Scribd
Upload
1 views7 pages

Object Relational Mapping(ORM) in Python

Object Relational Mapping (ORM) in Python automates the transfer of data between relational databases and application objects, allowing developers to interact with databases using Python code instead of SQL. SQLAlchemy is a popular ORM library that connects to various databases and provides a high-level abstraction for database operations. The document outlines how to install SQLAlchemy, connect to a database, and define mappings using a declarative base class.

Uploaded by

Ravi Potnuru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1 views7 pages

Object Relational Mapping(ORM) in Python

Object Relational Mapping (ORM) in Python automates the transfer of data between relational databases and application objects, allowing developers to interact with databases using Python code instead of SQL. SQLAlchemy is a popular ORM library that connects to various databases and provides a high-level abstraction for database operations. The document outlines how to install SQLAlchemy, connect to a database, and define mappings using a declarative base class.

Uploaded by

Ravi Potnuru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Object Relational Mapping (ORM)

in python
Introduction:
• Object Relational Mapping is a system of mapping objects to a
database. That means it automates the transfer of data stored in
relational databases tables into objects that are commonly used in
application code.

• An object relational mapper maps a relational database system to


objects. The ORM is independent of which relational database
system is used. From within Python, you can talk to objects and the
ORM will map it to the database.

• ORMs provide a high-level abstraction upon a relational


database that allows a developer to write Python code instead of
SQL to interact (create, read, update and delete data and schemas)
with database.
The mapping like this…
– Python Class == SQL Table
– Instance of the Class == Row in the Table

• Developers can use the programming language they are


comfortable with to work with a database instead of writing SQL
statements or stored procedures.

• There are many ORM implementations written in Python, including


– SQLAlchemy
– Peewee
– The Django ORM
– PonyORM
– SQLObject
– Tortoise ORM

• We are going to discuss about SQLAlchemy,it pronounced as


SQL-All-Chemy.
SQLAlchemy:
• SQLAlchemy is a library used to interact with a wide variety of
databases. It enables you to create data models and queries in a
manner that feels like normal Python classes and statements.

• It can be used to connect to most common databases such as


Postgres, MySQL, SQLite, Oracle, and many others.

• SQLAlchemy is a popular SQL toolkit and Object Relational Mapper.


It is written in Python and gives full power and flexibility of SQL to
an application developer.

• It is necessary to install SQLAlchemy. To install we have to use


following code at Terminal or CMD.
pip install sqlalchemy
• To check if SQLAlchemy is properly installed or not, enter the
following command in the Python prompt
>>>import sqlalchemy
• If the above statement was executed with no errors, “sqlalchemy "
is installed and ready to be used.
Connecting to Database:
• To connect with database using SQLAlchemy, we have to
create engine for this purpose SQLAlchemy supports one
function is create_engine().
• The create_engine() function is used to create engine; it takes
overall responsibilities of database connectivity.
Syntax:
Database-server[+driver]://user:password@host/dbname
Example:
mysql+mysqldb://root:root@localhost/collegedb

• The main objective of the ORM-API of SQLAlchemy is to


facilitate associating user-defined Python classes with
database tables, and objects of those classes with rows in
their corresponding tables.
Declare Mapping:
• First of all, create_engine() function is called to set up an engine object
which is subsequently used to perform SQL operations.
To create engine in case of MySQL:
Example:
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqldb://root:@localhost/Collegedb')

• When using ORM, we first configure database tables that we will be using.
Then we define classes that will be mapped to them. Modern SQLAlchemy
uses Declarative system to do these tasks.
• A declarative base class is created, which maintains a catalog of classes
and tables. A declarative base class is created with
the declarative_base() function.
• The declarative_base() function is used to create base class. This function
is defined in sqlalchemy.ext.declarative module.
To create declarative base class:
Example:
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
Base = declarative_base()
Example: tabledef.py
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
# create a engine
engine =create_engine('mysql+mysqldb://root:@localhost/Sampledb‘)
# create a declarative base class
Base = declarative_base()

class Students(Base):
__tablename__ = 'students'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(10))
address = Column(String(10))
email = Column(String(10))

Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy