menuList[6].itemName, "Coffee"); menuList[6].itemPrice = 0.50;
strcpy(menuList[7].itemName, "Tea"); menuList[7].itemPrice = 0.75;
}

/**
* @brief Displays the menu.
*/
void showMenu(const menuItemType menuList[], int size) {
printf("\n--- Johnny's Breakfast Menu ---\n");
printf("%-3s %-20s %s\n", "No.", "Item", "Price");
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("%-3d %-20s $%.2f\n", i + 1, menuList[i].itemName,
menuList[i].itemPrice);
}
printf("Enter item number, 0 to finish.\n");
}

/**
* @brief Calculates and prints the bill.
*/
void printCheck(const menuItemType menuList[], int size) {
int selection;
double totalCost = 0.0;

printf("\nWelcome to Johnny's Restaurant\n");

printf("--- Your Order ---\n");

while (1) {
printf("Select item (1-%d, 0 to finish): ", size);
 scanf("%d", &selection);

if (selection == 0) break;
if (selection > 0 && selection <= size) {
totalCost += menuList[selection - 1].itemPrice;
printf("%-20s $%.2f\n", menuList[selection - 1].itemName,
menuList[selection - 1].itemPrice);
} else {
printf("Invalid selection.\n");
}
}

double taxAmount = totalCost * TAX_RATE;

double amountDue = totalCost + taxAmount;

printf("\n--------------------\n");
printf("%-10s $%.2f\n", "Tax", taxAmount);
printf("%-10s $%.2f\n", "Amount Due", amountDue);
printf("--------------------\n");
printf("Thank you!\n");
}

/**
* @brief Main function.
*/
int main() {
menuItemType menuList[MAX_MENU_ITEMS];

getData(menuList, MAX_MENU_ITEMS);
showMenu(menuList, MAX_MENU_ITEMS);
printCheck(menuList, MAX_MENU_ITEMS);

return 0;
}

Q.3)

#include <stdio.h> // For input/output

#include <string.h> // For string functions

#define MAX_MENU_ITEMS 8 // Total menu items

#define MAX_ITEM_NAME_LEN 20 // Max item name length
#define TAX_RATE 0.05 // 5% tax
// Structure for a menu item
typedef struct {
char itemName[MAX_ITEM_NAME_LEN];
double itemPrice;
} menuItemType;

// Loads menu data.

void getData(menuItemType menuList[]) {
strcpy(menuList[0].itemName, "Plain Egg"); menuList[0].itemPrice = 1.45;
strcpy(menuList[1].itemName, "Bacon and Egg"); menuList[1].itemPrice = 2.45;
strcpy(menuList[2].itemName, "Muffin"); menuList[2].itemPrice = 0.99;
strcpy(menuList[3].itemName, "French Toast"); menuList[3].itemPrice = 1.99;
strcpy(menuList[4].itemName, "Fruit Basket"); menuList[4].itemPrice = 2.49;
strcpy(menuList[5].itemName, "Cereal"); menuList[5].itemPrice = 0.69;
strcpy(menuList[6].itemName, "Coffee"); menuList[6].itemPrice = 0.50;
strcpy(menuList[7].itemName, "Tea"); menuList[7].itemPrice = 0.75;
}

// Displays the menu.

void showMenu(const menuItemType menuList[]) {
printf("\n--- Johnny's Menu ---\n");
printf("%-3s %-15s %s\n", "No.", "Item", "Price");
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_MENU_ITEMS; i++) {
printf("%-3d %-15s $%.2f\n", i + 1, menuList[i].itemName,
menuList[i].itemPrice);
}
printf("Enter item # (0 to end):\n");
}

// Calculates and prints the bill.

void printCheck(const menuItemType menuList[]) {
int selection;
double totalCost = 0.0;

printf("\nWelcome to Johnny's Restaurant\n");

printf("--- Your Order ---\n");

while (1) {
printf("Select item: ");
scanf("%d", &selection);
if (selection == 0) break;
if (selection > 0 && selection <= MAX_MENU_ITEMS) {
totalCost += menuList[selection - 1].itemPrice;
printf("%-15s $%.2f\n", menuList[selection - 1].itemName,
menuList[selection - 1].itemPrice);
 } else {
printf("Invalid selection.\n");
}
}

double taxAmount = totalCost * TAX_RATE;

double amountDue = totalCost + taxAmount;

printf("\n-------------------\n");
printf("%-10s $%.2f\n", "Tax", taxAmount);
printf("%-10s $%.2f\n", "Total", amountDue);
printf("-------------------\n");
printf("Thank you!\n");
}

// Main function.
int main() {
menuItemType menuList[MAX_MENU_ITEMS];

getData(menuList);
showMenu(menuList);
printCheck(menuList);

return 0;
}

Q.4)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_ITEMS 8
#define NAME_LEN 15
#define TAX 0.05

typedef struct {
char name[NAME_LEN];
double price;
} MenuItem;

// Load menu data

void loadMenu(MenuItem menu[]) {
strcpy(menu[0].name, "Plain Egg"); menu[0].price = 1.45;
strcpy(menu[1].name, "Bacon and Egg"); menu[1].price = 2.45;
 strcpy(menu[2].name, "Muffin"); menu[2].price = 0.99;
strcpy(menu[3].name, "French Toast"); menu[3].price = 1.99;
strcpy(menu[4].name, "Fruit Basket"); menu[4].price = 2.49;
strcpy(menu[5].name, "Cereal"); menu[5].price = 0.69;
strcpy(menu[6].name, "Coffee"); menu[6].price = 0.50;
strcpy(menu[7].name, "Tea"); menu[7].price = 0.75;
}

// Display menu
void displayMenu(const MenuItem menu[]) {
printf("\n--- Johnny's Menu ---\n");
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ITEMS; i++) {
printf("%d. %-15s $%.2f\n", i + 1, menu[i].name, menu[i].price);
}
printf("Enter # (0 to end):\n");
}

// Process order and print bill

void printBill(const MenuItem menu[]) {
int sel;
double total = 0.0;

printf("\nWelcome to Johnny's Restaurant\n--- Your Order ---\n");

while (1) {
printf("Select item: ");
scanf("%d", &sel);
if (sel == 0) break;
if (sel > 0 && sel <= MAX_ITEMS) {
total += menu[sel - 1].price;
printf("%-15s $%.2f\n", menu[sel - 1].name, menu[sel - 1].price);
} else {
printf("Invalid selection.\n");
}
}

double tax = total * TAX;

double finalAmount = total + tax;

printf("\n-------------------\n");
printf("%-10s $%.2f\n", "Tax", tax);
printf("%-10s $%.2f\n", "Total", finalAmount);
printf("-------------------\nThank you!\n");
}

int main() {
 MenuItem menu[MAX_ITEMS];
loadMenu(menu);
displayMenu(menu);
printBill(menu);
return 0;
}

Q.5)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define MAX_LINES 100

#define MAX_LINE_LENGTH 256

// Reads lines from a file into a 2D char array.

// Returns the number of lines read, or -1 on error.
int readFileToArray(char lines[][MAX_LINE_LENGTH], int max_lines, int
max_line_len) {
char filename[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
FILE *file_ptr;
int line_count = 0;

printf("Input the file name: ");

scanf("%s", filename);

file_ptr = fopen(filename, "r");

if (file_ptr == NULL) {
printf("Error: Cannot open file %s\n", filename);
return -1;
}

while (fgets(lines[line_count], max_line_len, file_ptr) != NULL && line_count

< max_lines) {
lines[line_count][strcspn(lines[line_count], "\n")] = 0; // Remove
newline
line_count++;
}

if (line_count >= max_lines) {

printf("Warning: Max lines (%d) reached.\n", max_lines);
}

fclose(file_ptr);
 return line_count;
}

// Main function to run the program.

int main() {
char file_lines[MAX_LINES][MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
int num_lines_read = readFileToArray(file_lines, MAX_LINES, MAX_LINE_LENGTH);

if (num_lines_read != -1) {
printf("\nThe content of the file are:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < num_lines_read; i++) {
printf("%s\n", file_lines[i]);
}
}

return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Q.6)

#include <stdio.h> // For file I/O (fopen, fgetc, fclose, printf)

#include <stdlib.h> // For EXIT_SUCCESS, EXIT_FAILURE
#include <ctype.h> // For isspace function

// Main function to count words and characters in a file.

int main() {
char filename[100]; // Buffer for the filename
FILE *file_ptr; // File pointer
int character_count = 0; // Counter for total characters
int word_count = 0; // Counter for total words
int c; // Variable to hold each character read from file
int in_word = 0; // Flag to track if currently inside a word (1 =
yes, 0 = no)

printf("Count the number of words and characters in a file:\n");

printf("---------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the filename to be opened: ");
scanf("%99s", filename); // Read filename, limit to 99 chars + null
terminator

// Attempt to open the file in read mode

file_ptr = fopen(filename, "r");

// Check if the file was opened successfully

 if (file_ptr == NULL) {
printf("Error: Could not open file '%s'\n", filename);
return EXIT_FAILURE; // Indicate an error
}

printf("The content of the file %s are:\n", filename);

// Read characters one by one until End-Of-File (EOF) is reached

while ((c = fgetc(file_ptr)) != EOF) {
printf("%c", c); // Print the character to display file content

character_count++; // Increment total character count

// Logic to count words:

// If the character is not a whitespace and we were not previously in a
word,
// it means a new word has started.
if (!isspace(c)) {
if (in_word == 0) {
word_count++; // Increment word count
in_word = 1; // Set flag to indicate we are now inside a word
}
} else {
// If the character is a whitespace, reset the 'in_word' flag
in_word = 0;
}
}

fclose(file_ptr); // Close the file

// Print the results

printf("\nThe number of words in the file %s are: %d\n", filename,
word_count);
printf("The number of characters in the file %s are: %d\n", filename,
character_count);

return EXIT_SUCCESS; // Indicate successful execution

}

Q.7)

#include <stdio.h> // For file I/O

#include <string.h> // For string manipulation

#define MAX_LINE_LEN 256 // Max length of a line

// Appends multiple lines to a file.
void appendLinesToFile() {
char filename[100];
FILE *fp;
int num_lines;
char line_buffer[MAX_LINE_LEN];

printf("File name to open: ");

scanf("%99s", filename);
while (getchar() != '\n'); // Consume newline

printf("Number of lines to write: ");

scanf("%d", &num_lines);
while (getchar() != '\n'); // Consume newline

fp = fopen(filename, "a"); // Open in append mode

if (fp == NULL) {
printf("Error: Could not open '%s'.\n", filename);
return;
}

printf("Enter lines:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < num_lines; i++) {
if (fgets(line_buffer, MAX_LINE_LEN, stdin) != NULL) {
line_buffer[strcspn(line_buffer, "\n")] = 0; // Remove trailing
newline
fprintf(fp, "%s\n", line_buffer); // Write line to file
} else {
printf("Error reading line %d.\n", i + 1);
break;
}
}

fclose(fp);
printf("Successfully appended %d lines to '%s'.\n", num_lines, filename);
}

int main() {
appendLinesToFile();
return 0; // Success
}